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1. A. Facial hemithypertrophy
Facial hemihypertrophy perfectly matches, facial hemiatrophy
occurs more frequently on the left side of the face and cleft lip
and palate is commoner in males.
2.B. Adenoid cystic carcinoma
Signs & Symptoms
Early lesions of the salivary glands present as painless masses
of the mouth or face, usually growing slowly. Advanced tumors
may present with pain and/or nerve paralysis, for this neoplasm
has a propensity to invade peripheral nerves. Tumors of the
lacrimal gland may present as proptosis and changes in vision.
ACC arising in the tracheobronchial tree may present with
respiratory symptoms, while tumors arising in the larynx may
lead to changes in speech.
3. A. If an object is placed buccal to a reference structure, it
appears to move distally when X-ray tube is moved mesially
SLOB-Same lingual, opposite buccal
4. C. both 1 and 2 influence pulp inflammation
Both features leave the pulp with little or no ability to tolerate
oedema
5.C. Aneurysmal bone cyst
Ameloblastic Fibroma- usually in the mandible, especially in the
premolar/molar area. Slow growing, and causes painless
expansion of the jaw. Radiographically presents as welldefined
area that may be either uniloclear or multiloclear. Odontogenic
Keratocyst- (primordial cysts) 70-80 in the mandible and about
50% of those at the angle. More common in males. Peak
incidence in the second and third decades. Expansile and teeth
may be displaced. Some cysts appear to surround the crown of
an unerupted tooth. Histological characteristic is the structure of
the epithelial lining. Aneurysmal Bone Cyst - Blood containing
intrabony lesions. Rare in the jaws but the mandible is affected
twice as often as the maxilla. The majority of the patients are
under 20 years of age. Typically painless swelling. May be
migration of the teeth. Uniloclear or multiloclear.
Macroscopically the lesion has a thin shell of subperiosteal new
bone and soft tissue containing blood filled spaces.
Multinucleated giant cells may be numerous. Dentigerous CystSurrounds the crown and is attached to the neck of an unerupted
tooth. Twice as common in men. Most seen in the second and
fourth decade of life. Uniloclear well defined area.
Ameloblastoma- Slow growing painless expansion usually in
patients between 20 and 50. Most commonly multiloclear cystic
radiolucency with a distinct radiopaque margin. May contain an
unerupted tooth.
6. D. is more painful
7. C. Acute lymph nodular pharyngitis
8. D Sucrose
9. B. Cysticercosis
Tapeworm infestation in oro facial region generally manifests
without any clinical symptoms. Occupation ( Butcher) is a
predisposing factor.
10. C. Use in edentulous mouth
11. B. Zygomatic arch
Jung Handle view , a modification of the SMV view, shows a
symmetrical axial view of the zygomatic arches.The exposure
time for the zygomatic arches is reduced to approximately onethird the normal exposure time for a SMV projection.

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12. A. hard palate

13. D. None of the above
Talons cusp can project from maxillary or mandibular permanent
insisors
14.C. A crisis may be precipitated by odontogenic infections.
A crisis may be precipitated by odontogenic infections.
Dental management of the patient with sickle cell anemia must
include good dental repair and prevention. An oral infection can
precipitate a crisis. Radiographs may appear as a step-ladder due to
compensatory marrow expansion. The lamina dura may appear more
dense and distinct. Patients often have delayed eruption of teeth and
dental hypoplasia. Patients with sickle cell anemia also may show
pallor and evidence of jaundice in the oral tissues. The use of nitrous
oxide is not contraindicated. It is recommended to use 50% oxygen
with a high flow rate. There is no indication for prophylactic
antibiotic coverage. Dental Management of the Medically
Compromised Patient,
15.C.pulpitis
16. D. Trauma
17. A. Masseter
Due to trauma to the masseter hence trismus.
18. D. None of the above
Tongue coating is a sensitive indicator of the state of Hydration
of the patient
19. C. Chromosome mutations
Chromosome mutations are result of genetic effects from radiation
exposure
20. D. cosmetic recontouring
21. C. Dentin dysplasia
Especially so in type I as the teeth have very short roots.
22. B. 0.1ppm
23. D. Tip of the nose
Involvement of the tip of the nose suggest the involvement of naso
ciliary branch of the fifth cranial nerve, suggesting potential for
ocular infection that may lead to permanent blindness
24. D. Chondroectodermal dysplasia
Clinical Features
Post-axial polydactyly in the hands, i.e. an extra finger lateral to the
normal fifth finger, is a consistent finding. Polydactyly in the feet is a
rare finding. The bone dysplasia is characterized by acromesomelia,
i.e. relative shortening of the distal (acromelic) and middle
(mesomelic) segments, as opposed to the proximal (rhizomelic)
segments. This is especially demonstrated in the hand, where the
distal and middle phalangeal segments are proportionately shorter
than the proximal segments, which may interfere with the ability to
make a tight fist. There may be a valgus deformity of the knees that
develops, frequently progressing and causing a significant
malalignment. The nails of the fingers and toes are dysplastic
The lip deformity, often referred to as a "partial hairlip", results from
an abnormally short upper lip which may also be sunken secondary
to hypoplasia of the maxilla. The teeth are affected, with eruption
occurring at birth or shortly thereafter. Congenital heart defects may
include hypoplasia of the aorta, atrial and ventricular septal defects,
and a single atrium
25. D. All of the above
Lichen planus is a relatively common condition affecting the skin
and oral tissues in adult patients. The classic lesions of oral lichen

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planus are characterized by white linear and annular papules,

primarily affecting the buccal mucosa. The lips, tongue and
palate can also be involved. Other less common forms of the
idsease have been identified. Terms such as Bullous, erosive,
atrophic and hypertrophic have been used to describe the clinical
appearance of the lesion. Because of the varied appearance of
the disease,a diagnosis of lichen planus can only be confirmed
with biopsy and histologic evaluation.

release in the skin. Geniculate ganglion is associated with the facial

nerve.

