Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Intro
this is an illustrated
guide and informative
issue about sexually
transmitted diease.
the purpose of this
issue is to hilight
the complications and
risks of having
unprotected sex with
an infected person.
inside is information
guideing you on what
could happen to your
body if you become
infected in
and what
Chlamydia
p.4-7
Further
Help Links
Gonorreha
p.8-11
p.32
HPV
(Gential
Warts)
Syphilis
p.12-15
p.28-31
Hepatitis
B
Herpes
p.16-19
p.24-27
HIV
p.20-23
Chlamydia.
the most common STI diagnosed in the uk.
What is chlamydia?
You may have heard of chlamydia, but
many people are not sure what it is.
Chlamydia is an infetion caused by a kind
of bacteria that is passed during sexual
contact. About three million British women
and men become infected with chlamydia
every year. It is especially common among
women and men under 25.
chlamydia
in women
Chlamydial
infections
can lead to
pelvic
inflammatory
disease
chlamydia
symptoms in
women
Chlamydia is a bacterial infection. The bacteria are usually spread through sex or
contact with infected genital fluids (semen or vaginal fluid). You can get chlamyd-
many
Sometimes
months
the
later.
symptoms
disappear
have
the
you
may
still
infection
and
Symptoms in
Women
Pain when urinating
unusal vaginal discharge
pain in tummy or pelvis
pain during or after sex
bleeding after sex
bleeding between periods
chlamydia
symptoms in
men
Around
25 - 50% of
all male
chlamydia cases
go completely
unnoticed
chlamydia
in men
In
both
women
and
men,
The symptoms of chlamydia in men can be difficult to spot. Symptoms may be infrequent and
in
itching,
genetic material is not packed tightly enough and the long strands become susceptible to breakage).
If
epididymis
(tubes
swelling
that
in
and
chlamydia
throat,
cause
and
with chlamydia have 3 times the normal level of DNA fragmentation in sperm (which means that the
can
discharge
random, which sometimes leads patients to believe that they are not caused by an infection. Men
infection
it
discharge.
infects
may
the
cause
carry
Symptoms in
men
White, cloudy or watery
discharge from penis
burning or itching in
urethra
pain in testicles
pain when urinating
how can
chlaymdia be
treated?
Chlamydia can usually be treated easily
with antibiotics. You may be given some
tablets to take all on one day, or a longer
course of capsules to take for a week.
You shouldnt have sex until you and
your current sexual partner have
finished your treatment. If you had
the one-day course of treatment, you
should avoid having sex for a week
afterwards. The two most commonly
prescribed antibiotics for chlamydia are:
azithromycin given as two or four
tablets at once
doxycycline given as two capsules a
day for a week
of chlamydia.
Its important that your current sexual
partner and any other sexual partners
youve had during the last six months
are also tested and treated to help stop
the spread of the infection.
Sexual health or GUM clinics can help
you contact your sexual partners.
Gonorrhea.
What is Gonorrhea?
Also
called
gonorrhea
the
is
clap
or
contagious
drip,
disease
with
an
infected
person.
infection
and
occurs
is
most
easily
spread
often
in
gonorrhea
symptoms in
men
The first symptoms may appear about
a week after transmission of the
gonorrhea
in men
90% of
men with
gonorrhea have
symptoms, which
makes it easier
to identify the
infection
In men, gonorrhoea can cause painful infection in the testicles and prostate gland, which
may lead to reduced fertility in a small number of cases. In rare cases, when gonorrhoea
has been left untreated, it can spread through the bloodstream to cause life-threatening
further
damage
to
your
urethra
disseminated gonococcal infection may occur. this is where usually a skin rash has small
papules that turn into pustules on broad erythematous bases and necrotic centres.
Symptoms in
men
greater frequency or urgency of
urination.
a pus-like discharge (or drip)
from the penis (white, yellow,
beige, or greenish)
swelling or redness at the
opening of the penis.
swelling or pain in the testicles.
a persistent sore throat.
gonorrhea
symptoms in
women
These symptoms in women can
go unnoticed or be mistaken for
another type of infection such as
a common yeast infection, which
can be treated with over-thecounter medication. However, an
abnormal vaginal dischargecan
be the sign of a variety of
conditions and infections
symptoms in
women
Greenish yellow or whitish
discharge from the vagina
Lower abdominal or pelvic pain
Burning when urinating
Conjunctivitis (red, itchy eyes)
Bleeding between periods
Spotting after intercourse
Swelling of the vulva (vulvitis)
Burning in the throat (due to
oral sex)
Swollen glands in the throat
(due to oral sex)
gonorrhea
in women.
