Visigothic basilica in northern Spain, 661

Bacilica with all the features.

 Barrell vault
Apse
Thickness of the wall.
Walls are thick and heavy because they
Lost the science from the romans.
Very few and small openings.
Visigothic basilica,
interior
Baptism of Clovis, 496 C.E.

Dove is the symbol of the holy spirit.

Clovis was not a Christian, she would invite the
Pope over and something something.
Clovis went into a very tough battle
And asks for help.
Knows the story of Constantine.

Soldiers became baptized.

Merovingian Sword Hilt, 6th century
 The Franks subdued the
other Germanic tribes by 800.

fibula

Frankish fibulae, 6th century

glass—5th and 6th centuries
 Stirrup

8th century
A mayor of the palace.

Charles Martel defeated

the Muslims at the Battle
of Poitiers, 732 C.C.
 United a large part of europe.
Charlemagne
(Charles the Great)

orb of the world

crowned Holy Roman Emperor

on Christmas Day, 800
Charlemagne crowned Holy Roman Emperor
Carolingian minuscule

a part of
Charles’
reform of
education

created by
Alcuin of York
781
Carolingian minuscule, 9th century
half uncial, 4th to 8th century
dalmatic
Charlemagne presenting his chapel at Aachen
to the Virgin Mary and the Christ Child
Chapel at Aachen
--interior
Louis the Pious

cape

two tunics

hose

boots
hand-copied manuscript
Evangelary of Saint Mary and the
Martyrs, Trier, 9th c. A.D.
"the beginning of the gospel of
Jesus Christ, the Son of God, as it
was written in the prophet
Isaiah ..."(Mark 1:1)
cover of Lindau Gospels,
ca. 880

gold repousse,
pearls, other gems
Church architecture
evolves

transept
added to
basilica plan
to form a cross
foot of St. Allard (reliquary)
Relics: A tangible repository for
God’s grace

Ste. Foy reliquary

ca. 1000

life size

gold repousse and gemstones

over wood core
 Ste. Foy (head)

face is the funeral mask

of a Roman emperor
 Pilgrimage: the medieval
tourist industry

pilgrim’s purse with cockleshell,

pilgrim’s token from Compostela

Jesus as a pilgrim on the road to Compostela

routes to Santiago de Compostela
Pilgrimage: the medieval tourist industry
Pilgrims
brought
back scallop
shells to
show that
they had
been to
Compostela.
St. James/ body arriving in Compostela

cockleshells
Basilica becomes the Romanesque church
to accommodate pilgrims
radiating chapels

ambulatory
 Ste. Foy at Conques

lantern
lanternover
overcrossing
crossing

transept with aisles

 radiating chapels

ambulatory

Additions to accommodate pilgrims:

St. Sernin in Toulouse
St. Sernin at Toulouse
double transept

ambulatory

radiating chapels
Vezelay, 1120

colored voussoirs
apse
Romanesque Art and Architecture:
The Bible of the Illiterate

historiated capital: Adam and Eve Lazarus

Last Judgment: Heaven
Last Judgment: Hell
Eve, by Gislebertus Autun, 1120-30
Mary Magdalene announcing
the resurrection to the
apostles

from the St. Albans Psalter,

ca. 1120
Virgin and Child

from the Passionary of Hirsau, 1125

The Virgin Mary rescues Theophilus from his pact with the devil—
Souillac, ca. 1150
 wooden altar at
Sta. Maria de
Lluca, Catalonia,
ca. 1200

Jesus crowning Mary, who sits beside him in heaven

The Wise Men adoring the baby Jesus
whalebone, Spain, ca. 1100

hieratic scale: Who is the important person?

 Homilary of St. Bartholomew
German, 12th century

“Guda, woman and sinner, wrote and painted this book”

Christina of
Markyate, from
the St. Albans
Psalter, ca. 1120
Hildegard of Bingen, 1098-1179

had visions; wrote them down

and illustrated them, with the
help of her nuns
Hildegard’s vision of Christ as
the Redeemer
Hildegard’s “cosmic egg”
Hildegard: God putting the soul into a fetus
Abbey Church of La
Madeleine at Vezelay

built 1120-32
La Madeleine at Vezelay--apse
La Madeleine at Vezelay--
interior
 capital at Vezelay

Adam, Eve, and the serpent

Vezelay: the magi
wearing platform
boots
From the tympanum at Vezelay: the blind, the deaf, and the mute
—all can be cured when they receive the gospel
Vezelay: dog-headed man

According to the Roman, Pliny the

Elder, mute dog-headed people
lived in remote parts of India.
historiated capital at Vezelay
depicting Despair thrusting a
sword into his own back
Viking helmet from the
Sutton Hoo burial
Viking ship
from
manuscript
Viking ship found in burial
mound in southern Norway
1066: The Norman Conquest of England
as told in the Bayeux Tapestry

meets Harold at Hastings

William of Normandy
Harold takes an oath to Duke William of Normandy
Edward dies

Harold is crowned king of England

William’s men build boats
loading the boats with armor and wine
The Normans and the English battle at Hastings
Harold dies, with an arrow in the eye.
Romanesque Castles
 the keep

Defensive Architecture: the Castle

Arundel Castle from the air
 machiolations

Ragland, on the Welsh border latrines on castle wall

spiral staircase with right-hand bend
monks copying
manuscripts
King Otto
ca. 1000
lutist, ca. 1000
Painted Chest, Swiss
A six-plank chest, France
Lothar Cross,
ca. 1000
20”

with antique
cameo of the
Emperor
Caesar
Augustus
bronze crucifix for Herimann,
Archbishop of Cologne, 1050
16 ½” x 11 ¼”

found objects:
• head of Christ is a 1st century
portrait of Empress Livia in lapis
lazuli
• filigree background added early
13th century