Epd118 Granarolo High Quality Milk 2013-10-14

ENVIRONMENTAL PRODUCT
DECLARATION OF
HIGH-QUALITY
PASTEURIZED MILK
PACKAGED IN PET BOTTLES*
* 0,5 litres, 1 litre

and 1,5 litres bottles
CPC code
Revision no.
2211 - Processed
liquid milk
(unstats.un.org)
2 del 14/10/2013
Certification no.
S-P 00118
Valid until
Reference year
Geographical scope
14/10/2016
2012
Italy
ENVIRONMENTAL PRODUCT DECLARATION OF HIGH QUALITY PASTEURIZED MILK PACKAGED IN PET BOTTLES
1. THE COMPANY
1. THE COMPANY
2. certification
The company was set up in 1957 by a small cooperative
situated near Bologna and owned by Granlatte Societ
Cooperativa Agricola, together with which it forms the largest
milk chain in Italy, with shares held directly by the farmer
members of the cooperative.
Since the early nineties, the Group has been divided into
two distinct, synergistic structures: a consortium of milk
producers (Granlatte) which operates in the farming industry
and collects the raw material and a joint-stock company
(Granarolo S.p.A.), which controls the industrial and marketing
activities.
Granarolo is one of the leading food-processing companies in
Italy. The Group closed the year 2012 with a turnover of about
923 million euros and has:

7 production plants distributed across the country;
2,024 employees;
1,200 refrigerated vehicles for the distribution.
The groups business is divided into 3 main areas: milk &
cream, yogurt and dairy products.
Granarolo is the leading Italian company in the sale of fresh
milk and is one of the leaders on the market for UHT
milk (2nd largest market share), yogurt (3rd) and fresh cheese
(2nd).
The central office of Granarolo S.p.A. is situated in Bologna
and it has production plants in several regions of Italy.
3. THE PRODUCT
4. the production
process
5. METHODOLOGY
6. SYSTEM BOUNDARIES
AND MAIN HYPOTHESES
7. ENVIRONMENTAL
PERFORMANCES
8. ADDITIONAL
INFORMATION
2. CERTIFICATION
Granarolo adopts an integrated approach to quality policies
that combines economic, environmental and ethical objectives
along the entire food chain, from the farm to the consumers
table.
A path upon which the Company embarked about 15 years

ago, by opting for a high quality strategy that has culminated
today in the traceability of the chain, in the quality, in the
environment and occupational safety.
9. DIFFERENCES FROM
THE PREVIOUS VERSION
OF THE EPD
10. CONTACTS
11. PCR AND CERTIFYING
BODY
12. REFERENCES
13. GLOSSARY
PAGE 2
1. THE COMPANY
3. the product
2. certification
This Environmental Product Declaration EPD concerns the
High Quality pasteurized fresh milk packaged in one and a half
litre, one litre and half litre PET bottles.
Granarolo High Quality Milk is one hundred percent Italian
and comes from selected farms, where cows are fed naturally.
The Controlled Chain certification attests the respect of
excellence levels in milking, in collecting, in all the phases of
production and distribution.
The path that led to the production of High Quality milk
set out in 1982, when the Granarolo-Granlatte group set up
the milk supplier payment system based on specific quality
parameters, with a view to orienting the entire supply chain
(starting from the farmers) towards obtaining a superior quality
product with the following advantages:
monitoring of production in the cowshed, through strict

quality controls;
constant retraining of the zootechnical operators;
technical support in auto-monitoring the farms, offered by
Granlatte.
In 1992, Granarolo was the first company to put high quality
milk on the market, going beyond the standards laid down by
Italian law (Lex n169/89 and DM n 185/91).
The standards currently adopted by Granarolo for the raw
material used enable the milk to be subjected to a more delicate
pasteurization process so as to make it more similar to milk
freshly milked and, in addition, the milk is completely safe from
the point of view of health and hygiene.
3. THE PRODUCT
4. the production
process
5. METHODOLOGY
AND MAIN HYPOTHESES
7. ENVIRONMENTAL
PERFORMANCES
8. ADDITIONAL
INFORMATION
PARAMETERS
WEIGHTED
MEAN
GEOMETRICAL
MEAN
LAW
STANDARD
Fat p/v
3.90%
> 3.60%
Proteins p/v
Somatic cells
(thousands of cells per ml)
Bacterial load
(thousands of bacteria per ml)
3.45%
> 3.20%
223
< 300
13
< 100
tabLE 1 quality and safety standards of the granarolo raw material
PAGE 3
Energy value
281 kJ (67 kcal)
Proteins
3,35 g
Charbohydrates
5.00 g (of which sugar 5.00 g)
Fat
3.75 g (of which saturated 2.53 g)
Food fibre
0.00 g
Sodium
0.05 g
Calcium
120 mg (15% of raccomended daily intake)
tabLE 2 NUTRITIONAL DATA (datA for 100 ml of product).
9. DIFFERENCES FROM
OF THE EPD
10. CONTACTS
BODY
12. REFERENCES
13. GLOSSARY
1. THE COMPANY
4. THE PRODUCTION PROCESS
2. certification
The production process can be divided into the following four
main phases:
production and collecting of raw milk at the cowsheds and
transport to the plants;
production of bottles;
industrial milk pasteurization and packaging process (Figure

