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Quanta de Energa E=hv
E=h
Momento de un Fotn
p=
Ecuacin de Schrdinger
2
(x,t )
2 ( x )
+V ( x ) ( x , t )= j
2
2m x
t
2 ( x ) 2m
+ 2 ( EV ( x )) ( x ) =0
x2
g ( E )=
4 ( 2 m)
h3
3
2
gc ( E )=
3
2
n
4 (2 m
h
EE c
gv ( E )=
4 (2 m
h
3
2
p
Ev E
Probabilidad de Fermi-Dirac
N (E)
=f F ( E )=
g (E)
1
EEF
1+exp
kT
Semiconductor en Equilibrio
Distribucin de Electrones en la Capa de Conduccin
n ( E )=g c ( E ) f F (E)
Distribucin de Portadores en la Capa de Valencia
p ( E )=gc ( E ) [1f F ( E ) ]
Concentracin de Electrones en Equilibrio Trmico
n0= g c ( E ) f F ( E ) dE
n0=N c exp
( E c EF )
kT
p0=N V exp
( E F EV )
kT
N CF N VF =N C N VF
T BUSCADA
300 K
3/ 2
( EC E V )
E g
= N C N V exp
kT
kT
( )
Nv 1
mp
mp
1
1
3
3
E Fi= ( EC + EV ) + kT ln
= ( EC + E V ) + kT ln =Emidgap + kT ln
2
2
Nc 2
4
mn
4
mn
( )
( )
Energa de Ionizacin.
E=T +V =
m e 4
2 ( nh )2 (4 )2
n0=N c exp
( E c EF )
p0=N v exp
kT
( E F EV )
kT
=no p o
Probabilidad de un electrn donante
nd =
Nd
E E F
1
1+ exp d
2
kT
( )
nd =N d N d
Probabilidad de un tomo aceptante
pa =
Na
E Ea
1
1+ exp F
g
kT
pa=N aN a
Probabilidad de un electrn donante en contraste con el total.
nd
=
n0 +nd
1
N
( E c Ed )
1+ c exp
2Nd
kT
*Donde el factor
( Ec E d )
es la energa de ionizacin.
pa
=
p0 + p a
1
N
(E aE v )
1+ v exp
g Na
kT
*Donde el factor
( Ea Ev )
es la energa de ionizacin. Y
n0=
( N d N a)
+
2
N d N a 2 2
+ni
2
( N N d )
p0= a
+
2
N aN d 2 2
+ni
2
Ec E F =kT ln
Nc
n0
( )
Ec E F =kT ln
E FE Fi=kT ln
Nc
Nd
( )
n0
ni
( )
E FE v =kT ln
E FE v =kT ln
E FiEF =kT ln
Nv
Na
( )
p0
ni
( )
J ndrf = v dn=
A
cm2
A
cm2
v dp = p E
Velocidad de Deriva Promedio con Movilidad de Electrones
Nv
p0
( )
v dn=n E
Densidad de Corriente de Deriva
J ndrf =e n nE
J pdrf =e p pE
Densidad de Corriente de Deriva Total
e ( p p+ n n ) E
J drf =
Conductividad
J drf =e ( n n+ p p ) E=E
Resistividad
1
1
= =
e ( n n+ p p ) E
V bi =| Fn|+| Fp|
V bi =
Na Nd
NaNd
kT
ln
=V t ln
2
e
ni
n2i
( )
V bi =| ( x=x n )|=
Potencial
( )
e
(N x2 + N a x 2p )
2 s d n
Fn
e Fn=E Fi E F
n0=N d=ni exp
( (ekT ) )
Fn
Fn=
Potencial
N
kT
ln d
e
ni
( )
Fn
e Fp=E Fi E F
p0=N a =ni exp
( (ekT ) )
Fp
Fp =
E=
e N d
( x nx ) 0 x x n
s
Na
+kT
ln
e
ni
( )
E=
e N a
( x+ x p ) x p x 0
s
( x )=
eNd
x2 e N a 2
x n x +
x (0 x x n )
s
2
s p
(x)=
e N a
2
x+ x p ) x p x 0
(
2 s
V bi =| ( x=x n )|=
e
( N x 2 + N a x 2p )
2 s d n
{ [ ][
1
N a+ N d
{ [ ][
1
N a+ N d
2 s V bi N a
x n=
e
Nd
2 s V bi N d
x p=
e
Na
1/ 2
]}
1/ 2
]}
Regin de Agotamiento
W =x n + x p
{ [
2 s V bi N a + N d
W=
e
Na Nd
1 /2
]}
Polarizacin Inversa