26. C. immunoglobulin light chains

The proteins are antibody immunoglobulin free light chains
(paraproteins) and are produced by neoplastic plasma cells A
quantitative Bence-Jones protein test measures the specific level
of abnormal proteins (Bence-Jones proteins) in urine.

36. D. Erythema multiforme

Agranulocytosis may be asymptomatic, but may clinically present
with sudden fever, rigors and sore throat. Infection of any organ may
be rapidly progressive (e.g. pneumonia, urinary tract infection).
Septicemia may also progress rapidly whereas Erythema multiforme
is a type of hypersensitivity (allergic) reaction that occurs in response
to medications, infections, or illness

27. B. Type II dentin dyplasia

Type II dentin dysplasia also referred to as coronal dentin
dysplasia, in D I they may become obliterated before eruption
only.
28. A. geographic tongue
Geographic tongue is a condition referred to by a variety of
terms such as: benign migratory glossitis, erythema migrans,
annulus migrans, or wandering rash of the tongue. It is
a benigncondition commonly occurring on the tip, lateralborders,
and dorsum of the tongue; lesions sometimes extend to the
ventral portion as well.
29. D. None of the above
30. B. The quantity of electrons
As the mA setting is increased, more power is applied to the
filament, which heats up and releases more electrons that collide
with the target to produce radiation. Therefore the quantity of
radiation produced by an X-ray tube is directly proportional to
the tube current and the time for which the tube is operated. The
quantity of radiation produced is expressed as the product of
time and tube current.
31. C. Cholesterol clefts
32. C. genial tubercle
The genial tubercles are small bony spines found on the lingual
aspect of the mandible adjacent to the midline at the attachment
of the geniohyoid and genioglossus muscles.
33. C. gasserian ganglion
Recurrent herpes infection of the mouth occurs in patients who
have experienced a previous herpes simplex infection and who
have serum antibody protection against another exogenous
primary infection. In otherwise healthy individuals, the recurrent
infection is confined to a localized portion of the skin or
mucous membranes. Recurrent herpes is not a reinfection but a
reactivation of virus that remains latent in nerve tissue between
episodes in a non-replicating state. Herpes simplex has been
cultured from trigeminal ganglion (which is the gasserian
ganglion) of human cadavers, and recurrent herpes lesions
commonly appear after surgery involving the ganglion.
Recurrent herpes may be caused by trauma to lips, fever
sunburn, dental extractions, and menstruation. The virus travels
down the nerve trunk to infect epithelial cells spreading from
cell to cell to cause a lesion. Studies have suggested several
mechanisms for reactivation of latent HSV, including low serum
IgA, decreased cell-mediated immunity, decreased salivary
antiherpes activity, and depressed ADCC (antibody dependent
cellular cytotoxicity) and interlukin-2 caused by prostaglandin

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34. A. The initial lesion is not a vesicle but an erythematous

nodule
35. C. Cornified layer with imbibed water
The same principle applies when you are washing clothes hands
become white.

37. B. Reverse Townes projection

View/Projection
Structures best visualized
/Used to
1. Body of the Mandible
Impacted teeth.
Fractures.
Lesions located in body of the
mandible.
2. Ramus of the Mandible
Impacted third molars
Large lesions and fractures
that extend into the ramus.
3. Lateral cephalometric
To evaluate facial growth &
development, trauma and
disease, and developmental
abnormalities.
To demonstrate bones of the
face & skull, as well as the
soft issue profile of the face.
4. Posteroanterior
To evaluate facial growth &
development, trauma and
disease, and developmental
abnormalities.
To demonstrate the frontal &
ethmoidal sinuses, the orbits,
and the nasal cavity.
5. Waters
To evaluate maxillary sinus
area.
To demonstrate the frontal &
ethmoidal
Sinus, the orbits, and the
nasal cavity.
6. Submentovertex
To identify the position of
condyles.
To demonstrate the base of
the skull.
To evaluate features of
zygomatic arch.
To demonstrate the
sphenoidal and ethmoidal
sinuses and the lateral wall of
the maxillary sinus.
7. Reverse Towne
To identify fractures of the
condylar neck and ramus
area.
8. Transcranial

To evaluate the superior

surface of the condyle and the
articular eminence.

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MDS
To evaluate movement of the
condyle when the mouth is
opened, and to compare the
joint spaces.
To visualize area from midmandibular ramus to condylar
apex.

