[Part A]

Surname

Name

American Academy Larnaca

Year 5 Physics
Semester 2

Test 1

Unit P3

Applications of Physics

Topic 2

X-Rays and ECGs

Topic 3

Production, uses and risks of ionizing

radiation from radioactive sources

Date: Wednesday 20/4/2016

Part A

Time: 20 minutes

The Total Marks for this part is 20.

The Total Marks for the paper is 40.
The marks for each question are shown in brackets.
Use this as a guide to how much time to spend on each question.
Questions labelled with an asterisk (*) are ones where the quality of your written
communication will be assessed.
You should take particular care with your spelling and grammar, as well as the
Clarity of expression, on these questions.
Answer the questions in the spaces provided.
There may be more space than you need.

Q1.
(a) Which one of these statements about alpha radiation is correct?
Put a cross (

) in the box next to your answer.

(1)

A
B
C
D

Alpha radiation has no charge.

Alpha radiation is very ionising.
Alpha radiation travels very far in air.
Alpha radiation is an electromagnetic wave.

(b) When an atom emits an alpha particle its nucleus changes.

Which describes the changes in the nucleus?
Put a cross ( ) in the box next to your answer.
(1)

Q2.
(a) The diagram shows the stability curve for nuclear isotopes.

Complete the sentence by putting a cross ( ) in the box next to your answer.
An isotope above the curve will undergo decay because it has
(1)
A
B
C
D

too few protons

too many protons
too few neutrons
too many neutrons

(b) Which statement is correct for + and particles?

Put a cross (

) in the box next to your answer.

(1)

A
B
C
D

a is positively charged and a is negatively charged

the mass of a + is 1800 times the mass of a
the charge on a + is twice the charge on a
a + is a proton and a is an electron

(c) Carbon-14 decays by emitting a particle to form an isotope of nitrogen.

Complete the nuclear equation for this decay by filling in the boxes.
(2)

(d) Protons and neutrons both contain quarks.

Describe the arrangement of quarks in a proton.
(2)
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(e) Explain what happens to a nucleus during + decay.
(2)
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Q3.
The photograph shows the security check-in at an airport.

An X-ray machine is used to scan luggage for dangerous items.

A metal detector is used to check people for dangerous items.
(a) Suggest why people are not scanned with X-rays in an airport but have X-rays in a hospital.
(2)
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(b) Medical staff that uses radioactive materials needs more protection than their patients.
Describe some precautions that medical staff can take to ensure their safety from radioactive materials.
(3)
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Q4.
The diagram shows X-rays being produced when fast moving electrons hit a metal target.

(i) Complete the sentence by putting a cross (

The X-rays that have most energy have the

) in the box next to your answer.

(1)

A greatest mass
B highest frequency
C highest speed
D longest wavelength
(ii) Complete the sentence by putting a cross (
Electrons travel to the target because it is

) in the box next to your answer.

(1)

A magnetised
B negatively charged
C neutral
D positively charged
(iii) Explain what is meant by thermionic emission.
(2)
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(iv) Suggest why there must be a vacuum in the glass tube.
(1)
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Mark Scheme [Part A]

Q1.

Q2.

Q3.

(b)

10

Q4.
Answer
(i)
(ii)
(iii)

(iv)

Acceptable
answers

B highest
frequency
D positively
charged
an explanation
linking:
(when) the
filament is
heated/very hot
(1)with one of:
electrons escape
(have enough
energy) (1)
electrons escape
from the surface (1)
a suggestion that
electrons do not
reach target

Mark

(1)
(1)
cathode / metal (for
filament) released
accept boil off
IGNORE produces /
emits

(2)
otherwise
electrons collide
with (air) particles
electrons are
absorbed
electrons ionise
air stops electrons
reaching target

11

(1)

[Part B]

Surname

Name

American Academy Larnaca

Year 5 Physics
Semester 2

Test 1

Unit P3

Applications of Physics

Topic 2

X-Rays and ECGs

Topic 3

Production, uses and risks of ionizing

radiation from radioactive sources

Date: Wednesday 20/4/2016

Part B

Time: 20 minutes

The Total Marks for this part is 20.