1);
transport to the distribution platforms (afterwards the milk
can be distributed to sales points or sent to Transit Point
where the pre-ordered products assembly takes place).
Pieve Emanuele (MI)
72 %
Assolac
28 %
Bologna
2012 total High Quality milk in 1 l PET 94,626,258 litres
Roma
Anzio(RM)
0,5 - 1 litro
Gioia del colle (BA)

0,5 - 1 litro
20.7 %
Pasturago
Gioia del Colle (BA)
33.7 %
Bologna
26 %
Anzio
1
litre
14.2 %
Gioia del Colle
5.4 %
Assolac
2012 total High Quality milk in 0.5 l PET 2,175,406 litres

Nola (NA)
Castrovillari (CS)
1 - 1,5 litri
Production plant
Logistic platform
87.8 %
Gioia del Colle
0.5
litres
figure 1 granarolo plants where in 2012 high quality milk packaged in 1.5 liter, 1 liter and 0.5 liter pet bottles was produced.
PAGE 4
process
AND MAIN HYPOTHESES
7. ENVIRONMENTAL
PERFORMANCES
Bologna
0,5 - 1 - 1,5 litri
Pasturago (MI)
1 litro
1.5
litres
4. the production
5. METHODOLOGY
2012 total High Quality milk in 1.5 l PET 8,387,856 litres
Bologna
3. THE PRODUCT
4%
Anzio
8.2 %
Bologna
8. ADDITIONAL
INFORMATION
9. DIFFERENCES FROM
OF THE EPD
10. CONTACTS
BODY
12. REFERENCES
13. GLOSSARY
1. THE COMPANY
Before being unloaded, the milk received is subjected to
an initial incoming test to make sure that it is suitable for
processing.
After the refrigerated storage phase, the milk is transferred to
the pasteurization process, which consists of a continuous flow
heat treatment at a temperature of 73-75C for 21 (Figure 2).
The phase after the pasteurization process consists in
packaging the milk (Figure 3); the process starts with the
Arrival of raw milk
transformation of the preforms into bottles, which are

transferred to the filling machine and then labelled and grouped
into bundles located on pallets.
The packaged milk is then transferred to distribution from
where it will be distributed directly to the points of sale or
via the Transit Points where the pre-ordered products are
assembled.
Pasteurized
milk
Stretch-blow moulding
Cooling
Cooling
Pasteurization
Storage in silo
Degassing
8. ADDITIONAL
INFORMATION
PAGE 5
PERFORMANCES
9. DIFFERENCES FROM
OF THE EPD
Pallettizing and winding
10. CONTACTS
Storage in refrigerator

BODY
Skimming
Shipment
figure 2 diagram of milk pasteurization process.
AND MAIN HYPOTHESES
Labelling
Titration
Homogenization
5. METHODOLOGY
7. ENVIRONMENTAL
74 c for 21 seconds
Bacterial removal
4. the production
Packaging
Packaging with heat shrink film

Warming up
3. THE PRODUCT
process
Production of preform
Packaging
2. certification
figure 3 the packaging of milk in pet bottles.
12. REFERENCES
13. GLOSSARY
1. THE COMPANY
5. MetHODOLOGY
2. certification
The environmental performance of the product was quantified
as laid down in the general rules of the EPD Program1 and in
the specifications of the group of products Processed liquid
Milk and cream, using the LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) method regulated by the ISO 14040 series international standards,
which are used to determine environmental impacts in terms
of consumption of resources and atmospheric emissions of a
product or service throughout its life (from cradle to grave).
In this specific case, the LCA analysis was developed using
some LCA databases as a further support tool, such as Ecoinvent and PlasticsEurope (within the software SimaPro v.7.3.3);
the contribution of generic data to the end results was less than
10%. The study was conducted on direct suppliers-producers,
who were sent detailed questionnaires to ensure a complete
characterization of their production activity.
The data are referred to the following periods:
2012 for the processes that take place in the plants in Bologna, Anzio, Gioia del Colle, Pasturago and Assolac-Castrovillari;
2012 for the PET bottle preforms and the PE caps manufacturers.
2012 for the 18 farms of the sample from

which data about milk production were collected.
3. THE PRODUCT
4. the production
process
5. METHODOLOGY
AND MAIN HYPOTHESES
7. ENVIRONMENTAL
PERFORMANCES
8. ADDITIONAL
INFORMATION
International epd System managed by the International epd Consortium iec (www.environdec.com).
9. DIFFERENCES FROM
OF THE EPD
10. CONTACTS
BODY
12. REFERENCES
13. GLOSSARY
PAGE 6
1. THE COMPANY
6. SYSTEM BOUNDARIES AND MAIN HYPOTHESES
2. certification
The limits of the system studied include the entire High Quality
Milk production process handled by Granarolo and, to be more
precise, the production of milk at the farms, the pasteurization
and packaging at the Granarolo Group and Assolac Castrovillari
plants, the transport to the preliminary storage platforms and
then to the Transit Points.
A detailed diagram of the system analysed is shown in Figure
4, which illustrates three different levels or subsystems for the
following production activities:
Upstream processes
farms raw milk production at the cowsheds;
production of packaging materials production of the PET
preforms, of the packaging indicated on the bill of materials of