38. D. it is premalignant
Candida species are responsible for superficial infections such as
oropharyngeal candidiasis (thrush) and vulvovaginal candidiasis
(vaginal Candidiasis). In otherwise healthy individuals, these
infections can be cured with antifungal medications. However,
persistent and deep-seated yeast infections can be lethal in, e.g.,
AIDS patients.Candida are also responsible for a number of lifethreatening opportunistic infections in AIDS patients and other
immunocompromised persons - including patients treated in
intensive care units (ICUs), cancer patients receiving
chemotherapy, and organ transplant patients.Another common
Candida infection is oral candidiasis caused by acrylic dentures,
especially in elderly denture wearers.Colonization of the
gastrointestinal tract by C. albicans may result from taking
antacids or antihyperacidity drugs
39. D. None of the above
Is also known as auriculotemporal syndrome and there is
gustatory sweating
40. B. Ectopic sebaceous gland
Fordyce spots are a form of ectopic sebaceous gland, and are not
known to be associated with any disease or illness and are of
cosmetic concern only. They are non-infectious and a natural
occurrence on the body.
41. B. Radiation
Since most of the times transitional cell carcinoma involves the
structures of the neck which may not be easily accessible for
surgery.
42. C. submandibular
Sialoliths (Salivary Gland Calculi)-are calcareous (radiopaque)
deposits in the ducts of the major salivary glands or within the
glands themselves. They are thought to form from a slowly
calcifying nidus of tissue or bacterial debris (organic matrix)...
occurs mainly in the submandibular gland (80% to 90%) and to a
lesser degree in the parotid gland (5% to 20%). Predilection for
the submandibular gland and duct may result from gravity and
the fact that the oral terminus is superior to the gland. The
sublingual gland is involved in less than 1% of cases.
43. C. Verruciform xanthoma
44. C. Absorb the backscatter radiation
Between the wrappers in the film packet, is a thin lead foil
backing with an embossed pattern. The foil is positioned in the
film packet behind the film, away from the tube.
It serves following purposes1) It shields the film from back scatter (secondary) radiation.
2) It also reduces patient exposure by absorbing some of the
residual x-ray beam.
Intraoral x-ray film packet contains either one or two sheets of
film. When double film packs are used, the second film serves
as a duplicate record.The film is encased in a protective black
paper wrapper, and then in an outer white paper or plastic
wrapping which is moisture resistant and also clearly indicates
the location of the raised dot.

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45. C. Initial demineralisation

Initial demineralisation of the dentine is due to the diffusion of acid
produced by acidogenic bacteria.
46. D. Firm
47. B. Periapical cyst
Clinically, nonvital tooth should be present for a diagnosis.
48. A. Acyclovir
Because only the peripheral viruses mutate and become resistant to
drugs whereas the resident virus remain sensitive.
49. B. To provide relief from pain
Sodium salicylate is a sodium salt of salicylic acid.It is used in
medicine as an analgesic(To relieve pin) and antipyretic. Sodium
salicylate also acts as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)
50. B. They are more sensitive to x-ray than light
For extraoral radiography, the screen film is used with intensifying
screens and is designed to be more sensitive to visible light.The film
is placed between two intensifying sscreens. The intensifying screens
absorb x-rays and emit visible light, which exposes the screen film.
51. C. Nicotinic acid
52. D. Dentigerous cyst
53. C. 1,3,4
Pernicious anemia is due to a deficiency of intrinsic factor, the
substance secreted by the parietal cells of the stomach that is
necessary for the absorption of vitamin B12, which is needed for the
maturation of red blood cells is usually a disease of late adult life.
most often occurs in 40-year-old to 70-year-old northern Europeans
of fair complexion, with one notable exception. (early onset in black
American women <40 years old) Early symptoms include weakness,
fatigue, palpitations, syncope, tingling of the fingers and toes
(paresthesias), numbness, uncoordination, and muscular weakness
54. C. Stratum basale
It is observed that most radiosensitive cells are those that- Have a
high mitotic rate. Undergo many future mitoses. Are most primitive
in differentiation. Basal cell layer of oral epithelium comes under
vegetative intermitotic cells and show the above features.
55. C. Detection of pus on opening into the pulp chamber
56. D. None of the above
The metastatic tumor should be histologically similar.
57. A. An apical granuloma always precedes a radicular cyst
Radicular cysts develop from the proliferation of epithelial rests in
apical granulomas. However, not all granulomas progress into a
radicular cyst.
58. D. Shows epithelial dysplasia in about 50% of cases
The presence of epithelial dysplasia associated to Candida infection
is an interesting problem from the point of the aetiology: Is the
dysplasia caused by the fungal infection, or are the epithelial
dysplastic tissues more susceptible to infection by Candida.
59. B. Oral fluids
Saliva appears to reduce the ability of HIV to infect lymphocytes.
60. D. Letter-Siwe diseas
61. D. None of the above
Resemble teeth and occur in the anterior max, mesiodens
62.B mucous alveoli can be distinguished from serous acini by
their staining reaction with Alcian Blue

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Alcian Blue is a stain often used by histologists to detect what

used to be called mucopolysaccharides and are now called
glycosaminoglycans or GAGs for short. However, alcian blue
binds to GAGs because they are highly negatively charged
polysaccharides and for no other reason. This means that it will
also stain the high molecular weight mucins which are produced
by mucous alveoli and all minor salivary glands with the
exception of the serous glands of von Ebner.The mucins are
stained because they contain a very unusual 9-carbon sugar call
N-acetyl neuraminic acid which is also known as sialic acid
(good job). Since mucins have lots of oligosaccharide side
chains which have sialic acid as the terminal sugar residue, then
they have an overall negative charge which means they will stain
with alcian blue
63. B. Calcifying odontogenic cyst
Ghost cells or clear cells.
64. A. Striae of Retzius
65. A. Biopsy
66. B. The ulcers of recurrent intraoral herpes simplex are
usually not surrounded by an erythematous halo.
Recurrent ulcerative mucosal lesions which heal with
periodicity (time period can be variable from one patient to
another) , almost always are due to recurrent aphthae or herpes.
Recurrent herpetic and aphthous lesions can be differentiated on
the anatomic location of the lesions. Recurrent herpetic lesions
occur on keratinized mucosal surfaces (hard palate, attached
gingiva, lips, dorsum of the tongue and epidermis). Recurrent
herpetic lesions also usually recur in the same anatomic location
innervated by the involved sensory nerve. Aphthous ulcers
occur on non keratinized mucosal surfaces with a random
distribution. Recurrent herpes is usually first noted as a cluster of
individual small vesicles either on the hard palate or the attached
labial gingiva. Clinical photographs of the intraoral herpes
simplex lesions show the red halo effect.
67. D. Residual cyst
The lining of Residual and Radicular cysts derives from the
epithelial rests of Malassez (which are rests of the Root Sheath
of Hertwig).
68. D. Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia
69. D. Uterine cancers
And of late oral exfoliation cytology has got almost no role in
oral cancer.
70. A. Parallel to the tooth
In bisecting angle technique, the film is placed as close to the
teeth as possible without deforming it. However, when the film
is in this position it is not parallel to the long axes of the teeth.
This arrangement inherently causes distortion. Nevertheless, by
directing the central ray perpendicular to an imaginary line that
bisects the angle between the teeth and the film, the length of the
tooths image on the film is made to correspond to the actual
length of the tooth.
71. D. None of the above
Is not useful for oral cancers.
72. C. Exposure to Co and Co2
73. D. High agglutination titre
74.C. Hepatitis C

