Nathan Wieser

Test part 1
1. List and describe the 4 functions of management.
Part A
1. Planning
2. Organizing
3. Leading
4. Controlling
Original thoughts/experiences: Strengths and weaknesses of managing others. And
examples from working.
Part B:
1. Planning
Having the ability to plan is one of the most vital skills required to manage. According to
Principles of Management by Chuck Williams, Planning is determining organizational goals
and a means for achieving them, (page 4). Every company needs to accomplish goals. Acquiring
a proper schedule/development for the company can maximize potential/profit. Effectiveness
leans on a managers services to make preparations for events, new recruits, and future
developments for the business.
2. Organizing
Planning is not possible without the proficiency in organizing. Assigning a task or
adjusting procedures can expand or ruin the performance of a business. In modern industry the
most efficient companies continue to prosper while other competitors are at risk for loss. Chuck
Williams (author of Principles of Management) describes efficiency as getting work done with a
minimum of effort, expense, or waste, without efficiency a company struggles to succeed (page
3). Managers with good organizational skills increase profit for a company with fewer mistakes
or steps required for the task.
3. Leading
Leading is often portrayed as appealing to the requirements of a company. A business
needs managers that can indicate paths to meet an accomplishment. Part of being a good
manager is understanding effective communication and also acquiring proficiency in motivation.
Redundancy in attempt to explain a goal can only harm employees or as Eileen Martinson
mentions (in Principles of Management), If you have to come in and show me 45 charts and go
through a lot of mumbo jumbo that neither of us understands, its not going to work., managers
must be short and sweet (page 5). With effective communication and a passion to further the
expansion of a company, a manager will accomplish his or her goals.
4. Controlling

Chuck Williams portrays controlling as, monitoring progress toward goal achievement and
taking corrective action when progress isnt being made, (page 6). Controlling can also be
clarified as supervising chaos into order. Directing a smaller company can be a challenge, but
managing a global business can be overwhelming. Especially considering the standards, a
company obtains from consumers. If a manager is not applicable with a companys standards and
breaks promises, business decay.
Part C
Personal Experience
During my junior year of high school, I obtained some of the greatest lessons in
managing. Not only did I manage with others but also applies to my everyday life. Before senior
year our church prepared for a mission trip to Jamaica. Not only did this require planning for my
personal self, but also for the work that needed to be done. While in Jamaica groups were
assigned to construct a church from concrete (by hand mixing the concrete with shovels). As the
days pass in our progress to build a church, the concrete begins to eat away at my exposed skin
(mainly on my feet). At the end of the days I suffered from second degree burns. My enthusiasm
to not sit on a bench and continue working inspired others to press through the scorching heat
and complete a majority of the church. Sometimes being a good leader means being the first
follower. I ignored the throbbing pain of my tender skin and motivated others to be courageous.
This mission trip not only improved the lives of others, but also gave me an awareness of
leadership.

2. Describe one of the following:

a. Scientific Management
b. Bureaucratic and Administrative Management
c. Human Relations Management
d. Operations, Information, Systems, and Contingency Management

Part A
A. Human relations management
1). Importance of Human Relations Management
2). Constructive Conflict and Coordination
3). Hawthorne Studies: Elton Mayo
4). Cooperation and Acceptance of Authority: Chester Barnard
5). Personal experience/ opinion on Human Relations Management

Part B
1. Importance of Human Relations Management
Employees are more than a body in the building, Human Relations Management focuses
on people as a valuable asset to the company. This type of management elaborates on people
by holding, peoples needsand that their efforts, motivation, and performance are affected
by the work they do and their relationships with their bosses, coworkers, and work groups.,
according to Chuck Williams in Principles of management (page 33). It is impossible for a
business to thrive unless the employees provide services, they must be made a priority.
2. Constructive Conflict and Coordination
Managers occasionally use their positions to overpower others toward reaching a goal.
While this order and conquer mentality works for some time, eventually employees are
overwhelmed and become uncooperative. Constructive Conflict and Coordination assists in
eliminating resentment with employees. An effective tactic (integrative conflict resolution)
allows both parties to reach a solution mutually. According to Chuck William (referencing
Mary Parker Follet), Leadership involves setting the tone for the team rather than being
aggressive and dominating, which may be harmful. Coordination and control should be based
on facts and information., managers should permit resolutions to occur more naturally, not
authenticate through authority (page 35). Equipping skills in constructive conflict and
coordination may drastically improve the quality of a work environment.
3. Hawthorne Studies: Elton Mayo
Elton Mayo contributed to The Hawthorne Studies in Chicago (1924-1932). The study
observed the effects of social and psychological behavior of employees in the workforce. He
concluded that giving workers appreciation for services and giving them a voice increased
overall job satisfactory and production rates. Elton observed social interaction in addition to
the psychological aspect. The outcome was that behaviors/habits of others in the workforce
can directly affect the productivity of a company. In Principles of Management, Chuck
Williams expands on Eltons work by claiming, For the first time, human factors related to
work were found to be more important that the physical conditions or design of work.
Together, the increased attention from management and the development of a cohesive work
group led to significantly higher levels of job satisfaction and productivity., (page 37).
4. Cooperation and Acceptance of Authority: Chester Barnard
Principles of Management stresses the importance of Cooperation. Chester Barnard
understood the power and authority of cooperation, Failure to cooperate, failure of
cooperation, failure of organization, disorganization, disintegration, destruction of
organization and reorganization are characteristic facts of human history., (page 38).
Without participation order in a company declines.