if women
get symptoms
they are often
mistaken for
bladder
infections
Untreated gonorrhea can spread into the uterus and fallopian tubes, causing pelvic
inflammatory disease (PID), which may result in scarring of the tubes, greater risk of
pregnancy complications and infertility. PID is a serious infection that requires immediate
treatment. Women who have gonorrhea during pregnancy tend to have higher rates of
miscarriage, infection of the amniotic sac and fluid, preterm birth, and preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM),
although prompt treatment reduces the risk of these problems. An untreated gonorrhea infection makes you more
susceptible to HIV and som other sexually transmitted infections (STIs), if youre exposed to them, and raises your risk of a
uterine infection after you have your baby. If you have a gonorrhea infection when you go into labor, you can pass the
bacteria to your baby. Gonorrhea in newborns most commonly affects the eyes, and babies may eventually go blind if left
untreated.
how can
gonorrhea be
treated?
In most cases, treatment involves having
a single antibiotic injection (usually in
the buttocks or thigh) followed by one
antibiotic tablet. It's sometimes possible
to have another antibiotic tablet instead
of an injection, if you prefer.
If you have any symptoms of
gonorrhoea, these will usually improve
within a few days, although it may take
up to two weeks for any pain in your
pelvis or testicles to go away completely.
Bleeding between periods or heavy
periods should improve by the time of
your next period.
Attending a follow-up appointment a
week or two after treatment is usually
recommended, so another test can be
carried out to see if you're clear of
infection.
Syphilis.
Men suffer
1.5 times
more
of syphilis
than women.
syphilis
primary stage
primary
symptoms of
syphilis
In men, a chancre often appears in
the genital area, usually (but not
always) on the penis. These sores are
often painless.
secondary
symptoms of
syphilis
Syphilis
can be spread
from an infected
mother to
her unborn
baby.
Syphilis
secondary stage
how can
syphilis be
treated?
A short course of antibiotics can
usually cure syphilis. These are only
available on prescription, so youll need
to be tested for syphilis to get them.
The type of treatment you need
depends on how long youve had
syphilis.
Syphilis that has lasted less than
two years is usually treated with
an injection of penicillin into your
buttocks, or a 10-14 day course of
antibiotic tablets if you cant have
penicillin.
Syphilis that has lasted more than
two years is usually treated with
three penicillin injections into your
buttocks given at weekly intervals, or
a 28 day course of antibiotic tablets if
you cant have penicillin.
Hepatitis B.
Most
people who
have chronic
infections
have no
symptoms
how can
you get
Hepatitis B?
You can have hepatitis B and
Hepatits B
liver damage
It's
causeby
the
person.
using a condom.
Share needles (used for
injecting drugs) with an
infected person.
Get a tattoo or piercing with
tools that weren't sterilized.
Share personal items like
razors or toothbrushes with
an infected person.
It is
spread
through contact
with the blood
and body fluids
of an infected
person.
Hepatits B
Symptoms
You may get infected without knowing it. You may not find out that you
Extreme tiredness.
have an infection until you have a routine blood test or donate blood.
Finding out that a family member or someone you live with is infected
Mild fever.
also may cause you to be tested. Some people never know they have
hepatitis B until a doctor finds that they have cirrhosis or liver cancer.
Headache.
A mother who has the virus can pass it to her baby during delivery.
Medical experts recommend that all pregnant women get tested for
hepatitis B. If you have the virus, your baby can get shots to help
prevent infection with the virus.
how can
hepatitis B
be treated?
In most cases, hepatitis B goes away on
its own. You can relieve your symptoms
at home by resting, eating healthy foods,
drinking plenty of water, and avoiding
alcohol and drugs The hepatitis B vaccine
is the best way to prevent infection. The
vaccine is a series of 3 or 4 shots. Adults
at risk and all babies, children, and
teenagers should be vaccinated.
A combination vaccine (Twinrix) that
protects against both hepatitis B and
hepatitis A also is available.
To avoid getting or spreading the virus to
others:
Use a condom when you have sex.
Don't share needles.
Wear latex or plastic gloves if you have
to touch blood.
Don't share toothbrushes or razors.
Don't get a tattoo, or make sure that
the needles used have been cleaned
properly and are sterile.
HIV.
flu-like
illness
that
illness.
It's
HIV
inital symptoms
The symptoms usually last one to two weeks but can be longer. They are
a sign that your immune system is putting up a fight against the virus.