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Hepatitis A - almost exclusively transmitted by fecal contamination

of food or water. Transmission is enhanced by poor personal
hygiene, which places school-age youngsters, food handlers, daycare
workers and travelers to developing countries at greater risk.
Hepatitis B - Transmission occurs through:
(1) percutaneous inoculation or transfusion of infective blood or
blood products.
(2) indirect percutaneous introduction of infective serum or plasma,
such as through minute skin abrasions
(3) absorption of infective serum or plasma, such as through mucosal
surfaces of the mouth or eye.
(4) absorption of infective secretions, such as saliva or semen
through mucosal surfaces
(5) transfer of infective serum or plasma via inanimate environmental
surfaces or possibly vectors.
The risk of infection is directly proportional too exposure to blood.
Hepatitis C - Transmission is primarily by blood and blood and blood
products. It is the major etiologic agent of posttransfusion hepatitis,
accounting for 90% of the cases. Previously known as Non A Non B
Hepatitis..High carrier rate as well as high rate of liver cancer in
affected patients. Patients at risk include illicit drug users; healthcare
worker exposed to blood, hemodialysis patients; and recipients of
whole blood, blood cellular components, or plasma.
Hepatitis D - Occurs only as a coinfection with acute hepatitis B or
as a superinfection in carriers of Hepatitis B and therefore is
transmitted parenterally via infected blood or blood products. It is
seen primarily in drug addicts and hemophiliacs.
Hepatitis E - (non-A non-B) resembles hepatitis A and is transmitted
via fecal-oral contamination. The disease is endemic in India, Asia,
Africa and Central America.
75. A. Chronic iron deficiency
Is not Plummer Vinson syndrome.
76. B. Along the occlusal line in the bicuspid molar region
77. C. phosphatase
78. B. Muscle cells
Muscles cells fall under the category of fixed mitotic cells that are
most resistant to the direct action of radiation. They are the most
highly differentiated cells and once mature, are incapable of divioion.
Other examples of post mitotic cells are1) Nervous cells.
2) Squarnous epithelial cells that have differentiated and are close the
the surface of oral mucous membrane.
79. C. Metaplastic differentiation
Metaplastic differentiation as a single cell gives rise to the tumor.
80. A. Absence of inhibitor of c1 esterase
81.B. desquamative gingivitis, pemphigoid, erosive lichen planus,
candidiasis, pemphigus vulgaris
82. A. Lateral border of tongue
83. B. Hypomagnesemia
84. A. anterior maxilla
The adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT) is uncommon, benign,
and noninvasive and makes up approximately 3% of all odontogenic
tumors. The origin is uncertain, but thought to arise from residual
odontogenic epithelium... the AOT must be distinguished from the
ameloblastoma because these two lesions differ radically in clinical,
radiographic, and microscopic features and behavior. The AOT is a
slow-growing tumor that does not infiltrate bone. These tumors are
inclined to displace teeth rather than cause root resorption,.it is

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almost twice as common in women and usually occurs in the

second decade of life (teens), the average age being 17 y/o. At
least 73% of these tumors occur in association with unerupted
teeth or in the walls of dentigerous cysts. Approximately 90%
have occurred in the anterior portions of the jaws: they are about
1 1/2 times more frequent in the maxilla than in the mandible.
The AOT is best treated by enucleation, since it separates easily
and cleanly from its bony defect and does not show a tendency
to recur

