CFA Piling RMS

SEMINAR
Introduction to Continuous Flight

Auger (CFA) piling
Thursday 21/8/2013
Facilitator: Martin Larisch
Introduction to Continuous
Flight Auger (CFA) piling
Brief History of Piling Contractors, its capabilities and market
Introduction to CFA piling
History
Piling Contractors (Qld) Pty Ltd
1995
Started as a one rig operation in Queensland in 1983
We expanded into NSW in 1999 and WA in 2006
Now work nationally

Acquired by Keller Group plc in 2006
The Keller Group
GLOBAL SCALE LOCAL FOCUS

4
The Keller Group
Safety Improvements
60.0
50.0
40.0
Incidence rate (L.T.I. Per

100 employees)
Frequency rate (L.T.I. Per 1
million Man Hours)
Severity rate (Avg. Work
days Lost Per Occurrences)
30.0
20.0
10.0
0.0
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Safety Improvements
Key Techniques
Large diameter bored piles up to 3m diameter 76m deep
Driven pre-stressed piles 550mm octagonal up to 32m single length
Continuous flight auger piles up to 1.2m diameter 32m deep
Mine Fill in joint venture with Keller Ground Engineering
Contiguous and Secant Pile Retaining Walls
Key Techniques
Diaphragm and Slurry Walls
Marine piling using leaders off falsework or barges
Driven steel tubes, sheets and steel sections and ductile piles
Large diameter shafts up to 6m diameter 76m deep
Technical Capability
Technical Activities, Representative Memberships and Industry Engagement

We take a lead role in the technical activities of the Piling and Foundation
Specialists Federation (PFSF) and the Concrete Institute of Australia (CIA).
Many of our engineering staff are Members of the major national and
international professional institutions.
We have a Graduate Training programme approved by Engineers Australia

to train new graduates and technicians in our speciality, building the future
engineers and managers of our industry.
R&D / Technical Papers
Our staff publish and present technical papers at local, regional and
international seminars and conferences and we maintain a strong
commitment to research and development.
10
National Coverage
11
Non displacement piles - Continuous Flight Auger (CFA) piles
12
13
Pile types and pile systems (AS2159-2009)

Displacement piles
Driven piles
Screw auger piles
Non-displacement systems
Conventional bored piles
CFA piles
Barrettes
Hard rock drilling
14

(process after Brueckner Grundbau)
15

(process after Brueckner Grundbau)
16

(Schematic of the CFA auger after Slatter, 2000)
17

(Forces acting on the auger during augering after Viggiani, 1993)
Q = Pull down force applied by piling rig

M = Torque applied by piling rig
P = Soil resistance at auger tip
N = Auger weight
z = auger length / drill depth
= Friction between surrounding soil and soil in auger
l = auger pitch
d = Outer auger diameter
d0 = Auger stem diameter
18
Non displacement piles - Continuous Flight Auger piles (Introduction)

CFA piles were developed in the 1940s in the USA, introduction in Europe during
early 1970s with the invention of the first hydraulic piling rigs
The system has been available in Australia since the 1980s
Possible diameters for CFA piles:
450mm 1200mm
Standard diameters in Australia are 450, 600, 750, 900 and 1200mm
Depth up to 35m and more possible
Common depth up to 20m with standard equipment
Common diameters 450, 600, 750 and 900mm
19
Non displacement piles - Continuous Flight Auger piles (Applications)

CFA piles are commonly used as foundation piles for:
Buildings and bridges
Pile rafts
CFA piles are used for retaining structures as:
Soldier piles
Contiguous piles
Secant piles
Pile loads are usually smaller than for conventional bored piles but generally
bigger than for auger displacement piles
20
Soldier pile wall
Contiguous pile wall
Secant pile wall
21
Retaining structures (e.g. secant pile wall)
22

CFA piles are suitable for:
Generally for all types of structures with low to medium vertical loads
Penetration and removal of underground obstructions
Piles with single length reinforcement cages up to 18m
CFA piles should be considered carefully for:
Soft soil conditions or contaminated ground
High strength rock
Piles next to existing buildings
Strata which require penetration of stiff layers
Raked piles
23
Non displacement piles - Continuous Flight Auger piles

(Advantages & Disadvantages)
Advantages:
Very cost effective piling system with high production rates
Installation in stiff soils / weak rock possible
Suitable for changing and non-homogenous ground conditions
Disadvantages:
Cage installation after pouring process might be difficult
Limited capacity for bending moments, lateral forces and tension forces
Might cause uncontrolled over excavation if penetration rate is not constant
24
Non displacement piles - Continuous Flight Auger piles

(Suitable ground conditions)
CFA piles are suitable for:
Medium to very dense sands / gravels
Stiff to hard clays
Generally all types of weak or weathered rock (exception see below)
Installation below the ground water table
CFA piles are NOT suitable for:
High strength, unfractured rock
Soft soil conditions
Changing strata
25
Load transfer through CFA piles

Loads will be transferred through skin friction and / or base resistance
26
Non displacement piles - Continuous Flight Auger piles (Risks)

Stationary augers used to transport loose granular material and water
27

CFA augers are soil conveyors!
Signs of severe side loading can include:
Surface coning/depressions
Difficulty extracting augers
Unexpectedly high torque demand on machine
28

Risk of over-excavation in loose sand layers
29

Piles drilled too close can result in concrete blow through
Concrete
Sand
layer
30
Non displacement piles - Continuous Flight Auger piles (Risks B63)

