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1/13
Jim Stiles
Dept. of EECS
02/23/07
2/13
V2 ( z 2 )
Z0
port
2
V1 + ( z1 )
V2+ ( z 2 )
z 2 = z 2P
port 1
port 3
4-port
microwave
device
Z0
V1 ( z1 ) z1 = z1P
Z0
z3 = z3P
port
4
V4+ ( z 4 )
V3 ( z 3 )
V3+ ( z 3 )
z 4 = z 4P
Z0
V4 ( z 4 )
Jim Stiles
Dept. of EECS
02/23/07
3/13
V1 + ( z1 )
Z0
V1
(z
= z1 p
z 1 = z 1P
V2 ( z 2 )
port 2
V2
(z
= z2p
Z0
z 2 = z 2P
V2 (z 2 = z 2P ) V02 e + j z P V02 + j (z P +z P )
=
=
S21 = +
e
V1 (z1 = z1P ) V01+ e j z P V01+
2
V3 (z 3 = z 3P )
S31 = +
V1 (z1 = z1P )
Jim Stiles
and
V4 (z 4 = z 4P )
S41 = +
V1 (z1 = z1P )
Dept. of EECS
02/23/07
4/13
that the input to all other ports (1,2, and 3) are zero.
Thus, more generally, the ratio of the wave incident on port n to
the wave emerging from port m is:
Smn
Vm (z m = z mP )
= +
Vn (zn = znP )
Smn
Vm (z m = 0) V0m e + j 0 V0m
= +
=
=
Vn (zn = 0) V0n+ e j 0 V0n+
Microwave
lobe
Jim Stiles
Dept. of EECS
02/23/07
5/13
V2 ( z 2 )
Z0
V2+ ( z 2 ) = 0
V3 ( z 3 )
V1 + ( z1 )
4-port
microwave
device
Z0
Z0
V1 ( z1 )
3L = 0
V3+ ( z 3 ) = 0
V3+ ( z 3 ) = 0
Z0
V4 ( z 4 )
4L = 0
Jim Stiles
Dept. of EECS
02/23/07
6/13
Vn+ ( zn ) = 0
In other words, terminating a port ensures
that there will be no signal incident on
that port!
Q: Just between you and me, I think youve messed this up! In all
V (z ) = 0
if
L = 0
but just now you said that the wave in the positive direction would
be zero:
V + ( z ) = 0 if L = 0
Of course, there is no way that both statements can be correct!
Jim Stiles
Dept. of EECS
02/23/07
7/13
V + (z )
Z0
V (z ) = 0
if
L = 0
V (z )
Vn ( zn )
port n
N-port
Microwave
Network
Z0
nL
Vn + ( zn )
For this current case, the situation is reversed. The wave
incident on the load is now denoted as Vn ( zn ) (coming out of
port n), while the wave reflected off the load is now denoted as
Vn+ ( zn ) (going into port n ).
As a result, Vn+ ( zn ) = 0 when nL = 0 !
Jim Stiles
Dept. of EECS
02/23/07
8/13
V reflected ( z = z L ) = L V incident ( z = z L )
Smn
V0m
= +
V0n
Smn
V0m
= +
V0n
Jim Stiles
Dept. of EECS
02/23/07
9/13
Vm ( z m ) =V0+m e j zn +V0m e + j zn
= 0 +V0m e + j zm
=V0m e + j zm
Vm ( 0 ) =V0+m +V0m
= 0 +V0m
= V0m
Smn =
Vm ( 0 )
V0n+
Jim Stiles
Dept. of EECS
02/23/07
10/13
V0n
Snn = +
V0n
V1 ( 0 ) =V1 + ( 0 ) +V1 ( 0 )
V3 ( 0 ) =V3 ( 0 )
V2 ( z 2 )
Z0
V2+ ( z 2 ) = 0
V3 ( z 3 )
V1 + ( z1 ) 0
4-port
microwave
device
Z0
Z0
V1 ( z1 )
3L = 0
V3+ ( z 3 ) = 0
V4+ ( z 4 ) = 0
Z0
V4 ( z 4 )
4L = 0
Jim Stiles
Dept. of EECS
02/23/07
11/13
n =1
Jim Stiles
(znP
= 0)
Dept. of EECS
02/23/07
12/13
S =
Sm 1
Smn
Jim Stiles
Dept. of EECS
02/23/07
13/13
S ( ) =
Sm 1 ( )
Smn ( )
Jim Stiles
Dept. of EECS