PHYSICS 1210 Exam 4

University of Wyoming
7 May 2013
150 points
This test is open-note and closed-book. Calculators are permitted but computers are not. No
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g = 9.80 m/s2 1 radian = 57.3
1 mi = 1.609 km
1 m = 39.37 in = 3.28 ft
3
3
water = 1000 kg/m
sea water = 1030 kg/m
ice = 920 kg/m3
air = 1.20 kg/m3
3
3
iron = 7800 kg/m
lead = 11300 kg/m
11
G = 6.6743 10 Nm2/kg2 msun = 1.991030 kg mearth = 5.971024 kg mmoon = 7.351022 kg
mmars = 6.421023 kg
mproton = 1.67261027 kg
melectron = 9.1091031 kg


Krot = 12 I 2 ; P = zz
A B AB sin ; A B

v dr dt; a dv dt d 2r dt 2
v = v0 + at
x = x0 + v0t + 1/2 at2
v2 v02 = 2a (xx0)
F ma dp dt dU dr
Ffriction = N
r2
W = F ds
r1
r
r sin
2
1

K trans 2 mv
r cos
Wtot = K

P dW dt F v z
p mv
J

t2
t1

L r p I= L0 dt

dL dt r F FL sin I
Iparticle = mr2; I = Ii; I r 2 dm

Iparallel axis = Icm + Md2

Irod about center = 1/12 ML2
Irod about end = 1/3 ML2
Isolid cylinder = 1/2 MR2; Icylindrical shell = MR2
Isolid sphere = 2/5 MR2; Ispherical shell = 2/3 MR2
Rolling w/o slipping: s = r; v = r; a = r
p = p0 + gh
Fbuoyancy = gV
dV1 dt A1v1 A2v2 dV2 dt
p1 gy1 12 v12 p2 gy2 12 v 22
Fgravity = r GMm/r2 mgj
Ugravity = GMm/r mgy
vescape = 2GM R
GMR
v
orbit =

Fdt p

rcm mi ri mi
Fel = kx or el =

Uel 12 kx 2 or U el 12 2

= 0 + 0t + 1/2 t2
aradial v 2 r = 2r = v
= s/r; = d/dt = v/r; = d/dt = a||/r
2
dW z dz ; W z dz
1

3
Torbit = 2 R
GM

(continued on reverse)

SHM x(t) = A cos(t + ); k /m

torsional t) = cos(t + ); /I
Pendulums: simple g L
mgd
physical
Icm
md 2

k
b2
damped oscillation '

m 4m 2
(b / 2m)t
cos('t )
light x(t) Ae
critical x(t) C1 C2t e t
over x(t)
C1e1t C2e2t
2
2
wave equation y 1 y
x 2 v 2 t 2

wave y(x, t) = A cos(kx t + )

k = 2/; = 2/T
wave
speed v = /k = /T = F
P(x, t) = F 2 A 2 sin2 kx t
Pavg = 12 F 2 A 2
2
P

; I1 I2 R22 R1
I
2
4r
Decibels (10 dB)log10 I I0

I
R
1 2 (10 dB)log10 1 (20 dB)log10 2
I2
R1

pressure p(x, t) = BkA sin(kx t + )

2
2
p max
p max
2 2
1
I 2 B A

2 v 2 B
standing y(x, t) = 2A sin(kx) sin(t)
2 1 2
beats y(x, t) = 2Acos 1
cos

2 2
fbeat = |f1 f2|
v vD
Doppler shift f D f S
v vS

Name:

Key A

1. (7 points) The gravitational field g at the surface of the moon is about 1/6 what it is
at the surface of the earth. A physical pendulum on the moon would have a frequency of
oscillation that is
a. 1/6 its frequency of oscillation on earth.
b. 1 6 its frequency of oscillation on earth.

c.
d.
e.
f.

6 times its frequency of oscillation on earth.

The same as its frequency of oscillation on earth.
6 times its frequency of oscillation on earth.
36 times its frequency of oscillation on earth.

mgd
. Frequency
I cm md 2
is proportional to , which is
2 = /I =

proportional to g.

