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Contents
1. Introduction
2. Test Facilities
-
Range Trade-Off
Range Comparison
Compact Test Range
Facility Heritage
Illumination System
Feeds
Instrumentation
4. Measurement Applications
2
5. Conclusion
Introduction
Test Facilities
Range Trade-Off
Far-Field Range
Near-Field Range
Compact Test Range
Range Comparison
Test Facilities
Scenario for Communication Satellite Antennas
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AMTA Europe Short Course 2004
Range Trade-Off
Range Comparison
Far-Field Range
Advantage
Disadvantage
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AMTA Europe Short Course 2004
Dynamic range?
Measurement Accuracy?
Range Trade-Off
Range Comparison
Near-Field Range
Advantage
Accurate measurements (0.1 - 40 GHz)
Short measurement distance < 5 m:
Low free space losses
Low reflection sensitivity
Indoor measurement range:
Cleanroom conditions
24 hours / day operations
Low reflectivity
Easy Gravity Compensation for DUT
Limitation / Disadvantage
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AMTA Europe Short Course 2004
Compact Range
Advantage
Direct far field measurement:
No data transformation required
Real-time measurements
Easy operation
Short measurement distance < 20m:
Low free space losses
Accurate measurements (1.5-200 GHz)
Indoor measurement range:
Cleanroom conditions
24 hours / day operations
Low reflectivity
Limitation / Disadvantage
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AMTA Europe Short Course 2004
Range Trade-Off
Compact Range Principles
Plane Wave
&
Test Zone
Source Feed
(Spherical wave)
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AMTA Europe Short Course 2004
Starting Point:
Source feed generating spherical
wave
Parabolic Reflector:
transforms phase front,
spherical wave => plane wave
(equal distances between source
feed and test zone results in
constant phase front)
Amplitude remains almost
unchanged
Requirement:
Source generates uniform
amplitude
Range Trade-Off
Compact Range Principles
Single Reflector
(Paraboloid)
Double Reflector
(2 Cylinder Paraboloids)
Double Reflector
(Hyperboloid + Paraboloid)
Comparison of Complexity:
1 reflector
double curvature
2 reflectors
single curvature
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AMTA Europe Short Course 2004
2 reflectors
double curvature
Range Trade-Off
Compact Range Principles
1:2
1:4
Phase +
Amplitude - / Asymm.
Phase +
Amplitude ++ / Symm.
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Range Trade-Off
Compact Range Principles
Co-Polar
-0.3
-0.2
-0.1 dB
-0.1
-0.5
-0.1
-0.2
Cross-Polar
-27
-30 dB
-25
-30
No
Cross-Polarization
-30
-27
12
Single Reflector
-30
-25
Dual Reflector (Single Curved)
Range Trade-Off
Compact Range Principles
Two concepts
Rolled
Edges
Serrated
Edges
Rel. Amplitude, dB
21
Case b)
Case c)
21
Case a)
b)
c)
Width in Wavelength
13
14
21
21
Phase in
Case a)
Width in Wavelength
Conclusions:
1) Diffraction reduces Quiet Zone Size to approx. 80% of Main Reflector Dimensions
2) Good Performance at 1.5 GHz requires at least 1.5m Serration Length
Measurement
Facility
Heritage
Photo: DSS
Alcatel
BAe
Systems
CNES
SSL
Photo: SSL
Photo: SPAR
CCR 75/60
Turn Key
(closed)
CCR 75/60
CCR 75/60
CCR 75 /60
CNTF - 30
Turn Key
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Photo: Aerospatiale
Photo: DASA/DSS
Photo: DSS
EMS
LMAS
CCR 75/60
1992
Astrium
CCR 20/17
Photo: LMAS
1995
EADS
Military
Aircraft
CCR 20/17
Munich
University
(FH)
2004
1985
Astrium
CNTF - 8
Turn Key
ISRO
A/B
INTESPACE
Photo: CNES
Photo: DSS
CAST
MELCO
Photo: Siemens
KHI
CCR 75/60
Turn Key
Photo: INTESPACE
Photo: MELCO
Photo: KHI
CCR 75/60
Photo: DSS
CCR 120/100
Turn Key
SCR 50E
Photo: DSS
CCR 75/60
Turn Key
Photo: DSS
SCR 60
CCR 75/60
(5 m QZ)
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Reflector
Sub
Main
5.6 x 5.3 m
7.5 + 1 x 6.0 m
30 m
40 m
35m RMS
35m RMS
1.5 m
1.5 m
Number of Segments
1.1 m
1.1 m
44 000 kg
77 000 kg
Billboard
Focal Length
Surface Accuracy
Serration Length
Mass
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Reflector Technology
Spherical Cast Iron Material
Milled by a 5-Axes Laser Controlled Milling Machine
Milling Steps and Tracks ~ 2 .. 3 m
Few monolithic Segments enabling
Easy and fast Installation
Easy and high accurate Alignment
0.5 dB
6 deg
< - 40 dB
1 dB @ 35 dB
0.25 dB
0.014 deg
10 deg
0.0003 deg
Typical Data
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Co-Polar
-10
-15
-15
-20
-25
-30
-35
-20
-25
-30
-35
-40
-40
-45
-45
-50
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
Azimuth Angle [deg.]