the bottled High Quality Milk and of the auxiliary materials for
the pasteurization process.
Core processes
Granarolo process milk pasteurization and packaging
activities.
Downstream processes
transport of finished product the transport of the PETpackaged High Quality Milk to the distribution platforms and
the transit points;
conservation in the refrigerator;
end of life of primary packaging.
3. THE PRODUCT
4. the production
process
5. METHODOLOGY
AND MAIN HYPOTHESES
7. ENVIRONMENTAL
PERFORMANCES
energy
Raw
materials
Production of caps
and PET preforms
figure 4 diagram of the granarolo milk production system.
PAGE 7
Packaging
Plants: Bologna, Anzio, Gioia del
Colle (Sail), Pasturago, Castrovillari (Assolac).
transport
energy
Transport to
Trasporto
alle
logistic
platforms
transport of finished products
Deiezioni, Rifiuti,
Emissioni Fermentazione Enterica
energy
Pasteurization
Process
transport of
raw milk
output
PRODUCTION
OF PACKAGING
water
Bovini, Alimenti, Acqua,

Feed, Water,
Detergents,
Energy
Detergenti,
Consumi
energetici.
Farms
Aziende
agricole
downstream processes
core processes
trasport of
preforms
production
of raw milk
input
upstream processes
Conservation in
the refrigerator
8. ADDITIONAL
INFORMATION
9. DIFFERENCES FROM
OF THE EPD
10. CONTACTS
BODY
End of life of
primary packaging
12. REFERENCES
13. GLOSSARY
1. THE COMPANY
7. Environmental Performances
2. certification
In accordance with the rules of the EPD system, below are
shown the environmental performances referred to 1 litre of
milk. As the milk is distributed in 1.5, 1 and 0.5 litres bottles,
the results will be presented keeping the functional unit fixed
bottle).
Resources consumption
The need for resources is indicated in three separate sections:
renewable resources (Table 3), non-renewable resources (Table
4) and water consumption (Table 5).
3. THE PRODUCT
4. the production
process
5. METHODOLOGY
upstream
Core
Downstream
AND MAIN HYPOTHESES
1 litre
bottle
RENEWABLE RESOURCES
data for 1 l of product
Material
resources
(data in grams)
Energy resources
(data in MJ)
Milk production
Packaging
production
Other materials
Granarolo
process
Transport
Conservation
End of life of
packaging
T
o
t
a
l
PERFORMANCES
8. ADDITIONAL
INFORMATION
9. DIFFERENCES FROM
OF THE EPD
Wood and biomass
45
<1
<1
<1
58
10. CONTACTS
Hydroelectric
0.13
0.03
0.01
0.09
<0.01
0.19
<0.01
0.46
Eolic
0.01
<0.01
<0.01
0.02
<0.01
0.05
<0.01
0.09
Solar
0.01
0.01
<0.01
<0.01
0.07
0.03
<0.01
0.07
The numbers reported in the tables above are the outcome of rounding. For this reason total results could slightly differ from the sum of contributions of the different phases.
PAGE 8
7. ENVIRONMENTAL

BODY
12. REFERENCES
13. GLOSSARY
1. THE COMPANY
upstream
Core
Downstream
0.5 litres
bottle
RENEWABLE RESOURCES
Milk production
Packaging
production
Other materials
Granarolo
process
Transport
Conservation
End of life of
packaging
Wood and biomass
44
20
<1
<1
<1
69
Hydroelectric
0.13
0.05
0.01
0.09
<0.01
0.19
<0.01
0.47
Eolic
0.01
0.01
<0.01
0.02
<0.01
0.05
<0.01
0.09
Solar
0.01
0.02
<0.01
0.01
<0.01
0.03
<0.01
0.08
Material
resources
(data in grams)
Energy resources
(data in MJ)
upstream
Core
Downstream
1.5 litres
bottle
RENEWABLE RESOURCES
Material
resources
(data in grams)
Energy resources
(data in MJ)
T
o
t
a
l
Wood and biomass
Milk production
45
Packaging
production
Other materials
<1
Granarolo
process
Transport
<1
Conservation
End of life of
packaging
<1
T
o
t
a
l
2. certification
3. THE PRODUCT
4. the production
process
5. METHODOLOGY
AND MAIN HYPOTHESES
7. ENVIRONMENTAL
PERFORMANCES
8. ADDITIONAL
INFORMATION
9. DIFFERENCES FROM
OF THE EPD
55
10. CONTACTS
Hydroelectric
0.13
0.03
0.03
0.05
<0.01
0.19
<0.01
0.44
Eolic
0.01
<0.01
<0.01
0.01
<0.01
0.05
<0.01
0.08
Solar
0.01
0.01
<0.01
0.01
<0.01
0.03
<0.01
0.06
BODY
12. REFERENCES
table 3 total consumption of renewable resources associated with the operations included within the system boundaries. data expressed per litre of milk
(1.5, 1 and 0.5 litres bottles)
13. GLOSSARY
PAGE 9
1. THE COMPANY
upstream
Core
Downstream
T
o
t
a
l
1 litre
bottle
NON RENEWABLE RESOURCES
data per 1 l of product
Material
resources
(data in grams)
Milk production
Packaging
production
Other materials
Granarolo
process
Transport
Conservation
End of life of
packaging
2. certification
3. THE PRODUCT
4. the production
process
Sodium chloride
11.0
0.4
1.8
0.6
<0.1
0.1
<0.1
13.9
Limestone
(CaCO3)
7.9
0.4
0.1
0.3
<0.1
0.7
<0.1
9.3
Potassium chloride
6.4
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1
6.4
AND MAIN HYPOTHESES
Dolomite
5.1
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1
5.1
7. ENVIRONMENTAL
5. METHODOLOGY
PERFORMANCES
Gravel
0.2
2.0
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1
0.1
<0.1
2.3
Oil
15
15
Natural gas
10
10
Other
3.4
0.1
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1
3.7
8. ADDITIONAL
INFORMATION
9. DIFFERENCES FROM
OF THE EPD
10. CONTACTS
Energy resources
(data in grams)
Coal
15
10
13
<1
27
<1
67
Oil
41
15
<1
72
Natural gas
17
28
<1
24
<1
79
Other
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
PAGE 10