OMRD

Cross sectional
Maxillary occlusal

Patients face
through the bridge
of the nose

Lateral Maxillary
Occlusal

At a point
approximately 2
cm below the
lateral canthus of
eye

85. C. It shows no tendency for hemorrhage

86. C. Thalidomide
But must be used with caution as thalidomide can enhance the
production of HIV
87. A. Pathognomonic
88. B. can be observed in demineralised histological sections
89. A. Hurlers syndrome
Is a disorder of carbohydrate metabolism.
90. A. Rickets
During enamel formation, ameloblasts may be subjected to local
and systemic influences that later affect teeth. Enamel of normal
hardness, but lacking in quantity is known as enamel hypoplaia,
while normal amounts of hypomineralization enamel is known
as enamel hypocalcification. Childhood infections , such as
congenital syphilis , and nutrition defects such as rickets, may
lead to enamel hypoplasia and hypomineralization. Patients with
cleidocranial dysplasia do not have enamel defects, but
demonstrate supernumerary teeth and delayed eruption of the
permanent dentition. The clinical features of Pagets disease
include enlargement of the jaws and cotton wool radiographic
appearance of the bone Patients with acromegaly may also have
enlargement of the mandible and maxilla, with secondary
separation of the teeth due to alveolar growth. The teeth
themselves are unaffected in both Pagets disease and
acromegaly. Cherubism- manifests itself in early childhood,
often by the age of three or four years. The patient exhibits a
progressive, painless, symmetric swelling of jaws, mandible or
maxilla, producing a typical chubby face. The deciduous
dentition may be spontaneously shed prematurely, beginning as
early, as three years of age. The permanent dentition is often
defective, with absence of numerous teeth and displacement and
lack of eruption of those present. The oral mucosa is intact and
of normal color.Radiographic appearance- extensive bilateral
destruction of bone of one or both jaws with expansion and
severe thinning of the cortical plates. Numerous unerupted and
displaced teeth are commonly seen, some of which may appear
to be floating in cystlike spaces.
91. C. Pointing of the ear
92. B. Gaucher disease
Is a disorder of lipid metabolism

Calculi
Sialodochitis
Sialadenitis
SJogrens syndrome

Tumours
Sialectasis

nasal fossa.
Teeth from canine
to canine.
Palate
Zygomatic process
of maxilla
Anterointerior
aspects of antrum.
Naso lacrimal
canals .
Teeth from 2nd
molar to 2nd molar
Nasal septum.
A quadrant of
alveolar ridge of
maxilla.
Inferolateral aspect
of antrum.
Tuberosity.
Teeth from lateral
incisor to contral
lateral third molar.
Zygomatic process
of maxilla (
superimposes over
roots of molar
teeth).

Tree in winter appearance (

parotid)
Filling defect.
Sausage like appearance.
Segmental dilatation.
Dots or blebs
Snow storm .
Branchless fruit laden tree.
Cherry blossom appearance .
Ball in hand appearance
Punctuate, globular, and then
cavitary ( in order of
increasing severity).

95. B. Recessive
96. D. Morsicatio buccarum
Habitual injuries usually due to psychogenic cause.
97. D. None of the above
Seen in psoriasis and histologically known as Monroes abscess.
98. C. condylar hyperplasia
Condylar hyperplasia is not a feature of Gardner's syndrome. The
intestinal polyps in this syndrome are premalignant, so it is important
to be able to diagnose patients with this disease.
99. B. dentigerous

93. C. Gingival pigmentation

94. C. Leafless tree
PROJECTION
POINT OF
TYPE
ENTRY OF
CENTRAL XRAY
Anterior Maxillary Patients face
Occlusal
through the tip of
the nose

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100. B. Lateral pharyngeal space

IMAGE FIELD

101. D. None of the above

Diagnosis can be only due to histopathological examination
102. A. Soft palate and oropharynx

Anterior maxilla
and its dentition.
Anterior floor of

103. A. Anemia
RBC Count: Male 4.6 - 6.2 million/cubic mm
Female 4.2 - 5.4 million/cubic mm

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Anemia: not a disease but rather a symptom complex that may

result from decreased production of red blood cells (from Fe
deficiency, pernicious anemia, folate deficiency), blood loss, or
increased rate of destruction of circulating red blood cells.
Leukopenia: A lack of sufficient leukocytes (white blood cells).
Agranulocytosis: A reduction of or lack of neutrophils is the
hallmark of agranulocytosis. Like many blood dyscrasias the
decrease of granulocytes can manifest as primary (unknown
etiology) or secondary (usually as a reaction to a drug or
chemical compound). Thrombocytopenia: Decrease in the
number of circulating platelets. The primary form (idiopathic
purpura) is conjectured to be of autoimmune etiology with an
antiplatelet globulin identified in some but not all cases. The
secondary form is precipitated by numerous agents among which
are ionizing radiation, a wide spectrum of drugs, congenital
disorders, infectious viruses and marrow replacing diseases.
104. C. Circumvallate
105. A. Increased number of basal mitosis
The basal cell layer (i.e. the epithelial cells that are in contact
with the lamina propria is functionally part of the stratum
germinativum (i.e. where epithelial proliferation takes place:
basal and parabasal layers). The presence of increased mitosis in
this layer is not an atypical feature (it may be present also in
other non-neoplastic conditions). However the presence of
suprabasal mitosis (i.e. above the stratum germinativum is
indeed a sign of atypia.
106. B. acquired syphills
107. B. Mandibular I molar
108. B. feels hard
109. B. Parotitis
The Parotitis( mumps) are caused by a virus, which is spread
from person-to-person by respiratory droplets (for example,
when you sneeze) or by direct contact with items that have been
contaminated with infected saliva.The parotid glands (the largest
salivary glands, located between the ear and the jaw) are often
swollen.Mumps most commonly occurs in children between age
2 and 12 who have not been vaccinated against the disease.
However, the infection can occur at any age. The time between
being exposed to the virus and getting sick (incubation period) is
usually 12 to 24 days.Mumps may also infect the testes, the
central nervous system, and the pancreas.
110. D. Condyloma acuminatum
111. C. Erosion of teeth
Because of hyperacidity and chronic vomiting.
112. A. Tip of the chin
PROJECTION
TYPE
Anterior
Mandibular
Occlusal

Cross- Sectional
Mandibular
Occlusal

Lateral Mandibular
Occlusal

Answers paper
below chin

buccal plates of
mandible from
2nd molar to 2nd
molar

Beneath the chin

approximately 3 cm
posterior to chin
and approx 3cm
lateral to midline

Soft tissue of half

floor of mouth.
Buccal and
lingual cortical
plates of half the
mandible , teeth
from lateral
incisor to contra
lateral third
molar.