10
15
Cross-Polar
-5
-10
Rel. Field Amplitude [dB]
-5
23
20
-50
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
Azimuth Angle [deg.]
10
15
20
Test Antenna: Elliptical C-Band Offset Reflector Antenna (Rx: 5.854 6.298 GHz)
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Performance Data
*within FoV: 9
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1.47 .. 18 GHz
18 .. 40 GHz
27.. 40 % BW
typ. 13.4 dBi
< 0.75 dB
< 3.5
< - 38 .. - 42 dB
< - 15 .. - 18 dB
< - 35 .. - 40 dB
< 0.2 .. 0.5 dB
Performed Measurements:
Co-Polar Pattern:
8 Cuts
Amplitude and Phase (S21): 4 Cuts
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Performed Measurements:
Cross-Polar Pattern:
8 Cuts
Amplitude and Phase (S21): 4 Cuts
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Frequency [GHz]
System Dynamic [dB]
(S/N=1, Avg=1)
1,50
3,00
6,00
12,00
18,00
26,50
40,00
80
72
64
73
66
71
58
Avg=128 Avg=128
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CCR
RJ
HP87301D
Amplif ier
HP85331A
2x
6 dB
Feed
DUT
4x
6 dB
HP85332A
RJ
4
13
3
15
17
18
16
5
20 dB
14
LNA
HP85320B
HP85320B
10
RJ
19
20
22
21
RJ
Rack
Rack
8
Sy nthesizer
HP83640L
11
LO/IF Unit
HP85309A
Power Ampl. 12
Supply
Cable
Duct
LO/IF Unit
HP85309A23
Power Ampl. 26
Supply
Sy nthesizer
HP83621B
24
HP8348A
9
Bus-Extender
HP37204A
RF Signal
LO Signal
Bus-Extender
HP37204A 28
IF Signal
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25
27
Operator - Room
Receiv er
HP8530A
Bus-Extender
HP37204A
29
CCR
RJ
HP87301D
Amplif ier
Power Head B
1. Measurement
2x
HP85331A 6 dB
Feed
2. Measurement
4x
6 dB HP85332A
4
1
3
20 dB
14
LNA
15
17
18
16
13
5
RJ
60 m
HP85320B
22
10
RJ
HP85320B
19
20
21
30 m
RJ
Power Head A
Reference
30 m
Rack
Rack
8
Sy nthesizer
HP83640L
11
LO/IF Unit
HP85309A
Cable
Duct
Power Ampl. 12
Supply
LO/IF Unit
HP85309A23
Power Ampl. 26
Supply
Sy nthesizer
HP83621B
24
HP8348A
9
Bus-Extender
HP37204A
RF Signal
LO Signal
25
27
Bus-Extender
HP37204A 28
Power
Meter
29
Receiv er
HP8530A
Bus-Extender
HP37204A
30
IF Signal
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Operator - Room
TX Feed Array
TX Antenna @ Compact
Range CCR75/60 of
Astrium
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10
Block Diagram
Elevation
Elevation
Zone D
Zone B
Zone C
Hemi B
Zone F
Zone E
Zone A
Hemi A
Zone G
Hemi B
Zone D
Zone B/E
Zone C/F/G
Zone A
Hemi A
-10
-10
0
-10
Azimuth
-10
10
Hemi Beams
Azimuth
10
Zone Beams
10
Elevation
Elevation
10
-10
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Azimuth
10
-10
-10
-10
Azimuth
10
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Zone Beams
Test Drivers
Complex BFN structure with up to 145 SCRIMP horns
Short development time
Only one Protoflight Model (PFM) was foreseen
Strict performance monitoring to detect any malfunction
at an early stage requires
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Test Flow
Beam Forming Network
Meas. @ BFN Level
Prior to the
feed integration
with Mock-Up
structure
Processing Steps
1. Measure excitation coefficients
of BFN and calculate the
primary pattern
2. Calculate the spherical wave
expansion coefficients (SWE)
for every horn pattern
3. Calculate the secondary far field
pattern using a synthetic
reflector model
4. Compare with other types of
measurement and/or prediction
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Elevation
10.0
-10.0
41
-10.0
Azimuth
10.0
2.
3.
4.
5.
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2.
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Spacecraft at Compact
Range CCR 75/60 of
Space Systems/Loral
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Results
Knowledge of Complex Excitation Coefficients sufficient for
Calculation of Secondary Far field Pattern
Highly Accurate Near Field Testing at extreme Temperatures
possible
Monitoring and Performance Tracing along Manufacturing Process
possible
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AMTA Europe Short Course 2004
Conclusion
Measurement Techniques
Key Factors:
Test Facility
Test Equipment & Instrumentation
Test Philosophy
Test Procedure
Test Personnel
Exemplary Test Campaign shown with INTALSAT-IX Antenna Testing
performed at EADS Astrium in Ottobrunn
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