BODY
12. REFERENCES
13. GLOSSARY
1. THE COMPANY
upstream
Core
Downstream
T
o
t
a
l
0.5 litres
bottle
Material
resources
(data in grams)
Milk production
Packaging
production
Other materials
Granarolo
process
Transport
Conservation
End of life of
packaging
2. certification
3. THE PRODUCT
4. the production
process
Sodium chloride
11.2
0.6
4.6
0.2
<0.1
0.1
<0.1
16.6
Limestone
(CaCO3)
7.9
0.6
0.2
0.3
<0.1
0.7
<0.1
9.7
Potassium chloride
6.3
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1
6.3
AND MAIN HYPOTHESES
Dolomite
5.2
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1
5.2
7. ENVIRONMENTAL
5. METHODOLOGY
PERFORMANCES
Gravel
0.2
4.6
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1
0.1
<0.1
4.8
Oil
15
15
Natural gas
10
10
Other
3.4
0.3
0.1
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1
3.8
8. ADDITIONAL
INFORMATION
9. DIFFERENCES FROM
OF THE EPD
10. CONTACTS
Energy resources
(data in grams)
Coal
15
17
12
<1
27
<1
73
Oil
41
30
18
<1
97
Natural gas
17
20
25
24
<1
88
Other
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
PAGE 11

BODY
12. REFERENCES
13. GLOSSARY
1. THE COMPANY
upstream
Core
Downstream
1.5 litres
bottle
T
o
t
a
l
2. certification
3. THE PRODUCT
Milk production
Packaging
production
Other materials
Granarolo
process
Transport
Conservation
End of life of
packaging
Sodium chloride
11.0
0.4
2.8
0.5
<0.1
0.1
<0.1
14.7
Limestone
(CaCO3)
7.9
0.4
0.2
0.2
<0.1
0.7
<0.1
9.3
Potassium chloride
6.5
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1
6.5
Dolomite
5.1
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1
5.1
Gravel
1.8
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1
1.8
PERFORMANCES
Oil
15
15
8. ADDITIONAL
INFORMATION
Natural gas
10
10
Other
1.8
1.5
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1
0.1
<0.1
3.4
Coal
15
11
<1
27
<1
65
Oil
41
18
11
<1
81
Natural gas
17
36
24
<1
89
Other
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
4. the production
process
Material
resources
(data in grams)
Energy resources
(data in grams)
5. METHODOLOGY
AND MAIN HYPOTHESES
7. ENVIRONMENTAL
9. DIFFERENCES FROM
OF THE EPD
10. CONTACTS
BODY
12. REFERENCES
table 4 total consumption of non-renewable resources associated with the operations considered in the system boundaries. data expressed per litre
of milk (1.5, 1 and 0.5 litres bottles).
PAGE 12
13. GLOSSARY
1. THE COMPANY
upstream
Core
Downstream
1 litre
bottle
Milk production
Packaging
production
Other materials
Granarolo
process
Transport
Conservation
End of life of
packaging
water consumption (l/l)
1502
<1
<1
<1
<1
T
o
t
a
l
2. certification
3. THE PRODUCT
4. the production
155
process
5. METHODOLOGY
upstream
Core
Downstream
0.5 litres
bottle
Milk production
Packaging
production
Other materials
Granarolo
process
Transport
Conservation
End of life of
packaging
1472
<1
<1
<1
upstream
Core
T
o
t
a
l
152
AND MAIN HYPOTHESES
7. ENVIRONMENTAL
PERFORMANCES
8. ADDITIONAL
INFORMATION
9. DIFFERENCES FROM
OF THE EPD
Downstream
1.5 litres
bottle
Milk production
Packaging
production
Other materials
Granarolo
process
Transport
Conservation
End of life of
packaging
1502
<1
<1
<1
<1
T
o
t
a
l
159
10. CONTACTS
BODY
12. REFERENCES
table 5 total water consumption. data expressed in litres per litre of milk (1.5, 1 and 0,5 litre bottles).
PAGE 13
13. GLOSSARY
upstream
Core
Milk production
Waste to recycling (g)
Packaging
production
Other materials
<1
upstream
Granarolo
process
Transport
22
<1
Core
3. THE PRODUCT
Conservation
<1
End of life of
packaging
9
T
o
t
a
l
process
5. METHODOLOGY
33
Downstream
WASTE
for 1 l of product
Milk production
Packaging
production
Other materials
Granarolo
process
Transport
Conservation
End of life of
packaging
<1
<1
<1
15
Core
4. the production
AND MAIN HYPOTHESES
0.5 litre
bottle
upstream
2. certification
Downstream
1 litre
bottle
WASTE
for 1 l of product
1. THE COMPANY
waste. In table 6 the total amount of waste produced in