113. C. Recurrent aphthous ulcers

114. B. Condensing osteitis
Garres osteomyelitis is proliferative periostitis and hence cannot be
condensing osteitis.
115. D. Anencephalus
116. D. presence of multiple impacted teeth
117.D. all of the above
Little and Fallace lists the complications associated with radiation
therapy of 6000 rads to the head and neck in the Medically
Compromised Patient. These include:
1. mucositis
2. xerostomia
3. radiation caries 4. hypoguesia
5. muscle trismus
During radiotherapy, the patient often will develop a mucositis.
Breakdown of the oral mucosa begins about the second week and
usually subsides a few weeks following the completion of treatment.
The mucositis results in ulceration, pain, dysphagia , loss of tastes,
and difficulty. If the major salivary glands have been irradiated,
xerostomia will follow the initial onset of mucositis. During
radiation and postradiation therapy patients will be prone to
secondary infection. Due to a decrease in actual salivary flow, as
well as compositional alterations in saliva, there are several
organisms that can easily opportunistically infect the oral cavity. In
most patients, the ability to taste will return in 3 to 4 months
following completion of radiotherapy. To minimize the effects of
radiation on the muscles around the face and the muscles of
mastication, a mouth block should be placed when the patient is
receiving external beam irradiation; the patient should also be given a
number of tongue blades to place in the mouth several times each
day. These procedures will minimize muscle contracture and allow
for more normal function and access to the oral cavity.
118. D. It has a definite prediction for women

POINT OF
ENTRY OF
CENTRAL X-RAY
In midline through
the tip of the nose

In midline through
floor of the mouth,
approximately 3 cm

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IMAGE FIELD

Anterior position
of mandible.
Dentination from
canine to canine.
Inferior cortical
border of
mandible.
Soft tissue of
floor of mouth
Lingual and

119. A. It carries the risk of death by suffocation.

120. A. Patients are prone to fracture
There is thickening of the cortex.
121. B. Herpes simplex
122. A. T2 weighted MR images
To Produce an MR image, magnetic resinance Imaging (MRI) uses
non- ionizing radiation from the radiofrequency (RF) bands of
electromagnetic spectrum. T1- Weighted images are called fat
images and useful for depicting small anatomic regions where high
spatial resolution is required. T2-weighted images are called water

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images and are most commonly used to look for inflammatory or

other pathologic changes.
123. A. Pneumocystis carinii
Causes respiratory tract infections
124. C. Multiple unerupted teeth
There is no known association between Paget's disease of bone
and anomalies of eruption of teeth.
125. A. Fingers
126. B. 1%
1% will become osteosarcoma
127. B. A.israeli the causative organism, is a gram +ve,
anaerobic and acid fast organism
Non acid fast.
128. A. Film exposed from wrong side
Excessive bending of film causes elongation of few teeth,
Increased vertical angulation causes shortening of image,
Double exposure causes double image formation.
129. C. Severe erosion of teeth
130. D. Sjogren's Syndrome
Gardners Syndrome multiple supernumery teeth delayed tooth
eruption intestinal polyps Treacher- Collins Syndrome of Oral
hypoplasia of facial bones deficiency of eyelashes malformation
of the external ear high palate atypical hair growth Marfan
Syndrome long arms/legs spider like fingers high arched palate
defective heart valves Sjogrens Syndrome Sjogren's syndrome
is a clinicopathologic entity secondary to an autoimmune
disorder often involving rheumatoid arthritis and is then termed
sicca syndrome. clinically the patient will present with dry eyes
and dry mouth do to the destruction of the lacrimal and salivary
glands by the immune system. Other immunologic disorders are
also associated with the process and regarded as a secondary
form although the overall pathogenesis is similar with the
destruction of glands by infiltrating lymphocytes.
Clinical Features
a. Bilateral swelling (BLEL)
b. Keratoconjunctivitis
c. Xerostomia
d. Rheumatoid factors
e. 90% female 40 - 60 age group
Mikulicz Syndrome, Combined uveitis and parotitis due to
sarcoidosis is known as Mikulicz Syndrome
131. A. Psoriasis

Answers paper

136. D. chicken pox

137. A. Ataxia or gait difficulty
138. C. Size
139. A. 1* 3 mm
The focal spot is the area on the target to which the focusing cup
directs the eclectrons from the filament.The sharpness of the
radiographic image increases as the size of the focal spot decreases.
The heat generated per unit area, however, becomes greater as the
focal spot decreases in size.To take advantage of a small focal spot
while distributing the electrons over a larger area of the target, the
target is inclined about 200 to the central ray of the x-ray beam. This
causes the effective focal spot to be almost 1*1 mm, as opposed to
the actual focal spot, which is 1*3 mm.
140. D. Platelet count more than double of normal
141. C. infantile cortical hyperostosis
142. C. Scarlet fever
Caused by beta hemolytic streptococci.
143. C. Histologically shows hematoxyphilic reversal lines
Reversal lines are seen in Pagets disease.
144.B. Small intestine
145. B. Paul-Bunnell test is negative
Is positive for infectious mononucleosis
146. B. 1, 2
Hypercementosis (cemental hyperplasia) has been defined by
Stafne as excessive formation of cementum on the surface of the
root of the tooth. The early stages are only microscopically
detectable, but as additional layers of cementum are added, the
accumulation becomes apparent on the radiograph. The etiology of
hypercementosis is not well understood, but repeated observations
seem to indicate that this lesion is sometimes associated with the
development of periapical inflammatory conditions, PCOD, occlusal
trauma, and systemic disease (such as Pagets disease, acromegaly,
and gigantism, periapical granuloma )
147. A. amelogenesis imperfecta
148. B. Desmosome tonofilament junctions are lesser in the oral
mucosa
The junctions are attacked by anti IgG, desmosome tonofilament are
40% lesser in the oral mucosa
149. C. Hyperthyrodidism in the mother
150. B. A pseudo membrane of necrotic mucosal tissue

