ANGEL Torispheric Head Design, using (2010 ASME PV Code Section VIII, div.

2, part 4 rules)
D. Shuman, LBNL, Apr 17, 2011
CF flange window version NW100: full opening

DRAFT

These design rules require selecting trial dimensions and iterating to find acceptable stresses. Shown here
are final dimensions from repeated iterations.
Torispheric head with multiple ports for sapphire windows in NW100 CF flanges. First step determine the
following:
I.D.
Di := 1.14m
Crown radius (largest size possible without using part 5, design by analysis)
constraints
Lcr
Lcr := 1.14m
0.7
1.0 = 1 (true when conditional = 1)
Di
Knuckle radius, here chosen to maximize crown, smallest size that gives sufficient pressure capacity after
increasing head thickness for reinforcement of nozzles. Use 0.17m otherwise
rkn
rkn := .07m
0.06 = 1
Di
(c) Step 3 calculate:
thickness, this is an iterated value after going through part 4.5.10.1 (openings) further down in the
document
Lcr
initial thickness (no nozzle
t ts := 15mm
20
2000 = 1
reinforcement) value: 4.9mm for
t ts
rkn=0.17m; 7mm for rkn=.07m)
0.5D

i kn
th := acos
th = 1.085 rad

Lcr rkn
Lcr t ts
th :=
th = 1.868 rad
rkn
0.5Di rkn
R th :=
+ rkn
<--disabled calculation, because conditional-> th < th = 0 is false
cos th th

<--enabled calculation, because conditional-> th th = 1

R th := 0.5Di
R th = 0.57 m
(d) Step 4 compute:

rkn

rkn
C 1ts := 9.31
0.086
Di
rkn
+ 0.605
Di

C 1ts := 0.692

C 1ts = 0.486

for

Di

for

rkn
Di

0.08 = 1

0.08 = 0

is true

rkn

for

C 2ts := 1.25

rkn

Di

C 2ts := 1.46 2.6

Di
rkn

for

C 2ts = 1.25

Di

0.08 = 1

> 0.08 = 0

(e) Step 5, internal pressure expected to cause elastic buckling at knuckle

C1ts E t ts

Peth :=
C 2ts R th 0.5R th rkn

Peth = 728 bar

(f) Step 6, internal pressure expected to result in maximum stress (Sy) at knuckle
C 3ts := Sy_Ti_g3
Py :=

C3ts t ts

Rth
C2ts Rth 0.5
1
rkn

(g) Step 7

Sy_Ti_g3 := 55000psi

time independent

Py = 26 bar

Peth
Gth :=
Py

Gth = 28.377

0.77508 G 0.20354 G 2 + 0.019274 G 3

th
th
th
P P = 51 bar
Pck :=
1 + 0.19014G 0.089534G 2 + 0.0093965G 3 y ck
th
th
th

(h) Step 8
Pck
Pak :=
1.5

Pak = 34.25 bar

(i) Step 9
Pac :=

2Smax_Ti_g3_div2 1
Lcr
t ts

Pac = 49.1 bar

+ 0.5

(j) Step 10

Pa := min Pak , Pac

Pa = 34.3 bar

OK, min thickness is 4.9mm (no openings rkn=.17m)

4.5.10.1 Radial Nozzle in formed head

We need to accommodate 76mm dia PMT's, having
64mm photocathode, but 7.75cm max dia., and we desire to
fit PMT through opening in head, so let:
R n := 3.95cm
We have no nozzle ( flange does not count for
reinforcement under div 1 and perhaps div 2
t n := 0.01mm

(we need a non zero value for further

calculations)

Considering nozzle as separate from head, to obtain a trial thickness

t n_int_min :=

( )

MAWPpv Rn

Smax_Ti_g3 Ew 0.6 MAWPpv

Fig 4.5.9

t n_int_min = 0.484 mm

However, the nozzle not only must withstand internal pressure, but must also help to carry head stresses
across the openings made for them.
4.5.10.1 Procedure for Radial Nozzle in a Spherical or Formed head

Fig 4.5.20

a) Step 1
R eff := Lcr

(4.5.64)

R eff = 1.14 m

b) Step 2- limit of reinforcement along vessel wall

sec VIII- div. 2 sec 4.3.9.2(d) states that drilled holes for nozzle attachment must be located outside
reinforcement area. for NW100 flange (Rayotek #7). This will likely limit the reinforcement area, if not
limited by other equations. sec VIII- div 1 rules (UG-40(e) state that flanges attached by studs do not
count for reinforcement, even for that part located within the area of reinforcement. sec VII-div 2 rules do
not explicitly state this (insofar as I have found), but is is clear, by implication, that this holds as well.
Plus, I would not rely on the sapphire window to carry any pressure stresses; it is not a material allowed
under the ASME PV rules sec II part D.
NW100 flange dimensions, from Rayotek drawing "Conflat flange External pressure #7 NW100 ( we
need to verify that these are good for 15 bar ext. pressure, not just vacuum, as they have a larger
aperture than ones designed for internal pressure):
bolt circle dia.

bolt hole dia

BC := 13.02cm

BH := 8.4mm

outer diameter
OD := 15.24cm

clear aperture
CA := 8.9cm

Limit of reinforcement along vessel wall:

LR1a := 0.5 BC Rn + 0.5BH

LR1a = 2.14 cm
Though this is likely the minimum, there are other limits to consider. We must first determine the various
Di that will be present (see fig 4.5.9 above). We can use "vectors" in mathCAD to perform parallel
calculations. Three "rings" of flanges will fit if spaced at 8 degree spacing along radius of crown:
d s := Lcr 8 deg

d s = 15.917 cm

check --> OD = 15.24 cm

15.866

DR =
cm
31.423
46.368

53.049
Possible limits of reinforcment:

37.183
(4.5.67)