order to produce one litre of milk is shown.
Waste production
Another important data item in the description of the
environmental impacts of the system is the production of
T
o
t
a
l
24
Downstream
1.5 litre
bottle
WASTE
for 1 l of product
Milk production
Packaging
production
Other materials
Granarolo
process
Transport
Conservation
End of life of
packaging
<1
201
<1
<1
T
o
t
a
l
212
7. ENVIRONMENTAL
PERFORMANCES
8. ADDITIONAL
INFORMATION
9. DIFFERENCES FROM
OF THE EPD
10. CONTACTS
BODY
12. REFERENCES
TabLE 6 waste production (data expressed in grams per litre of milk for 1, 1.5 and 0.5 litre formats).
PAGE 14
13. GLOSSARY
Emissions into air and water

With regard to the emission of pollutants, the EPD
International System lays down that they must be presented
in aggregate form, assessing them through indicators that
refer to different types of environmental impact
1. THE COMPANY
The results of this characterization are given in Table 7 below in
which they are expressed for one litre of milk.
2. certification
3. THE PRODUCT
4. the production
upstream
Core
process
Downstream
1 litre
bottle
impact indicators
Milk production
Packaging
production
Other materials
Granarolo
process
Transport
Conservation
End of life of
packaging
T
o
t
a
l
5. METHODOLOGY
AND MAIN HYPOTHESES
7. ENVIRONMENTAL
PERFORMANCES
Photochemical ozone creation

potential
g C2H4 eq
Acidification potential
g SO2 eq
0.48
5.66
0.11
0.28
0.01
0.07
0.05
0.30
0.01
0.10
0.06
0.50
<0.01
<0.01
0.71
8. ADDITIONAL
INFORMATION
6.92
9. DIFFERENCES FROM
OF THE EPD
10. CONTACTS
Eutrophication potential
g PO4 eq
4.24
0.05
0.01
0.10
0.02
0.17
0.05
4.64

BODY
3
the phases of an lca classification and characterization study entail identifying a series of potential environmental effects and then determining which of
12. REFERENCES
the impacts identified during the inventory phase contributes to a given effect (classification). another aim of this phase is to assign a umeric value to the degree to which the process examined contributes to the potential impacts identified by determining given environmental indicators (characterization).
PAGE 15
13. GLOSSARY
1. THE COMPANY
Core
upstream
Downstream
0.5 litres
bottle
Milk production
impact indicators

potential
g C2H4 eq
Packaging
production
Other materials
Granarolo
process
Transport
Conservation
End of life of
packaging
T
o
t
a
l
2. certification
3. THE PRODUCT
4. the production
0.47
0.16
<0.01
0.04
0.04
0.06
<0.01
0.77
process
5. METHODOLOGY
g SO2 eq
5.68
g PO4 eq
4.18
0.44
0.08
0.05
0.01
0.26
0.10
0.30
0.07
0.50
0.17
<0.01
0.08
7.23
4.69
AND MAIN HYPOTHESES
7. ENVIRONMENTAL
Core
upstream
PERFORMANCES
Downstream
1.5 litres
bottle
Milk production
Packaging
production
Other materials
Granarolo
process
Transport
Conservation
End of life of
packaging

potential
g C2H4 eq
0.48
0.12
<0.01
0.01
0.05
0.06
<0.01
0.75
g SO2 eq
5.68
0.30
0.13
0.22
0.18
0.50
<0.01
7.02
g PO4 eq
4.25
0.05
0.03
0.08
0.04
0.17
0.05
4.67
iImpact indicators
T
o
t
a
l
Table 7 - impacts indicators for 1 litre of milk
PAGE 16
8. ADDITIONAL
INFORMATION
9. DIFFERENCES FROM
OF THE EPD
10. CONTACTS
BODY
12. REFERENCES
13. GLOSSARY
Environmental footprints
The ecological footprint, the carbon footprint and the water footprint for one litre of milk in the different formats (1, 0.5, 1.5 litres)
1. THE COMPANY
were calculated and reported in table 8.
2. certification
3. THE PRODUCT
1 litre
bottle
Milk production
ENVIRONMENTAL FOOTPRINTS
3.6
Packaging
production
0.3
Other materials
<0.1
Granarolo
process
0.3
Transport
0.1
T
o
t
a
l
4.3
4. the production
process
Conservation
0.4
End of life of
packaging
<0.1
global m2/l
5. METHODOLOGY
AND MAIN HYPOTHESES
7. ENVIRONMENTAL
PERFORMANCES
8. ADDITIONAL
INFORMATION
1.154
0.09
0.01
0.12
0.02
1.39
0.14
<0.01
kg CO2 eq/l
9. DIFFERENCES FROM
OF THE EPD
10. CONTACTS
1,350
<10
<10
<10
<10
1,350
litri/l
<10
<10