Part C
5. Personal experiences and opinions.
Managers can and often do focus more on the numbers and their own perspectives instead
of the workers themselves. Personally I concur with putting needs of employees first
because if transfers into the tasks of working.

3.
Define general environment and specific environment. How do organizations react to these
changes?
Part A
1. General and Specific environment
2. How organizations react
3. Personal thoughts and experiences
Part B
1. General and Specific environment
General environment includes the following, economy, technology, politics, and legal
trends. One of the major differences between general and specific is that changes in
general have a tendency of effect all the aspects of that environment. In Principles of
Management Chuck explains, Changes in any sector of the general environment
eventually affect most organizations, effects of an organization have more links to
change compared to specific environments (page 48). Specific environment is more
exclusive to a business and the affects it obtains. Typically, these include customers and
other political groups. With both environments there is a level of uncertainty. Principles
of management displays that, When environmental change and complexity are at high
levels and resource scarcity is high-(managers will struggle to maintain forces that are
affecting the company), this creates lack of organization (page 48). This presents
challenges to management as global technology, economics, and politics will change
from year to year. It is all the more important to have a thorough understanding of
interpreting environmental factors. These factors can be a benefit or detriment to profits.
Managers should consider how to answer to possible outcomes by interpreting what the
consequences may bring.
2. How Organizations react
An effective tactic to obtain customers attention through general and specific
environments is focusing on suppler component. Companies should always work to
appeal to the customer satisfaction, but the companies should always remember their

dependence on other businesss for resources or supplier dependence. Chuck

Williams describes how Apple sued Samsung (suppliers of their components) this
might have damaged the character of Apple as well as obtaining resources.
Relationship behavior is another method by establishing good relationships with
customers. Buyers have a known history of satisfaction with a business and keeps
them from pursuing other goods and facilities. This can also help the company
acquire more feedback for future products and or services.
Part C
3. Personal thoughts/experiences
As an employee it can be difficult to appeal and adapt to the general and specific work
environment. Other competitors and difficult customers attempts to file constant lawsuits
against any organizations that brings any competition. However, the catering company has a
great reputation for exceptional service, which in long term brings customer satisfaction. This
directly applies to relationship behavior by treating the customers with integrity and founding a
reputation. The company I do catering for buys/leases venues in various locations in the Omaha
area. Using opportunistic behavior by partnering with the owners of locations allows more events
to be coordinated. I emphasize on my catering job due to its adaptability to general
environmental and specific environmental change.

4. Describe what influences ethical decision making.

Part A
1.Ethical Intensity of the situation
2. Moral development
3. Ethics Training
4. Personal thoughts/experiences

Part B
1. Ethical Intensity of the situation
Not every situation/issue in a company is treated the same. One incident such as employees
stealing pens from the office will not receive as much attention as one who is harassing others.
Chuck Williams of Principles of Management displays the awareness of ethical intensity, When
addressing an issue of high ethical intensity, managers are more aware of the impact their
decision will have on Others-They are also more likely to worry about doing the right thing.,
employees will have more appropriate consequences according to their actions (page 72).
Magnitude of the consequences must be taken into account for a decision to be made and if the
social consensus is in agreement. This may also require the manager to take into consideration
the decisions have on the overall performance of a company, or magnitude of magnitude of

consequences. In agreement to Chuck Williams, Studies indicate that managers are much more
likely to view decisions as ethical issues when the magnitude of consequences (total harm) is
high and there is a social consensus (agreement) that a behavior or action is bad., greater
problems require more attention from a business (page 73). It is vital for managers to view
ethical decisions from six factors. This is because a broader perspective will make a company
less likely to suffer greater losses.
2. Moral development
Moral development of an individual can be best summarized as maturity. In principles of
management, Chuck Williams elaborates on a scenario where one has the option to see a movie
by purchasing, renting, or watching an illegally pirated copy. This is an example of moral
development. The decision to view a pirated movie (knowing it is illegal to view and download
copies of movies or shows) means a person is at a preconventional level of moral development,
which in essence the individual is acting on selfish desire rather than making the correct moral
choice. Second option is to view or not view the pirated film based on others approach. This
conventional level mirrors the actions of others rather than personal choice. The third and final
stage of moral development is post conventional level of moral development. Employees at this
stage will most likely remain with their personal values and morals (doing the right thing)
regardless of others opinion and or behaviors.

3. Ethics Training
Managers should invest time into training employees in ethics. This process makes the
workforce aware of the companys standards as well as avoiding future conflict. In Principles of
Management, Howard Winkler gives the account of a man who was given jail time because he
started with less severe bad choices. Winkler says, as, This person didnt start out his career
looking to commit fraud. The main message was that once you make the first ethical
compromise-(it makes other bad decisions more easy to commit), people typically to not make a
tragic decision immediately, they do it one step at a time (page 77).

4. Personal opinion
Moral development has to be the greatest obstacle with ethical decisions. Human nature is
naturally selfish in most cases and it takes greater thinking to look beyond our default mode.
From reading I have found out that simply viewing pirated movies is considered illegal. I was
completely ignorant to the fact. Now my moral development has altered because I want to
uphold the law and be legally responsible. Not that I wasnt in post conventional level of my
moral development, but the fact that I was unaware. This is all the more vital for people to take
training n ethics and management training.