Pore Pressure and Sanding Prediction

Data Consulting Services, Caspian

Ludovic de Labrusse, Rock Mechanics Coordinator
LLabrusse@slb.com

Schlumberger Private

Rock Mechanics and

Applications

Turkmenistan Offshore & Onshore

Events experienced on the field:

Overpressure Area
Unconsolidated zone
Sanding issue
Unstable shale
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Data Consulting Services

LLabrusse@slb.com

Schlumberger Private

Kick, well flowing,

Stuck pipe, packoff,
BHA lost,
Sidetrack,

Know drilling hazards

Good hole cleaning
Hydraulic Fracture

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Breakouts
Fractured Rock

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Data Consulting Services

LLabrusse@slb.com

Wellbore Failure:
Could lead to
Packoff / Stuck Pipe

Understanding the problems

Rock Mechanics is the prediction of the
mechanical properties of the rock.

Vertical stress

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Data Consulting Services

LLabrusse@slb.com

Schlumberger Private

1. Elastic Modulus Young Modulus, Poissons Ratio

2. Rock Strength Friction Angle, Compressive Strength
3. Stress Analysis Pore Pressure, Min. and Max. horizontal stress,

Rock Failure versus Stress Orientation

Tension point
- tensile failure
- hydraulic fracture

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LLabrusse@slb.com

Schlumberger Private

Compression point
- shear failure
- breakout

Mechanical Earth Model - MEM

Structure/Stratigraphy

Earth Stress &

Pore Pressure

Elastic Strength
Stratigraphy

Youngs
70
100 0 Friction Angle
Modulus
0 Poissons 1 20 UCS 400
Ratio

10

Grain Support
Facies

Stress

200 W

MPa

fault ?

PR

UCS

Pp

LLabrusse@slb.com

1.0

Clay Support
Facies

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Stress Direction
h S

Sh

SH

SV

Regional
Trend

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Rock Mechanical Parameters

Mud Weight Optimization

Failure Modes

Mud Weight Window

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LLabrusse@slb.com

Schlumberger Private

Kick
Breakouts
Losses
Hydraulic Fracture

Calibration of the Model

using offset data
Mud Weight Window (ppg)
8

Depth (m)

Caliper (10-20 in)

RAB images

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

1200.0

1220.0

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1240.0

1260.0

D ep th (m )

1280.0

1300.0

1320.0

1340.0

1360.0

1380.0

1400.0

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Te nsile Failure

Shear Failure

Losses

Pore Pres sure

Min ECD

Max ECD

LLabrusse@slb.com

Wellbore Stability Analysis for Deviated

Well
Single Depth or Interval Analysis

Schlumberger Private

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LLabrusse@slb.com

3D Visualization
(Caviar, FloViz)

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LLabrusse@slb.com

(Eclipse)
Well construction Optimization
Completion Optimization
Field Development

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Offset Well Information

Drilling Information
Hazards, Events

3D Modeling

Pore Pressure introduction

Rock matrix does not support full load of
overburden and horizontal stresses

The effective stress e felt by only the rock

matrix

Overburden = Effective Vertical Stress +

Pore Pressure
OBG = e +
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LLabrusse@slb.com

PP

e
TVD

Terzaghis effective stress principal:

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Pore Fluid supports part of the load

OBG

Pore
Pressure

Pressure/Stress

Pore Pressure Process

Transit Time DT from ISONIC or DSI

OBG computed using density

Real Time Sonic Data

13

1000

16000

16000

17000

17000

18000

18000

19000

19000

20000

21000

22000

22000
Delta T

23000
24000

24000

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15

PPG
16

17

20000

21000

23000

14

15000

TVD (ft)

TVD (ft)

15000

Us/ft

LLabrusse@slb.com

OverBurden

18

Schlumberger Private

10

Pore Pressure Analysis

Pore Pressure Initial Calibration

Computed Pore Pressure need Calibration

Draw a compaction trendline

Real Time Sonic Data
1000

13

16000

16000

17000

17000

18000

18000

19000
20000
21000
22000

15

PPG
16

17

18

19000

Connection Gas required

increasing MW

20000
21000

Delta T

23000

Trend1
24000

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14

15000

TVD (ft)

TVD (ft)

15000

Us/ft

22000

OverBurden

23000

Pore Pressure 1

24000

LLabrusse@slb.com

Mud Weight

Schlumberger Private

10

Pore Pressure Analysis

Refine the model

Calibrate pore pressure model to
drilling vent

Re-draw compaction trendline

Real Time Sonic Data
1000

13

16000

16000

17000

17000

18000

18000

19000
20000
21000

PPG
15

16

17

19000
20000
21000

22000

Delta T

22000

23000

Trend1

23000

Trend2
24000

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14

15000

TVD (ft)

TVD (ft)

15000

Us/ft

LLabrusse@slb.com

24000

OverBurden
Pore Pressure 1
Pore Pressure 2
Mud Weight

18

Schlumberger Private

10

Pore Pressure Analysis

Pore Pressure Final Calibration

Run wireline Formation Tester to confirm Pore Pressure model
Real Time Sonic Data
13

1000

16000

16000

17000

17000

18000

18000

19000
20000

15

PPG
16

17

19000
20000
21000

21000
22000

Delta T

22000

23000

Trend1

23000

Trend2
24000

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14

15000

TVD (ft)

TVD (ft)

Us/ft

LLabrusse@slb.com

24000

OverBurden
Pore Pressure 1
Pore Pressure 2
Mud Weight
MDTs

18

Schlumberger Private

10
15000

Pore Pressure Analysis

Sand Production

z Identify potential sanding zones

z Determine sanding risks - Prediction
z Recommend optimum drilling, completion and

production techniques to reduce sanding problems

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Data Consulting Services

LLabrusse@slb.com

Schlumberger Private

Objectives

Weak and unconsolidated rocks

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Zero strength
Dry sand

Very very weak

Damp sand

Very weak
Weakly-cemented
high

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LLabrusse@slb.com

Weak
Stronger cement
lower

Sand Prediction in weak rock

To get sand from well or perforation:
Flow Rate - sand must be transported
Change the geometry of completion and/or stimulate flow

rate

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LLabrusse@slb.com

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Stress - sand must be separated from the rock (failure)

Sand Prediction - Methodology

Input required:

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LLabrusse@slb.com

No oil

Just oil

Well
pressure
Sand and oil

Reservoir pressure

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9 Rock mechanic
properties
9 In-situ stresses
(magnitude and
orientation)
9 Completions program

Sand Prediction
Sensitivity Analysis on input parameters

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Application of Rock Mechanics

Well and platform location planning, &
trajectory planning

Reservoir performance and dynamics

(coupled petrophysics)

ROP prediction & drilling optimization

Reservoir compaction & subsidence

Bit design & selection

Pore pressure prediction

Reservoir stimulation (frac treatments &

injection)

Wellbore stability evaluation and

management

Waste disposal (including cuttings

reinjection, NORM, liquids)

Mud window and ECD management

Fault activation (loss of containment & loss

of wells) & induced seismicity

Solids control & completion design

Perforation design
Well design
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LLabrusse@slb.com

Underground storage (including gas, potable

water, rad waste)

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Stress state evaluation and reservoir

characterisation