LR1 := 0.5 Di ( DR + Rn + t n ) LR1 =

cm
21.626
6.681 <---as we get toward knuckle, limits decrease

Then:

sin( 8deg)
DR :=
L
sin( 16deg) cr
sin( 24deg)

Reff t ts = 13.077 cm

LR2 := min

R eff t ts , 2Rn

2Rn = 7.9 cm

(4.5.67)

LR2 = 7.9 cm

Final Limit of reinforcement along vessel wall:

LR := min LR1 , LR2 , LR1a

(4.5.68)

LR = 2.14 cm

c) Step 3- limit of reinforcement along nozzle wall projecting outside vessel surface wall.
We have no pad reinforcement, and no nozzle so:
t e := 0mm

Lpr1 := 0cm

Lpr2 := 0cm

LH := min t ts + t e + Fp R n t n , Lpr1 + t ts

0.04

0.198

Xo =
m
0.354
0.503

20
5.331
Cp =
1.458
0.42

where:
Xo := DR + Rn + t n

0.35D i Xo
8tts

C p := e

t + t 0.35
ts e

C n := min
t , 1.0
n

Fp := min Cn , C p

(4.5.73)

(4.5.78)

(4.5.81)
Cn = 1
(4.5.80)

Fp = 0.42

(4.5.79)

LH := min t ts + t e + Fp R n t n , Lpr1 + t ts

LH = 1.5 cm <--we have only the wall (4.5.73)

thickness for a limit

d) Step 4- limit of reinforcement along nozzle wall projecting inside vessel surface wall, if applicable

LI := min Fp Rn t n , Lpr2

LI = 0 cm

e) Step 5- determine total available area near nozzle opening

(4.5.82)

(material strength ratios)--> frn := 1

AT := A1 + frn A2 + A3 + A41 + A42 + A43 + frp A5

(4.5.30) (4.5.31)

frp := 1

A1 := t ts LR

A1 = 3.21 cm

A2 := t n LH

A2 = 1.5 10

A3 := t n LI

A3 = 0 cm

A41 := 0.5L41

A42 = 0 cm

A43 := 0.5L43
A5 := 0cm

cm

(4.5.86)

A43 = 0 cm

(4.5.83)
2

L41 := 0cm

L42 := 0cm

L43 := 0cm

(4.5.88)
(4.5.89)
(4.5.90)

t e = 0 cm

(4.5.84)

A41 = 0 cm

A42 := 0.5L42

(4.5.83)

AT := A1 + frn A2 + A3 + A41 + A42 + A43 + frp A5

(4.5.94)
AT = 3.212 cm

(4.5.83)

f) Step 6 determine applicable forces

tts LR + A5 frp

t ts LR

t eff := t ts

R xn :=

tn

Rn + tn
ln

Rn

fN := P Rxn LH t ts
fS :=

P Rxs LR + t n
2

R xn = 3.95 cm

P R xs Rnc
2

t eff

R xs :=

Reff + teff
ln

Reff

R xs = 1.147 m

(4.5.98)

(4.5.95)

fN = 0 N
4

(4.5.96)

fS = 1.917 10 N
R nc := R n

fT :=

(4.5.100)

t eff = 15 mm

(radius along chord= Rn for radial nozzles)

4

fT = 3.537 10 N

(4.5.97)

g) Step 7 determine effective thickness for nozzles in spherical, ellipsoidal, or torispherical heads
t eff = 1.5 cm

same formula as above in step 6

(4.5.100)

h) Step 8 Determine avg. local primary membrane stress and general primary membrane stress at nozzle
intersection
fN + fS + fT
(4.5.101)
avg :=
avg = 169.8 MPa
AT
P Rxs
(4.5.102)
circ :=
circ = 59.7 MPa
2t eff
I) Step 9 Determine maximum local primary membrane stress

PL := max 2 avg circ , circ

(4.5.103)

PL = 280 MPa

Smax_Ti_g3_div2 = 190.3 MPa

Ew = 1

Sallow := 1.5Smax_Ti_g3_div2 Ew
Sallow = 285.4 MPa
j) Step 10 Maximum local primary membrane stress must be less than the allowable stress

(4.5.43)
(4.5.104)

PL Sallow = 1
k) Determine max allowable working pressure of the nozzle

Ap := Rxn LH t ts +
Pmax1 :=

Rxs LR + t n + R nc
2

Ap = 349.5 cm

(4.5.108)

Sallow
Pmax1 = 15.7 bar

2Ap Rxs
A

T 2teff

S := Smax_Ti_g3_div2 S = 190.3 MPa

xs
t ts

Pmax2 := 2 S
R

Pmax := min Pmax1 , Pmax2

(4.5.105)

Pmax2 = 49.1 bar

Pmax = 15.7 bar

(4.5.106)

(4.5.107)

Conclusion: Sapphire or quartz windows in NW100 CF flanges may be used in a Ti ASME grade 3
torispheric head, 1.14cm ID, (with openings large enough to allow the PMT to fit through the head
opening to contact the window), provided head thickness is increased from 7mm (no holes) to 15mm.
Flange stud holes (8.4mm dia.) may be drilled no deeper than 11mm, giving 1.2 diameters of thread
engagement, if bottom tapped. This should be sufficient for sealing purposes. Similar flanges can be used
on outside of head, provided stud holes are staggered from inside holes. Head thickness of 15mm is
required at the minimum thickness, after machining for flanges; it is not a stock material thickness, which
may be 16mm or more.