132 D. Tuberculous periapical granulomas are similar to

periapical granulomas
133. A. Is painful and limits movement
134. B. Patients show an increased incidence in leukemia
True, there is a definite predilection for leukemia, trisomy 21 is
the commonest type and is usually seen in mothers over 30 years
135. B. invaginated odontomes predispose the tooth to
pulpitis
In the invaginated odontome or dens in dente the enamel at the
end of the invagination can be poorly formed/mineralised or
even absent. Dentine may also be defective, facilitating the
access of retained plaque and debris to the pulp. Compound and
complex odontomes are considered hamartomas (not
choristomas) rather than true neoplasms.

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151. C. angioneurotic edema anline intoxication

152. C. Agranulocytosis
153. C. 1, 2, 3
Candida albicans , a yeastlike fungus. Candida is an opportunistic
organism that tends to proliferate with the use of broad-spectrum
antibiotics, corticosteroids, medicines that reduce salivary output,
and cytotoxic agents. Conditions that contribute to candidiasis
include xerostomia, diabetes mellitus, poor oral hygiene, prosthetic
appliances, and suppression of the immune system (i.e. AIDS or the
side effects of some medications). It is important to determine the
predisposing factors.
154. B. using a short distance between tube and patient
155. A. Affects both the dentitions

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156. C. compound composite odontoma

157. C. Persisting
In recent avulsion, the lamina dura of the empty socket is
apparent and usually persists for several months.The
replacement of the socket site with new bone requires months
and in some cases, years.
158. D. loss of smell sensation
159. D. Overproduction of erythrocytes
160. B 2 and 3
The barbiturates are safe and effective drugs when administered
in hypnotic doses to normal persons. Untoward effects may arise
in an occasional person as unexplained idiosyncrasies or in all
persons as a result of acute or chronic overdosage. A few
persons, particularly elderly persons, may exhibit idiosyncratic
excitement instead of depression following the use of the
barbiturates. A few may also show skin reactions, vague pains
and aches, and gastrointestinal symptoms. The incidence of
these unusual responses is extraordinarily low. Behind narcotics,
barbiturate poisoning is one of the most common problems in
toxicology. The cause of death in acute, overwhelming
barbiturate poisoning is undoubtedly cessation of respiration as a
consequence of depression of the respiratory center. If the
ingested dose is not quite lethal or absorption from the
gastrointestinal tract is delayed, the individual may survive for
many hours or days. Under these conditions he will often be
comatose, with respiration slow, skin and mucous membranes
cyanotic, and various reflexes diminished or absent. Body
temperature will be low, blood pressure may be diminished, and
pupils may be somewhat constricted and may or may not
respond to light. Maintenance of adequate respiration and
circulation should be the most important objectives in the
treatment of acute poisoning.
161. B. Amphoterecin B
Because of coexisting candida infection
162. C. using a small focal spot size
163. C. Can be decreased by vasoconstrictive drugs
Can be decreased by vasodilation
164. D. all of the above
165. D. Numata
The first to describe the principles of panoramic radiography
were Paatero and Numata, both working independently.
Panoramic imaging or Pantomography is a technique for
producing a single tomographic image of the facial structures
that includes both upper and lower arches and their supporting
structures. An important disadvantage is that the images do not
display fine anatomic detail as seen in IOPAs. Also, typically the
premolars overlap.

OMRD

Answers paper

2. Antibodies not involved

3. Also called delayed-type hypersensitivity
a. Response not seen until about 2 days following antigenic exposure
4. Examples
a. Contact dermatitis
b. Graft rejection
c. Graft-versus-host reaction
d. Some types of drug hypersensitivity
e. Some types of autoimmune disease
Type IV Hypersensitivity Reaction (Contact Dermatitis)
1. Allergen is usually a small chemical
a. Remains in skin 18 to 24 hours
b. Acts as hapten (most couple with protein)
2. Hapten-protein complex is processed by dendritic cells
3. Langerhans cells also involved as antigen presenting cells
a. Migrate to local lymph nodes
b. Processed antigen presented to undifferentiated
T lymphocytes
c. Differentiation and proliferation produce
(1) T-effector cells
(2) T-memory cells
4. T-effector and T-memory cells recirculate
a. Patrol skin
b. Reaction occurs if some antigen still present or when antigen is
presented again; inflammatory mediators released
5. Clinical features of reaction
a. Erythema
b. Papulovesicular eruption
c. Vesiculation and weeping
d. Pruritus
172. A. The tumor does not ulcerate
173. C. Streptococcus salivarius
174. C. the use of tranquilizers
175. B. is always hypertonic with respect to serum
saliva is always hypotonic with respect to serum.
If saliva was hypertonic then water would be continually lost from
the oral mucosa. This might not be a problem since nearly all of it
would be swallowed and not lost to the body. However, it would
have serious implications regarding the sensation of taste since
saliva's hypotonicity causes a general inward flow of water through
the mucosa which helps carry substances to the taste buds.
Patients suffering from very low saliva flow (xerostomia) have little
sensation of taste which is a real problem for them.In an evolutionary
context, the sensation of taste is extremely important because many
plant toxins are very bitter
176. C. Indirect immunofluorescence
Indirect immunofluorescence detects the circulating autoantibodies
that is IgG levels and hence gives an indication of the severity of the
disease.