Regin de Agotamiento
bi+ V R
2 s 1 /2
W =
Campo Elctrico en Unin Metalrgica
Emax =
e N a x p e N d x n
=
s
s
V
( bi+V R ) N a N d
2e
s
N a+ N d
Emax =
Emax =
2(V bi +V R )
W
V
( bi+V R ) N a
2 s
e
Nd
x n=
[ ][
1
Na+ Nd
Capacitancia
'
C=
dQ '
d VR
d Q' =e N d d x n=e N a d x p
V
2( bi+V R )( N a+ N d )
e s Na N d
C' =
C' =
s
W
1/ 2
2 s (V bi +V R )
W
eNd
e s Nd
C'
2(V bi+V R )
DIODO
n p 0=nn 0 exp
e V bi
kT
Polarizacin Directa
bi
n0
n p =nn 0 exp
( ekTV )
eV
exp (
kT )
n p =n p 0 exp
pn= pn 0
[ ( ) ] ( )
pn ( x )= pn ( x ) p n 0= pn 0 exp
J Total =J p ( x n )+ J n (x p )
eV a
x x
1 exp n
(x x n )
kT
Lp
J p ( x n) =
J p (x p ) =
J Total =
[ ( ) ]
[ ( ) ]
e D p pn0
eVa
exp
1
Ln
kT
e D p np0
eVa
exp
1
Lp
kT
][ ( ) ]
e Dp np0 e D p pn0
eVa
+
exp
1
Lp
Ln
kT
[ ( ) ]
J =J s exp
eVa
1
kT
Longitudes de Difusin
L p= D p p 0
Ln = D n n 0
Transistor Bipolar
Corriente de Colector
ic =
e D n A BE
V BE
nB 0 exp
xB
Vt
( )
i c =I s exp
V BE
Vt
( )
iC
iE
iC
iB
V BE
Vt
( )
Voltaje en un transistor de
manera activa
V CC =I C RC +V CB +V BE=V R +V CE
n B ( x ) =A exp
nB 0n B 0 exp
A=
2 sinh
xB
LB
( )
[ ( ) ] ( )
nB 0 exp
B=
e V BE
x
1 exp B + nB 0
kT
LB
2 sinh
{[
nB 0 exp
n B (x )=
xB
LB
( )
] ( ) ( )}
e V BE
x x
x
1 sinh B
sinh
kT
LB
LB
( )
2 sinh
xB
LB
( )
p E ( x ' ) =C exp
+x'
x '
+ D exp
LE
LE
( )
{[ ( ) ] ( )}
p E 0 exp
p E ( x ' )=
( )
e V BE
x x '
1 sinh E
kT
LE
sinh
xE
LE
( )
C0
Densidad de Corrientes
Densidad
de
Corriente
Definicin
J nE
J nC
J RB
J pE
JR
J pc0
JG
0=
0=
0=
J C J nC + J G + J pc 0
=
J E J nE + J R +J pE
J nC
J nE
)( )(
J nE +J pE
= T
J nE+ J pE+ J R
J nE
J nE + J pE
IC
IE
1
para ( x B L B ) , ( x E L E )
N B D E xB
1+
N E D B xE
1
1 xB
1+
2 LB
( )
para (x B L B)
=
1+
Jr 0
e V BE
exp
Js 0
2 kT
Expresiones adicionales
J R=
e x BE ni
e V BE
e V BE
exp
=J r 0 exp
2 0
2 kT
2 kT
J nE=J s 0
s 0=
e D BnB0
LB tanh
J
xB
LB
( )
( )
eV
exp (
2 kT )
BE
( )
MOSFETS
Capacitancia por rea de Capacitor MOS
C' =
'
'
Q =C V y V =
E
d
fp =E Fi E F
fp =V t ln
Na
ni
( )
2 s s
x d=
e Na
1/ 2
x dT =
4 s fp
e Na
1 /2
|Q' SD (max)|=e N a x dT
Voltaje de Umbral
V TN =V oxT + 2 fp + ms
V TN =
Cox
ms
+ 2 fp =(|Q' SD (max)|Q' SS )
t ox
+ ms+ 2 fp
ox
( )
V TN
Q' SD (max)|
|
=
+V
C ox
FB
+2 fp
Potencial en el xido
V oxT =
Q ' mT
Cox
Corriente de Dren
I D =g d V DS
gd =
W
|Q' |
L n n
Voltaje de Saturacin
V DS ( sat ) =V T V GS
Corriente cuando no est en Saturacin
I D=
W n C ox
2 ( V GS V T ) V DSV DS2 ]
[
2L
Corriente en Saturacin
I D=
W n C ox
2
V GSV T ) ]
(
[
2L
Transconductancia
gm=
I D W n C OX
=
V DS
V GS
L
V
( GSV T )
I D W n C OX
gm=
=
V GS
L