MPLS fundamentals

Why MPLS

MULTIPROTOCOL LABEL SWITCHING

Agenda MPLS Fundamentals

Why MPLS?

Why MPLS
What is MPLS
MPLS Functions and Roles
Label Switching and Distribution
MPLS Virtual Private Networks

MPLS is important for the future of telecommunication networks

Voice

TV & Video

Data

PABX
IP-PABX

IP TV

MPLS

PSTN

Internet

AXE

Mobile Networks

Internet

IP-PABX

Mobile Networks

"Disclaimer: This document is intended for internal use only (i.e. self-study) and it is not allowed to distribute in any
shape and form for external use. Furthermore, please keep in mind that this module was designed and developed for
e-learning method. This might have an impact on the quality of the graphics in this document."

"Disclaimer: This document is intended for internal use only (i.e. self-study) and it is not allowed to distribute in any
shape and form for external use. Furthermore, please keep in mind that this module was designed and developed for
e-learning method. This might have an impact on the quality of the graphics in this document."

Why MPLS: IP v atm

Real Time applications transmitted over IP network
Hello

leohl ????

What is MPLS
o

IP Network

IP
AT is MPLs?
IP
v6
What
M

er
ne

C
DL

Label switching
label label
IP Packet IP packet

Et
h

Multi-Protocol

Hello

PP
P

PV

Hello

SO

Real Time applications transmitted over ATM network

N
ET
/S
D

Why MPLS: IP v atm

label
IP packet

IP Packet
label

ATM Network

"Disclaimer: This document is intended for internal use only (i.e. self-study) and it is not allowed to distribute in any
shape and form for external use. Furthermore, please keep in mind that this module was designed and developed for
e-learning method. This might have an impact on the quality of the graphics in this document."

IP packet
IP Packet

MPLS/IP Network

"Disclaimer: This document is intended for internal use only (i.e. self-study) and it is not allowed to distribute in any
shape and form for external use. Furthermore, please keep in mind that this module was designed and developed for
e-learning method. This might have an impact on the quality of the graphics in this document."

MPLS challenges IP

VPN
QoS
Virtual
Quality
Private
of Service
Network
MPLS/IP

VPN-A
40.1.1.1
o
o

l
l

e H
e

40.1.2.1
VPN-A

MPLS Functions and Roles

VPN-b
40.1.2.1

VPN-b
40.1.1.1

MPLS/IP Network

MPLS and the OSI Model

Mpls functions and roles

Layer 7 -

Application

P
LS

LSP Label switch path

Hello

Hello

Layer 6 - Presentation
Layer 5 -

Session

Layer 4 -

Transport

Layer 3 -

Network

Layer 2 -

Data Link

Layer 1 -

Physical

MPLS

"Disclaimer: This document is intended for internal use only (i.e. self-study) and it is not allowed to distribute in any
shape and form for external use. Furthermore, please keep in mind that this module was designed and developed for
e-learning method. This might have an impact on the quality of the graphics in this document."

"Disclaimer: This document is intended for internal use only (i.e. self-study) and it is not allowed to distribute in any
shape and form for external use. Furthermore, please keep in mind that this module was designed and developed for
e-learning method. This might have an impact on the quality of the graphics in this document."

Mpls functions and roles

Mpls functions and roles

MPLS Header

FEC Forward Equivalence Class

20 Bits

3Bits 1Bit 8 Bits

TE

Destination
paths

label

IP Packet

QoS

VPN

Label
Label

EXP
Exp S

TTL

TE - paths
label
IP packet

IP Packet
label

Layer 2

MPLS

Header

Header

IP packet

IP packet
IP Packet

MPLS/IP Network

32 Bits

Mpls functions and roles

MPLS functions and roles

MPLS Header
label

IP Packet

MPLS

CE
LER
(PE)

label
IP packet

IP Packet
label

IP packet

LSR
(P)

LSR
(P)

CE
LER
(PE)
CE

CE

IP Packet

MPLS/IP Network

"Disclaimer: This document is intended for internal use only (i.e. self-study) and it is not allowed to distribute in any
shape and form for external use. Furthermore, please keep in mind that this module was designed and developed for
e-learning method. This might have an impact on the quality of the graphics in this document."

push

swap

swap
php

pop

"Disclaimer: This document is intended for internal use only (i.e. self-study) and it is not allowed to distribute in any
shape and form for external use. Furthermore, please keep in mind that this module was designed and developed for
e-learning method. This might have an impact on the quality of the graphics in this document."

Label stacking
LSP

VPN

MPLS

CE
LER1300

10.1.1.1

LSR1
888

Label Switching and

Distribution

CE

LSR2
IP packet LER2

10.1.2.1

Outer LabelInner Label

300 888 IP packet400 888 IP packet 888 IP packet

IP packet

IP packet

push

swap

php

Label Switch Path (LSP)

Mpls functions and roles

Label switching
INTer
FEC face
1
1

Reserved MPLS Labels

0 15 are reserved

Out
In
Action INTer
In
Action
Out
Inter Out
Label
Label
Label
face Label face Label
300
300 swap 400
2
php400
3
none

MPLS

CE

Label 0

Label 3

Label

Explicit NULL label

Implicit NULL label

Router Alert label

- add label 0

- do PHP

- Take a closer look

LSR2

LSR1

LER1

CE

LER2
3

10.1.2.1

10.1.1.1
300 IP packet

400 IP packet

IP packet

Label 14
OAM label alert
-Operation & Maintenance

IP packet

IP packet

push

swap

php

Label Switch Path (LSP)

"Disclaimer: This document is intended for internal use only (i.e. self-study) and it is not allowed to distribute in any
shape and form for external use. Furthermore, please keep in mind that this module was designed and developed for
e-learning method. This might have an impact on the quality of the graphics in this document."

