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Statistics (A/L Combined Mathematics)

1. These 9 observations 5, 6, 13, 5, 10, 13, 3, x, y have mean of 8 and a mode of 5. Find
(i) the values of x and y.(Ans.5,12)
(ii) the median of the set of observations.(Ans.6)
2. The mean and standard deviation of 5 observations are found to be 10 and 2 respectively. At the time of checking, it was found that
one observation was erroneously recorded as 6.
Calculate the mean and variance if the incorrect observation is,
(i) omitted.(Ans.11,0)
(ii) corrected as 12.(Ans.
3. The grouped frequency distribution of the term test marks of 30 students is given in the following table:
Class interval
48 - 55
56 - 63
64 - 71
Frequency
5
12
10
Find the mean, median and mode of the distribution. (Ans.62.43,62.17,61.72)

72 - 79
3

4. A company has 10 sales territories with approximately the same number of salesmen working in each territory. The sales orders (in
thousands) achieved during the last month are as follows:
150, 130, 140, 150, 140, 300, 110, 120, 140, 120.
Find the
(i) inter quartile range.(Ans.30)
(ii) mean deviation , of the sales data.(Ans.30)
5. The mean and the standard deviation of the marks obtained in an examination by a group of students are 42 and 15 respectively.
The marks are now adjusted by using a linear scale so that the mean and standard deviation become 50 and 20 respectively Find
the adjusted mark of a student who scores 54 marks at the examination.(Ans.66)
6. The length X (in cm) and weight Y (in gm) of 50 small insects are measured. The sum and the sum of squares corresponding to those
quantities are given below:
50

50

i=1

i=1

50

50

i=1

i=1

x i=212 , x =902.8 y i=261 , y 2i =1457.6


2
i

Which is more varying, the length or the weight? Justify your answer.(Ans.weight)
7. The marks obtained by two students Amal and Kamal for three subjects Sinhala, English and History at the yearend examination,
and the weight to be applied to each subject are given in the following table:
Subject
Marks of Amal
Marks of Kamal
Weight

Sinhala
80
64
2

English
72
82
x

History
46
40
3

If the weighted mean marks of Amal and Kamal are the same, find the value of x and calculate the weighted mean mark.(Ans.65.8)
8. The sum and the sum of squares of the times ( in minutes) taken by 20 students to do their homework in Mathematics are 320 and
5840 respectively.
(i) Calculate the mean and the standard deviation of the distribution of times taken by 20 students to do their homework in
Mathematics.(Ans.16,6)
(ii) The time taken by another student to do his homework in Mathematics is added and it is found that the mean is unchanged. Show
that the standard deviation is decreased.
(iii) The sum and the sum of squares of the times ( in minutes) taken by another 10 students to do their homework in Mathematics
are 130 and 2380 respectively. Find the mean and the standard deviation of the times taken by all 30 students.(Ans.15,7)
(P.T.O.)

9. In an examination the pass mark of Mathematics is 30. The distribution of the marks of the students who passed the examination is
as follows.
Range of marks
30 40
40 50
50 60
60 70
70 80
80 90

Number of students
Boys
5
10
15
30
5
5

Girls
15
20
30
20
5
0

(i) Find the mean and the standard deviation of the marks of the
() 70 boys who passed (Ans.60,12.4)
() 90 girls who passed, the examination.(Ans.52.8,11.2)
(ii) The overall mean and the standard deviation of the marks of boys including 30 boys who did not pass are 48 and 21.5 respectively.
The corresponding values for girls including 10 girls who did not pass are 50 and 15 respectively.
Find the mean and the standard deviation of the marks of the,
() 30 boys who did not pass,(Ans.20,53.80)
() 10 girls who did not pass, the examination.(Ans.24.8,20.4)
(iii) Deduce the mean and the standard deviation of the marks of the students who
() passed,(Ans.55.95)
() did not pass the examination.(Ans.12.27)

10. A frequency distribution of diameters of a set containing of 50 small metal balls is given in the following table:
Diameter (cm)

Number of small balls

0.80 0.81
0.81 0.82
0.82 0.83
0.83 0.84
0.84 0.85
0.85 0.86
0.86 0.87

1
3
9
20
14
2
1

Calculate the first quartile of the distribution of diameters.