The Total Marks for the paper is 40.
The marks for each question are shown in brackets.
Use this as a guide to how much time to spend on each question.
Questions labelled with an asterisk (*) are ones where the quality of your written
communication will be assessed.
You should take particular care with your spelling and grammar, as well as the
Clarity of expression, on these questions.
Answer the questions in the spaces provided.
There may be more space than you need.

Q1.
Many different types of radiation are used by doctors.
Which type of radiation comes from radioactive sources?
Put a cross (

) in the box next to your answer.

(1)

gamma rays

ultrasound

ultraviolet

X-rays

Q2.
Pulse oximeters and ECGs are used to monitor the blood oxygen levels and heart activity of a patient.
(a) Pulse oximeters are often attached to a finger.
They use both red and infrared light.
Which of these is correct for red light and infrared radiation?
Put a cross (

) in the box next to your answer.

(1)

infrared radiation is ionising, red light is not ionising

red light can travel through a finger, infrared cannot travel through a finger

red light has a shorter wavelength than infrared

red light is ionising, infrared is not ionising

(b) A student investigates absorption of light.

Here are the results obtained, showing the intensity of light at the detector for different thicknesses of
absorber.
3

Complete the graph of intensity (y-axis) against thickness (x-axis).

Two points have been plotted.
(i) Plot the remaining points.
(2)
(ii) Draw a curve of best fit.
(1)

(iii) Find the thickness of the absorber that reduces the intensity of the light to 50% of its original
value.
(1)

........................................................... mm

(iv) Estimate the intensity of the background light during the investigation.
(1)

........................................................... mW/cm2

Q3.
Radiotherapy is often used for palliative care when cancers are incurable.
Explain how using radiotherapy in this way is helpful to patients.
(2)
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Q4.
The photograph shows a pulse oximeter. This is used to show the heart rate and the amount of oxygen
in the blood.

(a) (i) There are two LEDs used in an oximeter.

One emits visible light.
State what type of radiation the other LED emits.
(1)
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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) The oximeter shows a heart rate of 89 beats per minute.
Calculate the frequency in beats per second.
(2)

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(iii) Calculate the time between each heartbeat.
Use the equation

(2)

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6

*(b) Doctors use an electrocardiogram (ECG) machine to monitor the action of a person's heart.
Describe how a doctor can use an ECG machine to collect and display information from a person's
beating heart in order
to check heart action.
You may draw a labelled diagram to help with your answer.
(6)

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Mark Scheme [Part B]

Q1.

Q2.

Q3.

Q4.
Answer

QWC

(a)(i)
(a)(ii)

infrared (1)
89/60 (1) 1.5
(beats/second) (1)

(a)(iii)

1/1.5 (1) 0.67(s) (1)

*(b)

10

Acceptable
answers
red light
1.48
(beats/second)
Allow 1.49
1.483333etc
Accept correct
answer no working
for 2 marks
ecf
1/ 89 one mark only
Accept correct
answer no working
for 2 marks

Mark

Indicative Content

Mark

A description
including some of
the following points:
what the information
/ signal is
electrical signals
small difference
in potential (mV)
between one part of
the body and
another
signal changes
as the heart beats
are started in the
heart (right atria)
caused by
nervous impulse
action
potentialssignal in
electrodes
attached to the skin
water in the body
conducts electricity /
signal
at least two
electrodes used
electrodes
conduct electricity /
contain gelsignal out
shows heart rate
on a screen / paper
shows a
waveform on a
screen / paper

(6)

(1)

(2)

(2)

Level
1

receives small
signals which have
to be amplified
No rewardable content

0
1-2

a limited explanation e.g. it shows your

heart beat on a screen
the answer communicates ideas using
simple language and uses limited scientific
terminology
spelling, punctuation and grammar are
used with limited accuracy
2

3-4
a simple explanation e.g. it shows if your
heart is working properly by measuring heart
beat which you can see on a screen
the answer communicates ideas
showing some evidence of clarity and
organisation and uses scientific terminology
appropriately
spelling, punctuation and grammar are
used with some accuracy

5-6
a detailed explanation e.g. connects
electrodes/wires on the skin to measure
(electrical) signals of the heart in order to
assess the heart beat/heart
performance/heart condition
the answer communicates ideas clearly
and coherently uses a range of scientific
terminology accurately
spelling, punctuation and grammar are
used with few errors

11