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Abstract: A good understanding of the mechanics of a borehole is a prerequisite for safe and effective drilling of
deep wells. This paper gives a short introduction to the topic and summarizes the most important boundary
conditions and mechanisms leading to borehole instability. Based on that the principles for planning the drilling
mud weight (aka mud window) and the geomechanical well layout are explained.
Introduction
r=P
=Sh+SH-2(SH-Sh)cos2-2PP-P-T
where P is the difference between borehole pressure
resulting from mudweight and reservoir pressure.
The maxima and minima of the resulting tangential
stresses at the borehole are given by
max=3SH-Sh-2PP-P-T
min=3Sh-SH-2PP-P-T
rock
unconfined
compressive
strength
tensile strength
[MPa]
[MPa]
sandstone
30 - 150
3 - 15
limestone
50 - 150
5 - 15
shale
5 - 50
0,5 - 5
granite
100 - 250
10 - 25
quarzite
250 - 400
25 - 40
the
are
the
the
Fracture mechanics
Conclusions
Figure 6: Example for simulation of borehole breakouts (software roxol). (left) fracture initiation by means of the
Mohr-Coulomb criterion and subsequent formation of wellbore failure, and (right) interaction of the existing
fracture set with the wellbore. The depth of the breakouts or an interaction with an existing fracture network may
not estimated by classical analysis.
References
10 Acknowledgments