The mean and the standard deviation of this set of 50 metal balls are given to be 0.835 cm and 0.01 cm respectively. Also for another
set of 100 metal balls, it is given that the mean of the diameters is same as that of the first set of 50 metal balls and the standard
deviation is 0.015 cm.
Find the mean and variance of the diameters of the combined set of 150 metal balls.
It is subsequently discovered that the measuring instrument used for the second set of 100 metal balls was faulty and the diameter of
each ball has been underestimated by 0.015 cm. Find the true mean and true standard deviation of the diameters of these 100 metal
balls.
(A.L. 2013)
11. Students in a certain class were given a question paper in Statistics. The marks obtained by these students are given in the
following grouped frequency table:
Range of Marks

Number of students

00 - 20
20 - 40
40 - 60
60 - 80
80 - 100

14
f1
27
f2
15

The frequencies of marks ranges 20 40 and 60 80 are missing in the table. However, the mode and the median of the grouped
frequency are known as 48 and 50 respectively. Calculate the two missing frequencies in the table. Hence, obtain the total number of
students who sat for the statistics paper. Find the mean and the standard deviation of the grouped frequency distribution.
(A.L. 2012)
12. The mean and the standard deviation of a set of observations {x 1,x2,, xn} are

and Sx respectively. Suppose that a linear

transformation yi = a + bxi, where a and b are constants, transforms the original data set {x 1,x2,, xn} to the set {y1,y2,, yn}. Show
that

= a + b x

Sy

and

Sx

, where

and

Sy

are the mean and standard deviation of the set

{y1,y2,, yn}.
(i) Find the mean and the standard deviation of the set of observations { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 }.
Hence, find
(a) The mean and the standard deviation of the set of observations { 2.01, 3.02, 4.03, 5.04, 6.05, 7.06, 8.07}
(b) Seven values whose mean is 5 and the standard deviation is 6.
(ii) Salt is packed in the bags which the manufacturer claims contain 25kg each. The following information is given for 80 such bags
whose actual weights are not known:
80

80

( x i25 ) = 27.2 and

( x i25 )2

i=1

= 85.1

i=1

where xi (I = 1, 2, , 80) denotes the actual weight of the i th bag, Using an appropriate linear transformation or otherwise, find the
mean and the variance of the actual weights of the eighty of the eighty bags.
(A.L. -2011)
13. Define the mean

Show that

sx =

x and the variance s 2x of a set of observations {x1, x2, , xn},


1
n

x 2i
i=1

x 2 .

Suppose that a set of original data {x1, x2, , xn} is transformed to a set {y1,y2, , yn} by a linear transformation
, where a and b are constants. Show that the mean

and the variance

s 2y

yi = a + b xi

of the transformed set {y 1,y2, , yn} are given by

y = a + b x and s 2y = b2 s 2x .
The monthly salaries (in 1000 Rupees) of 25 employees of a small software company A are as follows.
15, 39, 42, 31, 23, 23, 18, 18, 15, 22, 21, 25, 35, 75, 29, 26, 17, 29, 46, 20, 20, 70, 43, 28, 20.
25

25

i=1

i=1

x i=750 , x 2i =28298
(i) Calculate the mean and the median monthly salaries of the company A.(Ans.30,25)
(ii) Find the inter-quartile range and variance of the monthly salaries of the company A.(Ans.17)
(iii) The summery statistics of the monthly salaries (in 1000 Rupees) of 30 employees of another small software company
30

30

i=1

i=1

B are

y i=1200 , y 2i =57720
(a) By computing the coefficient of variation for company A and company B compare the variability of monthly salaries of the two
companies.
(b) The management of the two companies have taken steps to form a new company by merging the two companies.
() If the existing monthly salary scales of the two companies are not changed find the new mean of the monthly salary of the
new company.(Ans.35.45)

