SUMMARY OF B-COMPLEX VITAMINS AND THEIR COENZYMES

NUMBE
R
B1

NAME OF VITAMIN

CO-ENZYME

Thiamine

TPP
(Thiamine
pyrophosphate )

CO-ENZ FOR ENZYMES

(FUNCTION)
1. Pyruvate oxidation & TCA
cycle
Pyruvate
dehydrogenase,
-ketoglutarate
dehydrogenase
2. HMP Shunt

DEFICIENCY
1.Beriberi
Wet Beriberi CVS
manifestations ex
edema
Dry Beriberineurological
manifestations ex
neuritis

Transketolase
2 Wernickes
syndrome
( seen in alcoholics,
to and fro eyeball
movements )
B2

Riboflavin

FMN( Flavin
mononucleotide)

Required by
oxidoreductases

FAD ( Flavin adenine

dinucleotide )

1. FMN required by
Amino acid oxidase
NADH dehydrogenase
etc

Glossitis
Cheilosis
Dermatitis

SUMMARY OF B-COMPLEX VITAMINS AND THEIR COENZYMES

2. FAD required by
Succinate
dehydrogenase
Acyl CoA dehydrogenase
etc
B3

Niacin/Nicotinic acid
and
Niacinamide/Nicotina
mide

NAD +
( Nicotinamide adenine
dinucleotide )

Required by
oxidoreductases
1.NAD

NADP +
( Nicotinamide adenine
dinucleotide
phosphate )

required by

Pyruvate dehydrogenase
Malate dehydrogenase
etc

Pellagra
It is characterized by
3D
-diarrhoea
- dementia
- dermatitis

3. NADPH required by
HMG CoA Reductase
Ketoacyl Reductase etc
B5

Pantothenic acid

Co-enzyme A

Carrier of acyl groups

ex acetyl CoA in FA syn,
cholesterol syn
succinyl CoA in heme syn etc

B6

Pyridoxine,
pyridoxal,
pyridoxamine

PLP
(pyridoxal phosphate )

I]

Co-enzyme for
1. Transaminases
2. Glycogen
phosphorylase
3. ALA synthase
4. Amino acid
decarboxylase

Burning foot
syndrome
(lightning pain in
lower
extremities )
Neurological
symptoms
ex irritability,
convulsions,
peripheral
neuropathy etc
Anaemia

SUMMARY OF B-COMPLEX VITAMINS AND THEIR COENZYMES

? B7

Biotin

N-carboxy biotin/
N-carboxy biocytin
(biotin bound to lysine
of enz
etc. called biocytin )

? B9

Folic Acid

Tetrahydrofolic acid
which
is carrier of 1 carbon
units
( methyl, methylene,
methenyl, formyl,
formimino)

II] In metabolism of amino

acids
Gly,Ser, Thr , Trp &
homocysteine
Co-enzyme for carboxylases
1. Pyruvate carboxylase
2. Acetyl CoA carboxylase
3. Propionyl carboxylase

1.

2.

3.

N5N10 Methylene H4F

required
for TMP synthesis
( DNA synthesis)
N5N10 Methenyl H4F
required
for synthesis of C8 of
purine ring
N10 Formyl H4F is
required for
synthesis of C2 of purine
ring

Rare
Dermatitis,
anaemia etc
(Note: egg white
avidin
binds
Biotin and prevents
its absorption,
causing deficiency )
Macrocytic
anaemia
( Impaired DNA
synthesis causes
abnormal large RBCs
which get destroyed)
Note: Folic acid
deficiency detected
by excretion of
FIGLU in urine on
giving oral
Histidine .

4. N5 Methyl H4F is coenzyme for

methionine synthase.
B12

Cobalamin

1. Methyl cobalamin is co-

Megaloblastic

SUMMARY OF B-COMPLEX VITAMINS AND THEIR COENZYMES

Methyl cobalamin

enzyme for methionine

synthase.

5-Deoxyadenosyl
cobalamin

It converts homocysteine
to
methionine. Methyl
cobalamin
in turn is produced by
N5 Methyl H4F .
2

Deoxyadenosyl
cobalamin is
co-enzyme for Methyl
Malonyl
CoA Isomerase
( converts
methyl malonyl CoA to
succinyl CoA in
gluconeogenesis from
propionate. Succinyl CoA
also substrate for heme
synthesis).

anaemia
( Note: If B12 is
deficient, folic acid
remains trapped as
N5 Methyl H4F and
cannot be converted
to forms required for
DNA synthesis.)
Pernicious aneamia
is B12 deficiency due
to
deficiency of gastric
intrinsic factor
Homocysteinuria
Methyl malonic
aciduria

SUMMARY OF B-COMPLEX VITAMINS AND THEIR COENZYMES

SOURCES

OF

B COMPLEX

VITAMINS

Generally found in WHOLE CEREALS, GREEN LEAFY VEGETABLES , YEAST, LIVER, MEAT, MILK,
EGG, FISH ETC
1.

MUST KNOW
B12 ABSENT IN PLANT FOOD but present only in animal foods ex curd, liver etc
MILK IS POOR SOURCE OF FOLIC ACID

2.

DESIRABLE TO KNOW
Good source of B1( Thiamine ) whole cereals
Good source of Folic acid green leafy vegetable ( foliage)
Intestinal bacteria can also synthesize B 2 (riboflavin), B5 (pantothenic acid), B12 ( cobalamin) and Biotin

Daily requirement
1.

(approximate ) - in ascending order

( MICROGRAM GROUP )

2. (SMALLER MILLIGRAM GROUP)

mg/Day

B 12(Cobalamin)- 1-2 g/Day ,

B1 ( Thiamine) ,

Folic Acid 200 g/Day

B2 ( Riboflavin ) ,

B6 (Pyridoxine ) - approx .

1-2

SUMMARY OF B-COMPLEX VITAMINS AND THEIR COENZYMES

3. (LARGER MILLIGRAM GROUP )
B5 ( Pantothenic Acid ) - 5-10 mg/ Day
( Nicotinamide ) - 10-20 mg/Day

B3

Biotin requirement is difficult to ascertain - approx. 200 mg/Day

(controversial )