166. D. The lesions may extend onto the alveolar mucosa

177. D. myocardial infarction

167. D. tooth is normal with a viable periodontal ligament

178. A. Swelling

168. C. A rounded cell, with no desmosome filament

complexes and hyperchromatic nucleus

179. C. 2 and 3
Administration of aspirin-containing medication or other NSAIDs to
patients with asthma is not advisable because aspirin ingestion is
associated with precipitating asthma attacks in a small percentage of
patients. Likewise, barbiturates and narcotics are best avoided as they
also may precipitate an asthma attack, and these drugs should not be
prescribed. Antihistamines should be used cautiously because of their
drying effect. Patients taking theophylline preparations should not be

169. C. Eagle syndrome

170. A. mandibular first permanent molar
171. A. 1,5
Type IV Hypersensitivity
1. Mediated by T lymphocytes

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Answers paper

given macrolide antibiotics (i.e., erythromycin and

azithromycin) or ciprofloxacin hydrochloride, because this may
result in a toxic blood level of theophylline.

growing or arrested; while an irregular, poorly demarcated area

without an opaque lining suggests more rapid growth of an osteolytic
lesion.

180. B. hypophosphatasia
1. Hereditary disease with autosomal recessive pattern
2. Metabolic bone disease due to enzyme production deficiency
a. Deficiency in alkaline phosphatase production
b. Phosphoethanolamine accumulates in blood and urine
3. Clinical presentation:
a. Rachitic deformities
b. Failure of calcification of calvarium
c. Dyspnea
d. Cyanosis
e. Vomiting and constipation
f. Renal calcinosis
g. Early closure of cranial sutures which may lead to
convulsions
4. Oral manifestations involve teeth:
a. Premature loss of deciduous teeth, mainly incisors due to lack
of cellular cementum
b. Shell-type teeth with large pulp chambers
5. Radiographic findings: Beaten copper appearance of
skull on lateral skull films
6. The younger the patient is when symptoms develop, the more
severe the disease will be

192. C. Neutrophil
It consists of rosette of neutrophils.
193. C. loss of visual acuity and overgrowth of the alveolar
process
194. D. dexamethasone
Glucocorticoids and Their Relative Potency
Compound Potency Approximate equivalent dose (mg)
Short-acting (<12 hours)
Cortisol 1 20s Cortisone 0.8 25
Intermediate-acting (12 to 36 hours)
Prednisone 4 5 Prednisolone 4 5
Methylprednisolone 5 4
Triamcinolone 5 4
Long-acting (>36 hours)
Paramethasone 10 2
Betamethasone 25 0.75
100
Dexamethasone 25 0.75
195. B.There is a increase in the collagen fibres
There is a increase in elastic fibres.
196. D. is a rich source of secretory IgA
There will be IgA present but not the secretory form. Gingival fluid
is an exudate/transudate.

181. B. Dermatitis herpetiformis

182. C.Dyskeratosis congenital
183. A. Linear deposits of IgG and c3 are seen along the
basement membrane in both
184. D. Multilocular radiolucencles
185. D. face may appear swollen
186. D. All of the above

197. C. Nasal septum

On periapical radiographs of the incisors, the shadow of the septum
may appear wider than anticipated and not sharply defined because
the image is a superimposition of septal cartilage and vomer bone.
Also the septum frequently deviates slightly from the midline, and its
plate of bone (the vomer) is somewhat curved.
198. D. Hereditary intestinal polyposis

Projection

Waters

Film
placement
Cassette
Perpendic
ular
To floor.
-----------Long axis
Vertical.

Head position
Mid-sagittal
Plane is
Perpendicular
To floor.
------------------Chin touches
Cassette.
----------------Tip of nose
1 -2 inches
from cassette.

Point of entry of
x-ray beam

Centre of
Cassette.
----------------------Perpendicular
To cassette.

187. A. Absence of any sensation in the oral cavity

188. C. varies with the saliva bicarbonate concentration
It has nothing whatsoever to do with the bicarbonate
concentration. Do not get confuseds by the relationship between
bicarbonate concentration and salivary pH
189. B. Lupus erythematosus
190. C. localised alteration of intrauterine development
191. A. Slowly growing
A well-circumscribed, round roentgenolucency with a
roentgenopaque border usually indicates that the lesion is slow

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199. A. Bleeding time

Aspirin affects the platelets by rendering them not sticky for the
life of the platelet. The average platelet is circulating for 8-12 days
before it is destroyed. The effect of aspirin is measured by a bleeding
time test. The platelet count measures the number of circulating
platelets only it does not assess the function. A patient on aspirin
would have a normal number of platelets but the function would be
impaired. Prothrombin time is used to check the extrinsic pathway it
has nothing to do with aspirin. PTT is used to monitor the intrinsic
pathway and again has no relationship to aspirin.
200. B. patients using drugs with anticholinergic properties
Anticholinergic properties of drugs reduce parasympathetic nervous
system activity leading to reduced salivary flow. By now you should
know that saliva buffering is directly related to saliva flow and is due
to the amount of bicarbonate present. If bicarbonate is not available
to neutralise acid by-products of bacterial fermentation in dental
plaque then tooth demineralisation will be more pronounced leading,
in time, to increased caries. Reduced saliva flow also delays the
clearance of sugars from the mouth. This increases the availability of
the sugar to the bacteria. There are two consequences of this. First,
the pH may drop further but this is not guaranteed since the pH may
already be as low as it can get. Second, it will increase the time
available for the bacteria to ferment the sugar which results in a
longer acid challenge to the teeth.

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