BODY
12. REFERENCES
4
of which 0,65 kg deriving from CH4 produced by enteric fermentations and during the manure storage phases.
PAGE 17
13. GLOSSARY
1. THE COMPANY
2. certification
0.5 litres
bottle
Milk production
Packaging
production
Other materials
Granarolo
process
Transport
T
o
t
a
l
3. THE PRODUCT
Conservation
End of life of
packaging
4. the production
process
5. METHODOLOGY
3.6
0.5
<0.1
0.3
0.2
4.6
0.4
<0.1
global m2/l
AND MAIN HYPOTHESES
7. ENVIRONMENTAL
PERFORMANCES
1.145
0.16
0.01
0.11
0.06
1.48
0.14
0.02
kg CO2 eq/l
8. ADDITIONAL
INFORMATION
9. DIFFERENCES FROM
OF THE EPD
1,320
<10
<10
<10
<10
1,320
litri/l
<10
<10
10. CONTACTS
BODY
12. REFERENCES
13. GLOSSARY
PAGE 18
1. THE COMPANY
2. certification
1.5 litres
bottle
Milk production
Packaging
production
Other materials
Granarolo
process
Transport
T
o
t
a
l
3. THE PRODUCT
Conservation
End of life of
packaging
4. the production
process
5. METHODOLOGY
3.6
0.3
0.1
0.3
0.1
4.4
0.4
<0.1
global m2/l
AND MAIN HYPOTHESES
7. ENVIRONMENTAL
PERFORMANCES
1.156
0.10
0.03
0.13
0.04
1.45
0.14
0.01
kg CO2 eq/l
8. ADDITIONAL
INFORMATION
9. DIFFERENCES FROM
OF THE EPD
1,350
<10
<10
<10
<10
1,350
litri/l
<10
<10
10. CONTACTS
Table 8 - ENVIRONMENTAL FOOTRPINT OF 1 LITRE OF MILK

6
BODY
12. REFERENCES
13. GLOSSARY
PAGE 19
1. THE COMPANY
8. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
2. certification
Representativeness of the farms
Granarolo acquires the raw material from a large number of
farms, all situated in Italy, which are divided into classes, not
only on the basis of the number of animals but also in terms of
the quantity of milk produced per day (expressed in litres/day).
The distribution of milk producers according to the distinction
made by Granarolo is illustrated in Figure 5, from which it
emerges that most of the milk (63.1%) comes from the
cowsheds with a daily production of over 3,000 litres/day.
contributions to total milk production of farms categories
26.4%
1.001 - 3.000 l/g
64.9%
>3.000 l/g
6.5%
501 - 1.000 l/g
2.2%
0-500 l/g
Figure 5 contributions to total milk production of the different

farms categories (2012 data).
Primary milk production data

The primary milk production data used for the LCA and to
draw up this Environmental Product Declaration refers to a
sample of 18 farms; in quantitative terms, the production of
these companies was equivalent to 14% of the high quality milk
produced by Granarolo in 2012. As regards their production, the
sample cowsheds belong to the three main categories shown in
Figure 5 (501-1,000 l/g, 1,001-3,000 l/g and > 3,000 l/g), so as
to guarantee that 97.6% of the high quality milk produced and
delivered to Granarolo is represented (the cowsheds with a productivity of less than 500 litres/day, which account for 2.4% of
the milk were left out of the sample).
Primary milk processing data
The primary milk processing and packaging data refers to all
the 5 plants indicated in Figure 1 and accounts for 100% of the
production of Granarolo High Quality Milk packaged in 1.5, 1
and 0.5 litre PET bottles.
Use and end of life of the bottle
The impacts associated with the use of the milk and
management of the primary packaging after use are closely
correlated with the consumers behaviour.
Consumption of High Quality Milk
As regards the use phase, the main environmental impact
is associated with the storage of the fresh product in the
refrigerator, considering that High Quality Milk has a life of 6
days following pasteurization.
3. THE PRODUCT
4. the production
process
5. METHODOLOGY
AND MAIN HYPOTHESES
7. ENVIRONMENTAL
PERFORMANCES
8. ADDITIONAL
INFORMATION
9. DIFFERENCES FROM
OF THE EPD
10. CONTACTS
BODY
12. REFERENCES
13. GLOSSARY
PAGE 20
End of life of the primary packaging

The 1 litre PET bottle is a modern remake of the glass
bottle (used in Italy until the seventies); the new container
was designed with a view to combining the value of tradition with respect for the environment and the need for a
more practical container. In order to reduce the consumption of raw materials, Granarolo has gradually reduced the
weight of the bottle, by undertaking a project to this aim
in 2001, starting from a PET bottle weight of 29 g in 2007,
reaching 25 g in 2008, 23.5 g in 2009-2010 and 23 g in 2012,
these bottles maintaining their shape and technical characteristics at the same time.
The information given in this document refers to all the
phases that can be controlled directly by Granarolo, so the
end of life management of the package (waste disposal) lies
outside the system boundaries assessed in the LCA analysis and the EPD, as indicated in the reference PCR.
Nevertheless, in relation to the handling of PET bottles at
the end of their life, it should be pointed out that the environmental impacts depend mainly on the behaviour of the
end user and the local availability of efficient separate waste
collection services. According to statistics, on average, PET
waste in Italy10 is disposed of as follows:
recycling 36%;
waste to energy systems 35%;
delivery to dump 29%.
There are two ways of recycling PET: it can be transformed
into secondary raw material or it can be converted into energy as illustrated in Figure 6.
1. THE COMPANY
2. certification
3. THE PRODUCT
4. the production
process
5. METHODOLOGY
AND MAIN HYPOTHESES
7. ENVIRONMENTAL
PERFORMANCES
Recycling
Feedstock energy
8. ADDITIONAL
INFORMATION
PET recycling eliminates the need to

produce granules from natural raw
materials.
One PET bottle has a calorific power