We all have lymph nodes throughout our bodies, including the neck,
back of the head, armpits, and groin. As part of the immune system, our
lymph nodes fend off infections by storing immune cells and filtering for
harmful substances. As the HIV infection begins to spread, the
immune system kicks into high gear. The result is enlarged lymph nodes,
commonly known as swollen glands. Its often one of the first signs of HIV.
Highest
rates of HIV
are gay and
bisexual men and
heterosexual
Black
Africans
HIV
asymptomatic
infection
After the initial symptoms
disappear, HIV will often not
cause any further symptoms for
many years. During this time,
known as asymptomatic HIV
infection, the virus continues to
be active and causes progressive
damage to your immune system.
This process can take about 10
years, during which you will feel
and appear well.
Factors that may shorten the
time between HIV and AIDS:
Older age
HIV subtype
Co-infection with other
viruses (like tuberculosis or
hepatitis C)
Poor nutrition
Severe stress
Your genetic background
An
estimated
17% of people
with HIV do not
know they are
infected.
or
bacterial
and
If
experiencing
said
person
they
to
have
are
AIDS
is
opportuistic
infections
now
treatment
can
have
side
Herpes.
herpes
primary
infection
Genital
herpes is a
common condition,
especially in
people from
20 to 24
years old.
the primary
stage
symptoms of
herpes?
Most
people
who
are highly contagious and can be passed easily from one person to another by
direct contact. Genital herpes is usually transmitted by having sex (vaginal, anal or
oral) with an infected person. Even if someone with genital herpes doesn't have
any symptoms, it's possible for them to pass the condition on to a sexual partner.
primary
attack
directly
following
the
infection
experience
There are two types of herpes simplex virus (HSV), type 1 and type 2. Both types
get
symptoms
intercourse
infected
with
partner).
Up to 50%
of herpes is
caused by the
oral cold sore
type of herpes
simplex
herpes
recurrent
infections
the recurrent
symptoms of
herpes
After the initial tingling and
itching, one or more clusters of
small blisters (sometimes painful)
appear, which are filled with
how can
herpes be
treated?
Treatment for genital herpes will
depend on whether you have the
infection for the first time (a primary
infection) or your symptoms keep
coming back (a recurrent outbreak)
If you have genital herpes for the first
time, see your GP or visit your local
GUM clinic (also called sexual health
clinics). They may prescribe antiviral
tablets, such as aciclovir, which you will
need to take five times a day.
You should visit your GP if you have
been diagnosed with genital herpes
before and are experiencing a recurrent
outbreak. If the symptoms are mild,
your GP may suggest things you can do
at home to help ease your symptoms
without the need for treatment.
Keep the affected area clean using
either plain or salt water. This will
help prevent blisters or ulcers from
becoming infected and may encourage them to heal quicker. It will also
stop affected areas from sticking
togethe
Genital Warts
(HPV).
is
no
evidence
that
your
genital
warts in
men
about one
in 100
sexually
active adults
have genital
warts
genital wart
symptoms in
men
Warts are usually painless,
although
on
some
people
The HPV is not a single virus, but a family of more than 100 different strains of viruses.
Different strains usually affect different parts of the body, including the hands or feet.
Although around 30 different types of HPV can affect the genital skin, most cases of
inflamed, it
infection with HPV cause no visible symptoms. Around 90% of all cases of genital warts are
may lead
to
genital wart
symptoms in
women
The warts may appear as small,
fleshy growths, bumps or skin
changes
anywhere
on
the
genital
warts in
women
"cauliflower"
appearance.
you
first
came
into
Warts can
vary in
colour, from
pink to brown
depending
your skin.
how can
genital warts
be treated?
Treatment for genital warts depends on
the type of warts you have and where
they are located. You do not need
treatment if there are no visible warts.
There are two main types of treatment
for genital warts:
applying a cream, lotion or chemical
to the warts (topical treatment)
destroying the tissue of the warts by
freezing, heating or removing them
(physical ablation)
Most topical treatments tend to work
better on softer warts, and physical
ablation tends to work better on harder
and rougher-feeling warts. Sometimes,
a combination of topical treatments
is recommended. For some people,
treatment can take several months to
remove the warts, so it is important to
persevere.
Emergency Contraception
Morning After Pill.
http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/
contraception-guide/pages/
where-can-i-get-emergency-contraception.aspx (opens in a new window)
NHS information on emergency contraception ( morning after pill) and
where to get it.
Live Well
http://www.nhs.uk/Livewell/Sexualhealth/Pages/Sexonholiday.aspx
(opens in a new window)