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3.1
influence them to be engaged in Farm Forestry or not and whether they can plan
any decision for the next five years. This empirical research was carried out in
three randomly selected divisional head quarters, representing three distinct
ecological zones in the Punjab province of Pakistan. For this purpose, a
comprehensive questionnaire (Appendix-I) was prepared and a number of
farmers of varying land holdings were interviewed in each zone. The
questionnaire included seven salient outcomes believes/ statements three salient
referents and seven salient control believes. The control believers included those
related to land tenure, inability to protect trees from damage, availability of barren
land, market factors and confirming the constraints of others.
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3.2
Punjab which were selected at random (Fig. 1). Three divisional head quarters;
Lahore, Bahawalpur and Faisalabad representing each zone are described
ecologically and climatically as below:
Lahore Zone
Bahawalpur Zone
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Faisalabad Zone
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Lahore
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Meteorological Data
Table-1
Minimum
Temperature C
2004-05
2005-06
9.6
8.4
12.2
14.7
19.1
16.1
23.3
22.7
26.1
27.4
27.2
26.8
27.7
27.6
26.9
26.9
26.2
24.9
19.5
21.6
15.0
16.1
10.7
9.9
Maximum
Temperature C
2004-05 2005-06
18.1
19.7
23.3
26.7
31.4
26.8
36.4
35.7
38.8
39.5
37.0
37.8
36.7
35.0
34.2
34.1
35.3
33.2
29.9
31.6
27.0
26.0
21.9
20.5
Table-2 Mean monthly rainfall (mm) during the study period (Lahore)
Year
Month
2004-2005
2005-2006
January
February
38.2
13.2
64.2
55.6
March
0.0
64.2
April
12.1
11.4
May
42.0
1.7
June
72.9
32.0
July
144.0
223.5
August
143.5
129.0
September
11.2
69.8
October
5.8
0.8
November
4.0
-1.0
December
8.3
0.0
Year Total
495.2
652.2
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Bahawalpur
Meteorological Data
Minimum
Temperature C
2004-05
2005-06
7.8
6.2
9.5
11.9
16.2
14.5
22.1
21.0
26.6
28.5
28.8
27.6
28.9
30.0
27.6
27.6
25.0
25.1
23.1
21.0
12.7
14.7
10.8
8.3
Maximum
Temperature C
2004-05 2005-06
20.4
20.7
25.9
27.1
34.2
29.1
40.5
38.7
42.1
43.6
42.4
42.0
40.7
41.0
37.9
37.7
37.1
36.7
33.1
34.5
30.8
28.4
25.1
22.8
Table-4 Mean monthly rainfall (mm) during the study period (Bahawalpur)
Year
Month
2004-2005
2005-2006
January
February
22.4
1.0
4.0
45.1
March
0.0
28.0
April
3.0
1.0
May
1.0
4.0
June
11.4
0.0
July
0.0
43.0
August
63.0
0.0
September
1.0
72.0
October
1.0
0.0
November
0.0
0.0
December
46.0
0.0
Year Total
146.8
197.3
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Faisalabad
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Meteorological Data
Table-5 Monthly minimum and maximum temperature (C)
during study period (Faisalabad)
Month
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
Minimum
Temperature C
2004-05
2005-06
5.7
5.81
7.6
8.1
13.5
13.8
20.8
20.8
28.5
26.8
28.5
28.3
27.6
27.8
27.5
27.6
24.6
23.9
19.2
19.5
12.3
11.3
6.5
6.2
Maximum
Temperature C
2004-05 2005-06
18.2
16.6
21.2
24.5
28.4
29.8
38
34.9
41.8
41.5
40.1
39
36.8
36.6
37.7
37.1
36.2
36.6
35.2
34.5
28.5
28
23.8
23
Table-6 Mean monthly rainfall (mm) during the study period (Faisalabad)
Year
Month
2004-2005
2005-2006
January
February
9.5
10.8
-1.0
-1.0
March
0.8
4.5
April
1.0
35.0
May
1.0
10.2
June
56.5
140.1
July
92.9
96.0
August
49.5
65.0
September
27.7
2.6
October
1.0
-1.0
November
1.5
-1.0
December
1.0
10.2
Year Total
249.2
363.6
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Biochemistry
and
Bioctechnology,
Uinversity
of
Agriculture,
Acacia
nilotica
(L.)
Delile,
syn.
Acacia
Arabic.
Willd.
(Family
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Florescence
Dalbergia sissoo
Seed Pods of
Dalbergia sissoo
Dalbergia sissoo
Seed pods
Acacia nilotica
Leaves/Flowers-13Acacia nilotica
Leaves
Populus deltoides
Florescence
Populus deltoides
Populus deltoides
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3.4
DNA extraction
DNA was extracted from young leaves using the N-cetyl-N, N, Ntrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) method described by (Doyle and Doyle
1990). DNA was extracted from younger leaves because good quality DNA can
be extracted as they have thin cell walls. Protocol for extraction using Qiagen
DNeasy kit is given below. In the present work both CTAB and Qiagen
DNeasy Kit were used for genomic DNA extraction according to the protocol
given below (David et al. 1996).
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Added 675ul AP3 buffer to clear lysate and miximum with tip,
flick and vortex.
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DNA Template
Taq DNA polymerase
15 ng
KCl
MgCl
50 mM
:
3 mM
dNTP
100 mM
10 per primers
0.2 mM
95 C for 5 minutes.
Denaturation
95 C for 1 minute.
Primer annealing
34 C for 1 minute.
Extension
72 C for 2 minutes.
Go to step 2, 40 times
Final Extension
72 C for 10 minutes.
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1. 100g/l
2. 50g/l
3. 25g/l
4. 12.5g/l
5. 6.25g/l
1% agarose gel was used for quantification of genomic DNA, protocol for
making for gel (appendix-II)
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