"Disclaimer: This document is intended for internal use only (i.e. self-study) and it is not allowed to distribute in any
shape and form for external use. Furthermore, please keep in mind that this module was designed and developed for
e-learning method. This might have an impact on the quality of the graphics in this document."

Label Distribution

Label Distribution Modes

Downstream

Unsolicited

on Demand
300 IP packet

LSR1

LSR2

Upstream

LSR - 1
LDP

171.2.2.0/24
Label 200

LSR - 2

171.2.2.0/24
Label 3

171.2.2.0/24

LSR - 3

RSVP

LDP

LSP Control Modes

Label Distribution Protocol

Action Out
Inter Out
INTer
face Label
face Label
none
1php 500 3

Independent LSP

Ordered LSP

P
LIGS

In
Label
FEC
400
1

Downstream
Can I have label
for 171.2.2.0/24 ?
Downstream

400 IP packet

Upstream

Downstream

171.2.2.0/24

FE
C1
/La
be
l4

00

IP packet
FEC1/Label
400 F
00
EC
l9
1/ L
e
b
abe
l3
La
/
1
C
E
F
ECPacket
500 FIP
IP packet
el 3 IP packet
1 /L
/Lab
abe
l 50
EC1
F
400 0 IP Packet

LSR - 1

171.2.2.0/24
Label 200

LSR - 2

171.2.2.0/24
Label 3

LSR - 3

Label 3 has a
In MPLS/IP
Action INTer
Out
Network
special meaning. Label
face Label
It asks LSR to
500 swap
2
400
perform PHP

"Disclaimer: This document is intended for internal use only (i.e. self-study) and it is not allowed to distribute in any
shape and form for external use. Furthermore, please keep in mind that this module was designed and developed for
e-learning method. This might have an impact on the quality of the graphics in this document."

"Disclaimer: This document is intended for internal use only (i.e. self-study) and it is not allowed to distribute in any
shape and form for external use. Furthermore, please keep in mind that this module was designed and developed for
e-learning method. This might have an impact on the quality of the graphics in this document."

LDP Messages
LSR
1

LSR 2

LSP

LDP ID
VPN

2 Bytes

Hello4 Bytes

UDP port 646

Hello

TCP port 646

300

Label
LSR

888

Negotiation

LDP
TCP port 646

UDP port 646

Label Timer Values

IP packet

6 Bytes
TCP port 646

MPLS Virtual Private

Networks

Advertisement

tLDP

Notification

Label Distrib.
Method
Other
TCP port 646
TCP port 646

RSVP

MPLS VPN

P
LIGS

Resource Reservation Protocol

RESV/Label 400
400
IP Packet IPRpacket
ESV
00
9
/L a
el
bel
b
3
a
Path P
/L
ath
V
h
S
t
a
E
P
R
IP packet
900 IP Packet
IP packet

"Disclaimer: This document is intended for internal use only (i.e. self-study) and it is not allowed to distribute in any
shape and form for external use. Furthermore, please keep in mind that this module was designed and developed for
e-learning method. This might have an impact on the quality of the graphics in this document."

MP-BGP

LER

LSR

LSR

LER

"Disclaimer: This document is intended for internal use only (i.e. self-study) and it is not allowed to distribute in any
shape and form for external use. Furthermore, please keep in mind that this module was designed and developed for
e-learning method. This might have an impact on the quality of the graphics in this document."

Signaling of Labels
LSP
CE
LER1300

CE

VPN

MPLS

LSR1
888

CE

Summary

LSR2
IP packet LER2

CE

Outer LabelInner Label

LDP

TLDP

RSVP

MP-BGP

Forwarding and Control Plane

FEC: 171.2.2.0/24

In

Action Inter Out

face Label
php
3
none

Voice

Control
plane
Label
400

CE

CE
LER1

LSR1

LSR2

HeaderAXE
Mobile Networks

IP packet

LSR
LSRIP
MPLS
IGP
MPLS
(P) LDP (P)
RSVP
TLDP
Header
MP-BGP

Data
IP TV

Internet

CE
LER VPN-A
(PE)

IP packet
Internet

CE

CE
push

300 888 IP packet400 888 IP packet 888 IP packet

IP packet

IP-PABX

LER2

CE

MPLS

PABX

CE

VPN-A
LER
PSTN
Layer(PE)
2

CE

TV & Video

Mobile Networks
VPN-b

32 Bits
swap
IP-PABX

swap
php

pop
VPN-b

Forwarding plane

"Disclaimer: This document is intended for internal use only (i.e. self-study) and it is not allowed to distribute in any
shape and form for external use. Furthermore, please keep in mind that this module was designed and developed for
e-learning method. This might have an impact on the quality of the graphics in this document."

"Disclaimer: This document is intended for internal use only (i.e. self-study) and it is not allowed to distribute in any
shape and form for external use. Furthermore, please keep in mind that this module was designed and developed for
e-learning method. This might have an impact on the quality of the graphics in this document."

"Disclaimer: This document is intended for internal use only (i.e. self-study) and it is not allowed to distribute in any
shape and form for external use. Furthermore, please keep in mind that this module was designed and developed for
e-learning method. This might have an impact on the quality of the graphics in this document."