2. (7 points) A mass hanging on a spring oscillates up-and-down. If this same spring

and mass were operated on the surface of the moon, where the gravitational field g is
about 1/6 what it is on earth, its frequency of oscillation would be
a. The same as its frequency of oscillation on earth.
b. 1 6 its frequency of oscillation on earth.

c. 6 times its frequency of oscillation on earth.

d. 6 times its frequency of oscillation on earth.
e. 1/6 its frequency of oscillation on earth.
f. 36 times its frequency of oscillation on earth.

3.

2 = k/m. The gravitational field

changes the location of the
equilibrium, but does not change k.

(7 points) When an oscillator is damped, that means

a. it has been lubricated to move more smoothly.

b. its restoring force constant k is made smaller.
c. a force opposing its velocity is present.

Thats the velocity-dependent force

bv.

d. a force opposing displacement (distortion) is present.

4. (7 points) An oscillator following the net force equation ma = kx bv with

parameter values m = 5 kg, k = 100 N/m, and b = 40 Ns/m is considered
a.
b.
c.
d.

critically damped.
lightly damped.
undamped.
over-damped.

PHYS 1210-02 Exam 4

If the radicand k/m b2/4m2 is positive, the oscillator is

lightly damped. If it is zero, the oscillator is critically
damped; if it is negative, the oscillator is over-damped.
If b = 0, there is no damping.
Here, k/m =20 /s2 and b2/4m2 = 16 /s2.

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(8 points) Two coil springs are connected end-to-end and stretched to the same tension.
When stretched this way, spring 1 has length density 1 = 0.20 kg/m and spring 2 has
length density 2. A transverse wave that travels along spring 1 with speed v1 = 3.0 m/s
propagates into spring 2, where it travels with speed v2 = 4.0 m/s. What is the length
density 2 of spring 2?
a. 0.15 kg/m.
d. 0.17 kg/m.

b. 0.36 kg/m.
e. 0.11 kg/m.

c. 0.24 kg/m.
f. 0.27 kg/m.

v F , so = F/v2. Thus 2 = 1(v1/v2)2 = (0.20)(3/4)2 kg/m = 0.1125 kg/m.

5. (7 points) The speed of sound in air is fastest when the air is

a. at low pressure.
b. at high pressure.

The speed of sound in a gas depends on the speed of

the gas molecules, but not on the pressure.

c. at high temperature.
d. at low temperature.

6. (7 points) Sound waves can be thought of both as varying displacements of

molecules from their equilibrium positions and as varying pressures of the air from its
equilibrium pressure. How is the phase of the displacement related to the phase of the
pressure?
a. They are in phase: displacement is greatest where pressure is greatest.
b. They are 180 out of phase: displacement is greatest where pressure is lowest, and
displacement is least where pressure is highest.
c. They are 90 out of phase: displacement is greatest where pressure is normal, and
displacement is zero where pressure is highest.
d. The displacement and pressure waves travel in opposite directions.

7. (10 points) A particular transverse wave is described by the displacement equation

y = A cos(kxt). Five formulas are given below. Draw a line from each formula on the
left to the property of the wave it computes on the right.

/k

transverse velocity

Ak sin(kxt)

curvature

A2 cos(kxt)

propagation velocity

Ak2 cos(kxt)

transverse acceleration

+A sin(kxt)

slope

PHYS 1210-02 Exam 4

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8. (7 points) A particular longitudinal wave propagating in the +x direction is described

by the displacement equation y = A cos(kxt). What are the i and j components at
time t of a particle which, when at rest, is located at position x i + 0 j ?

a. y i + x j .
b. 0 i + (x+y) j .
c. x i + (x+y) j .
d. y i + 0 j .
e.
(x+y) i + 0 j .
f.
x i + y j .

9. (8 points) Amy and Ben are observing an air show. When a plane takes off from the
runway, Amy, 70 m distant, hears the sound at an intensity of 98 dB. Ben hears the same
sound at an intensity of 95 dB. How far is Ben from the source of the sound?
a. 72.2 m.
c. 35.1 m.
e. 140 m.

b. 71.0 m.
d. 98.9 m.
f. 49.6 m.