(feedstock energy) of about 1 MJ, which
may be converted into usable energy.
9. DIFFERENCES FROM
OF THE EPD
The production of 23 g of virgin PET

required about 40 g of energy resources
(oil, gas and coal) and causes the emission of about 80 g of CO2-eq.
1 MJ of energy corresponds to about 0,025

Nm3 of natural gas or 0,026 litres of diesel
and is sufficient for an average-engine
car to travel for about 400 m.
10. CONTACTS
Source: Plastics Europe
1 bottle =
23 grams of PET
figure 6 possible ways of reusing the pet bottle (23 g) at the end of its life. 10 SOURCE: 2012 coNAI report.

BODY
12. REFERENCES
13. GLOSSARY
PAGE 21
1. THE COMPANY
9. DIFFERENCES FROM THE

PREVIOUS VERSION OF THE EPD
2. certification
3. THE PRODUCT
Compared to the previous version of the EPD, in addition to the

update of the data, there have been the following changes:
the method of calculation of the impacts of milk is changed
(the reference are PCR 2013:16 Raw Milk recently released);
the method of allocation of the impacts of different dairy
products at the processing plants is changed (the refrence
are the recently published PCR 2013:17);
data used for the modeling of PET were updated with more
recent literature sources (Plastics Europe, 2011);
the amount of product packaged in various plants has been
updated with the 2012 data. In particular the production in

Bologna and Anzio of the 0.5 liters format, previously produced only in Gioia del Colle, has begun.
4. the production
process
5. METHODOLOGY
AND MAIN HYPOTHESES
7. ENVIRONMENTAL
PERFORMANCES
10. CONTActs
For further information about the Granarolo Group or
this environmental declaration, contact Mirella Di Stefano
(Environmental Management System Specialist of the
Granarolo Group) by telephone: no. 051-41.62.599, by e-mail:
mirella.distefano@granarolo.it or by writing to Granarolo
8. ADDITIONAL
INFORMATION
S.p.A., Via Cadriano 27/2 40127 Bologna - Italia. Alternatively,
information can be found at the www.granarolo.it site.
Granarolo was given technical support by Life Cycle
Engineering srl (www.studiolce.it).
9. DIFFERENCES FROM
OF THE EPD
10. CONTACTS
BODY
12. REFERENCES
13. GLOSSARY
PAGE 22
1. THE COMPANY
11. PCR AND certifying body
2. certification
PCR: PCR 2013:17 version 1.0 (2013-09-17) Processed Liquid Milk
and cream(CPC code 221).
Third party verifier: Certiquality

Accredited or approved by: Accredia
PCR review, was conducted by: Technical Committee of the International EPD System.
EPDs belonging to the same product category but coming from

different programs are not necessarily comparable.
3. THE PRODUCT
4. the production
process
PCR moderator: Filippo Sessa Life Cycle Engineering srl

5. METHODOLOGY
Independent verification of the declaration and data, according
to ISO 14025:2006:
EPD process certification
EPD verification
AND MAIN HYPOTHESES
7. ENVIRONMENTAL
PERFORMANCES
8. ADDITIONAL
INFORMATION
9. DIFFERENCES FROM
OF THE EPD
10. CONTACTS
BODY
12. REFERENCES
13. GLOSSARY
PAGE 23
1. THE COMPANY
12. REFERENCES
2. certification
ENEA LCA-lab Laboratorio di ricerca e consulenza ambientale Spin off ENEA Analisi del ciclo di vita di allevamenti Alta
Qualit Granarolo (Aggiornamento dati e ampliamento campione indagine) Rev. 0 del 12/09/2007;
ENEA LCA-lab Laboratorio di ricerca e consulenza ambientale Spin off ENEA Analisi del Ciclo di Vita di allevamenti AQ
del Sud Italia - Rapporto Tecnico LCA RT22 - Revisione 0 del
09/05/2009;
Product Category rules PCR 2013:17 version 1.0 (2013-09-17)
Processed liquid milk and cream (CPC code 221). www.environdec.com
The International EPD System, 2013. General Programme Instructions for the International EPD System, Versione 2.01, del
18/09/2013
IDF 2010, A common carbon footprint approach for dairy. The
IDF guide to standard lifecycle assessment methodology for
the diary sector. Bullettin of International Dairy Federation,
445/2010;
IDF 2005, Guide on Life Cycle Assessment Toward Sustainabiity in the Dairy chain, Bullettin of International Dairy Federation,
398/2005;
ISO 14025:2006. Environmental labels and declarations Type
III environmental declarations Principles and procedures
(www.iso.org);
ISO 14040/14044:2006. ISO series on Life Cycle Assessment
(Valutazione del ciclo di vita), UNI EN ISO 14040:2006 e
14044:2006 (www.iso.org);
3. THE PRODUCT
4. the production
process
5. METHODOLOGY
AND MAIN HYPOTHESES
Software SimaPro versione 7.3.3 del 2012 (www.pre.nl);

IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories
Volume 4 Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use chapter
10 emissions from livestock and manure management (www.
ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp);
7. ENVIRONMENTAL
PERFORMANCES
8. ADDITIONAL
INFORMATION
9. DIFFERENCES FROM
OF THE EPD
10. CONTACTS
BODY
12. REFERENCES
13. GLOSSARY
PAGE 24
1. THE COMPANY
13. GLOSSARY
2. certification
Acidification
It is a phenomenon for which precipitation is unusually acidic, meaning that
it has substandard levels of pH. It can
have harmful effects on plants, aquatic
animals and infrastructure. Acid rain is
caused by emissions of SO2, NOx and
NH3. The acidification potential is measured in mass of sulfur dioxide equivalent
(SO2-eq).
Photochemical Oxidants
Creation
Chemical reaction brought about by the
light energy of the sun. The reaction of
nitrogen oxides with hydrocarbons in the
presence of sunlight forms the ozone in
the troposphere. The indicator is mainly
influenced by VOCs (Volatile organic
compounds) and NOx emissions and is
usually expressed in mass of ethylene
equivalent (C2H4-eq).
Eutrophication
It is an abnoral proliferation of vegetation
in the aquatic ecosystems caused by the
addition of nutrients into rivers, lakes or
ocean, which determinates a lack of oxygen. The utrophication potential is mainly influenced by emission into water of
phosphates and nitrates. It is expressed
in mass of PO4-equivalent.
3. THE PRODUCT
4. the production
process
5. METHODOLOGY
AND MAIN HYPOTHESES
7. ENVIRONMENTAL
PERFORMANCES
Carbon footprint
Ecological footprint
Water footprint
A product carbon footprint is the total

amount of greenhouse gases produced
along the entire life cycle. It is expressed
in equivalent mass of carbon dioxide
(CO2-eq).
The ecological footprint measures the

area of biologically productive land and
water required to provide the resources
used and absorb the carbon dioxide waste
generated along the enire life cycle. It is
measured in standard units called global
hectares (gha).
The water footprint is the water both direct and indirect required to manufacture
a product along its entire life cycle. Water
footprint is defined as green water (evapotranspiration of water from plants), as
blue water (directly used fresh surface
and groundwater) and as grey water (the
volume of water that is required to dilute
pollutants so that the quality of the water
remains above agreed quality standards).
8. ADDITIONAL
INFORMATION
9. DIFFERENCES FROM
OF THE EPD
10. CONTACTS
BODY
12. REFERENCES
13. GLOSSARY
PAGE 25

Epd118 Granarolo High Quality Milk 2013-10-14

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ENVIRONMENTAL PRODUCT

* 0,5 litres, 1 litre

923 million euros and has:

A path upon which the Company embarked about 15 years

monitoring of production in the cowshed, through strict

tabLE 1 quality and safety standards of the granarolo raw material

281 kJ (67 kcal)

5.00 g (of which sugar 5.00 g)

3.75 g (of which saturated 2.53 g)

120 mg (15% of raccomended daily intake)

tabLE 2 NUTRITIONAL DATA (datA for 100 ml of product).

4. THE PRODUCTION PROCESS

industrial milk pasteurization and packaging process (Figure

Pieve Emanuele (MI)

2012 total High Quality milk in 1 l PET 94,626,258 litres

Gioia del colle (BA)

Gioia del Colle (BA)

2012 total High Quality milk in 0.5 l PET 2,175,406 litres

2012 total High Quality milk in 1.5 l PET 8,387,856 litres

Arrival of raw milk

transformation of the preforms into bottles, which are

Pallettizing and winding

11. PCR AND CERTIFYING

figure 2 diagram of milk pasteurization process.

Packaging with heat shrink film

figure 3 the packaging of milk in pet bottles.

2012 for the 18 farms of the sample from

6. SYSTEM BOUNDARIES AND MAIN HYPOTHESES

preforms, of the packaging indicated on the bill of materials of

figure 4 diagram of the granarolo milk production system.

Bovini, Alimenti, Acqua,

Wood and biomass

11. PCR AND CERTIFYING

Wood and biomass

data for 1 l of product

data for 1 l of product

Wood and biomass

11. PCR AND CERTIFYING

NON RENEWABLE RESOURCES

data per 1 l of product

11. PCR AND CERTIFYING

NON RENEWABLE RESOURCES

data per 1 l of product

11. PCR AND CERTIFYING

data per 1 l of product

water consumption (l/l)

water consumption (l/l)

water consumption (l/l)

Waste to recycling (g)

Waste to recycling (g)

waste. In table 6 the total amount of waste produced in

Waste to recycling (g)

Emissions into air and water

data for 1 l of product

Photochemical ozone creation

11. PCR AND CERTIFYING

data for 1 l of product

Photochemical ozone creation

Photochemical ozone creation

data for 1 l of product

11. PCR AND CERTIFYING

Table 8 - ENVIRONMENTAL FOOTRPINT OF 1 LITRE OF MILK

contributions to total milk production of farms categories