() If the company A has decided to change the monthly salaries of its employees in a linear form so that their new mean and
variance are equal to those of the company B, find the new salary of an employee in company A who had drawn earlier
45000 Rupees (Ans.5755)
(2011 A/L Old)
14. (a) Let {x1, x2, , xn} be a set of n observations obtained from a certain study.
Define the mean and the variance of this set of data.
The amount of active ingredients in a certain tablet is supposed to lie between 52 mg and 67mg. The mean and the variance of a
random sample of 40 tablets tested for the amount of active ingredient contained were 58mg and 3.2 mg 2 respectively. It was found
when data were rechecked that the two values 63mg and 55mg of two tablets had been erroneously taken as 65mg and 53mg.
Show that
(i) the mean is not affected due to this error.
(ii) the variance is reduced due to the correction.
(b) A ferry, supposed to transport passengers across the Kelani river at a certain town, is designed for a maximum tare of 1500kg
approximately. Since it is not safe to exceed this weight limit, the local authority of the area desires to conduct a survey to find out the
weight distribution of the passengers who are supposed to use this ferry service. A random sample 200 passengers from this
population is taken. The weights of these 200 passengers are given in the grouped frequency distribution.
(P.T.O.)
(i) Find the mean, median and mode of the weight distribution.(Ans.38.5,38.57)
The local authority expects to express the weight limit of the ferry in terms of the maximum number of passengers who can be
transported safely at a time. Based on the above information find the maximum number of passengers who can be transported
safely at a time.
(ii)Find the standard deviation and the coefficient of skewness of the distribution and obtain the shape of the
distribution.
(Ans.1.82,-0.115)
(2010 A/L)
15. (a) Lt the values of a random sample of size n taken from a population be x1, x2, , xn.
n

Prove that

( xi x )2 =
i=0

x 2i
i=1

n x

; where

x is the sample mean.

The number of printing errors, x, on each of first 200 pages of a book containing 250 pages was observed and the following details
were found.
The total number of printing errors 920;
The sum of square of printing errors 5032.
Find the mean and the standard deviation of the number of printing errors per page.
The mean and the standard deviation of the number of printing errors per page in the last 50 pages were found later as 4.4 and 2.2
respectively. Find using first principles and correct to two decimal places, the mean and the standard deviation of the number of
printing errors per page, in the book.(Ans.4.6,2)
(b) The mean of the marks for pure mathematics obtained by a group of students in an examination is 45. These marks are scaled
linearly to give a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 15.It is also given that the scaled mark of 80 corresponds to an original
mark of 70. Calculate
(i) the linear scale,(Ans. Y=-4+1.2x)
(ii) the standard deviation of the original marks,(Ans.12.5)
(iii) the mark which is not changed by the scaling(Ans.20)
Given that the least and the greatest scaled marks are 2 and 92 respectively, find the corresponding original marks.
(Ans. 5,8)

(2009

A/L)
16. The set of numbers {x1, x2, , xn} with mean

x and standard deviation s x is transformed to the set of numbers

{y1,y2, , yn} by means of the formulae yi = axi +b for I = 1, 2, , n where a and b are constants. Let the mean and the standard
deviation of the set of n numbers {y1,y2, , yn} be
Show that
(i)

y = a x + b and

y and s y respectively.

(ii)

s y = |a|

sx .

The table below shows the means and the standard deviations of the marks in Geography and History obtained by the candidates who
sat a certain examination.
Mean
Standard deviation
Geography
m
12
History
53
S
Suppose that the marks in each subject were scaled linearly to have a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 15. The original and the
scaled marks of a particular candidate are shown below.

Geography
History

Original mark
40
61

Scaled mark
40
56

Find the value of m and the value of s.(Ans.48 or 32, 20)


The candidates were allowed to apply for rescrutiny of their answer scripts. History mark of 0.1% of the total number of candidates
who sat for History was changed. The mean of the History marks of the candidates whose marks were changed increased from 65 to
68. Find the mean of the marks, after rescrutiny, of all candidates who sat for History.
(Ans.53.003)
(2008 A/L)
W.M.J.P.Wanigasekera (B.Sc. PG.Dip. M.Sc.)

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