1 2 = (10 dB)log10(I1/I2) = (10 dB)log10(R22/R12) = (20 dB)log10(R2/R1).

Here, we know R1, 1, and 2, and need to find R2. Solving for R2 obtains

1 2

R
log10 2
20 dB
R1

1
2
R2
10 20 dB
R1

1 2

R2 R1 10 20 dB

Here, R1 = 70 m, 1 = 98 dB, and 2 = 95 dB, so R2 = (70 m)10^(3/20) = 98.88 m.

PHYS 1210-02 Exam 4

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10. (25 points) On the planet Arrakis a male ornithoid is flying toward his mate at a
speed of 25.0 m/s while singing at a frequency of 1200 Hz. If the stationary female hears
a tone of 1250 Hz, what is the speed of sound?
11.
This is a Doppler shift. The fundamental equation is

fD fS

v vD
.
v vS

Here, the detector is motionless and we know fD = 1250 Hz, fS = 1200 Hz, and vS =
25.0 m/s. We want to find v.

f D v f D vS f S v f S vD
f D v f S v f D vS f S vD
v

f D vS f S vD
fD
vS
fD fS
fD fS

So v = (25 m/s)(1250/50) = 625 m/s.

PHYS 1210-02 Exam 4

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(25 points) A spring with a spring constant k = 300 N/m hangs at rest from a fixed
support. A weight with a mass of 12.0 kg is attached to the bottom end of the spring and
allowed to drop.
a. (5 points) How far does the spring stretch when the net force on the weight is zero?

kx

mg = kx so x = mg/k = (12.0 kg)(9.8 N.kg)/(300 N/m) = 0.392 m.

mg

b. (10 points) What is the amplitude of the weights up-and-down oscillation?

The amplitude is the maximum displacement from equilibrium, which is 0.392 m.
The weight oscillates up-and-down up to its starting height, through the equilibrium
point, and down to an equal distance below the equilibrium point.

c. (10 points) What is the frequency of the weights up-and-down oscillation?

The angular frequency comes from 2 = k/m = (300 N/m)/(12.0 kg) = 25 /s2. So

= 5 /s, and
f = /2 = 0.796 Hz.

PHYS 1210-02 Exam 4

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12. (25 points) An ant stands peacefully on top of a horizontal, stretched rope. The rope
has mass per unit length and is under tension F. Without warning, cousin
Throckmorton starts a sinusoidal transverse wave of wavelength and amplitude A
propagating along the rope. The motion of the rope is in a vertical plane.
a. (8 points) What is the period of the wave? Express your answer in terms of some or
all of the quantities , F, , A, and any necessary constants.
The period T is accessible through the propagation speed and the wavelength. The
propagation speed v = /T, so T = /v. The speed is determined by the length density
and tension of the rope, v = F . Substituting yields T F .
Its always a good idea to check that the units give the correct type of quantity.

b. (8 points) What is the ants maximum transverse (vertical) acceleration ay? Again,
express your answer in terms of some or all of the quantities , F, , A, and any
necessary constants.
For a wave described by y = A cos(kx wt), the transverse acceleration is ay = 2y/t2 =
Aw2 cos(kx wt), which has the maximum value A2. The angular frequency = 2/T,
so 2 = 42/T2 = 42F/(2). Thus
Max ay =

4 2 AF

Its always a good idea to check that the units give the correct type of quantity.

c. (9 points) What minimum amplitude A of the wave will render the ant momentarily
weightless at one point in the cycle? Assume that the ants mass is too small to
significantly influence the motion of the rope. Express your answer in terms of some or
all of the quantities , F, , and any necessary constants.
Here we are looking for the conditions that will give ay = g when ay is maximally negative.
This simply requires setting max ay = +g and solving for A.

4 2 AF

2 g
A
4 2 F
Its always a good idea to check that the units give the correct type of quantity.

PHYS 1210-02 Exam 4

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