Second pass as per B63 Clause 6.2.3:
To ensure the base of the pile socket is clean, adopt a multi-pass technique
using a minimum of two passes. After commencement of discharge of
concrete withdraw the auger 500 mm and drill back down to the toe of the pile
to pick up any contaminated concrete before re-commencing concreting of the
pile. Verify the use of the multi-pass technique from the pile monitoring
records."
31
Non displacement piles - Continuous Flight Auger piles (Quality control)

Operator controls operations via computer data
32

Computer monitoring systems are common for some systems to monitor:
Depth, penetration rate & extraction rate
Torque
Pull down forces
Rotation
Concrete Volume
33
Non displacement piles

Continuous Flight Auger piles
(Quality control)
Pile record sheet
34

Breakout (Clause 6.2.2)
No breakouts are to be performed RMS needs to ask for documentation of
contractors at tender time to ensure contractors provide suitable equipment
Concrete life (Clause 6.2.3)
Concrete life should be extended to 4 hours. With current concrete technology
this can be achieved easily. 45 minutes is not realistic in some remote
locations or inner city projects
Concrete oversupply should be at least 5% (not 8%) but could be as much as
40% (function of soil conditions)
35

Concrete pressure (Clause 6.2.3)
Concrete pressure can be zero as sensor is located at the top of the mast. If
the stem is filled with concrete the pressure sensor shows zero but concrete is
still delivered to the pile via gravitational forces
Different rig monitoring systems monitor data in different ways, it is important
to understand the particular monitoring system when analysing the installation
records
Monitoring (Clause 6.3 (f))
Monitoring mm/rev is unusual, better monitor rev/m or rev/min
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Concrete quality is crucial (workability, strength, pump-ability, bleeding)
37

Computer monitoring systems:
PDA & CAPWAP
Pile-top Force Comparison
Load-settlement response
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Low strain integrity tests (PIT)
39
What else:
Importance of safe working platforms (typically 400 kPa platform requirement)
Get early involvement of a piling specialist
Compare what you get for your money
Rigs and technologies are readily available, look for specialists knowledge
Keep in mind rigs are very heavy high tech machines when you specify tolerances
outside the Australian Standards or code of practice
Any further questions?
40
Feedback & Discussion:
Did the presentation meet your expectations?

What do take home?
Any further questions?
41
Thanks for your active

participation and attention
SEMINAR
Introduction to Continuous Flight
Auger (CFA) piling
Thursday 21/8/2014
Facilitators: Martin Larisch
42

CFA Piling RMS

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SEMINAR

Introduction to Continuous Flight

Brief History of Piling Contractors, its capabilities and market

Introduction to CFA piling

Piling Contractors (Qld) Pty Ltd

Started as a one rig operation in Queensland in 1983

We expanded into NSW in 1999 and WA in 2006

Now work nationally

The Keller Group

GLOBAL SCALE LOCAL FOCUS

The Keller Group

Incidence rate (L.T.I. Per

Large diameter bored piles up to 3m diameter 76m deep

Driven pre-stressed piles 550mm octagonal up to 32m single length

Continuous flight auger piles up to 1.2m diameter 32m deep

Mine Fill in joint venture with Keller Ground Engineering

Contiguous and Secant Pile Retaining Walls

Diaphragm and Slurry Walls

Marine piling using leaders off falsework or barges

Large diameter shafts up to 6m diameter 76m deep

Technical Activities, Representative Memberships and Industry Engagement

We have a Graduate Training programme approved by Engineers Australia

Non displacement piles - Continuous Flight Auger (CFA) piles

Non displacement piles - Continuous Flight Auger (CFA) piles

Pile types and pile systems (AS2159-2009)

Non displacement piles - Continuous Flight Auger (CFA) piles

Non displacement piles - Continuous Flight Auger (CFA) piles

Non displacement piles - Continuous Flight Auger (CFA) piles

Non displacement piles - Continuous Flight Auger (CFA) piles

Q = Pull down force applied by piling rig

Non displacement piles - Continuous Flight Auger piles (Introduction)

Non displacement piles - Continuous Flight Auger piles (Applications)

Non displacement piles - Continuous Flight Auger piles (Applications)

Soldier pile wall

Contiguous pile wall

Secant pile wall

Retaining structures (e.g. secant pile wall)

Non displacement piles - Continuous Flight Auger piles (Applications)

Non displacement piles - Continuous Flight Auger piles

Non displacement piles - Continuous Flight Auger piles

Load transfer through CFA piles

Non displacement piles - Continuous Flight Auger piles (Risks)

Non displacement piles - Continuous Flight Auger piles (Risks)

Non displacement piles - Continuous Flight Auger piles (Risks)

Non displacement piles - Continuous Flight Auger piles (Risks)

Non displacement piles - Continuous Flight Auger piles (Risks B63)

Non displacement piles - Continuous Flight Auger piles (Quality control)

Non displacement piles - Continuous Flight Auger piles (Quality control)

Non displacement piles

Non displacement piles - Continuous Flight Auger piles (Risks B63)

Non displacement piles - Continuous Flight Auger piles (Risks B63)

Non displacement piles - Continuous Flight Auger piles (Quality control)

Non displacement piles - Continuous Flight Auger piles (Quality control)

Pile-top Force Comparison

Non displacement piles - Continuous Flight Auger piles (Quality control)

Feedback & Discussion:

Did the presentation meet your expectations?

Thanks for your active

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