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UDC 620.111.3
Fi~. I. Overall view of the unit for scanning and visualization of a scanning
acoustic microscope: / ) optical objective on a rotating turret; 2 ) acoustic
Ions; 3 ) specimen: 4 ) scanning unit.
163
002~-0o73/q~,'0~04-0163520.00 '~ 19q~ Plenum Publishing ('orporati,.m
164
A . I . K u s t o v et al.
r/
3
i
0.~
speed of the surface acoustic wave VSAw . In the approximation of the geometric model o f [4] they are related as
30
60
Z, lain
Fig. 3. A typical curve of I,'(Z ) for solid (metallic) materials: I,') magnitude
of the output signal in relative units; Z ) distance from the lens to the surface
of the object; / and 2) principal and secondary maxima, respectively;
AZx ) characteristic distance for the material studied.
-1
(1)
~'SAW = Vliq I --
1 --
Vliq
Lfaz~,
i]
(2)
Effect of Various Kinds of Thermomechanical Treatment on the Structure and Properties of Steels
165
Fig. 5. Acoustic image of the structure of steel 70 after different kinds ofthermomechanical treatment (a - c) and a characteristic curve of I'(Z ) (d):
a, b ) for planes parallel and perpendicular to the direction o f deformation, respectiveb,, ~ = 65%, 350; c) after patenting, x 350.
TABLE
I
Concenlralion of elements, %
Steel
C
Cr
Ni
Cu
VNS-2M
0.07
14.6
5.2
~)6Kh 14N~MI)21
0.06
14
Ii
1.2"~
0.15 . 0 3 0
166
A . I . Kustov et al.
TABLE 2
Steel
I s.5
//
Treatment
Ecffx 10 4
N/ram 2
-
"y x 10 - 10
cm - 2
VNS-2M
HTMT
17.9 +_0.2
1.9 + 0.3
06Khl4NSMD2T
HTMT
17.1 + 0.2
0.5 +_+_0.1
06Kh 14N8MD2T
DMA
15.8 + 0.3
4.3 _+0.7
17.5
TABLE 3
I
Type of structure
tion o f neighboring volumes. Thus, the variation o f the contrast is a sign o f a change in the orientation o f individual
grains, or o f a texture when the results are processed statistically. The quantity Eelr calculated from the measured speeds
vSAw Can be a quantitative estimate in the given case. The
calculation o f E,, r is based on use o f the regime o f measurement o f the speed o f the surface acoustic waves and some
concepts o f the theory o f elasticity [6, 7]. The speeds o f longitudinal ( v t ), transverse (Vs), and surface (vSAw ) acoustic
waves were determined using the equations
,/Eo,,.
O-v)
(3)
- ;
p 2(1 + v)
(4)
VL= V 9 ( I - v ) ( I - 2 v ) '
vs =
VsAw = v s
0.87 + 1.12v
l+v
(5)
(6)
+I+vi
G=vs-Aw13 0.87+1.12v
"
Thus, if we know the density of the specimen (determined experimentally) and the Poisson coefficient
v-
I - 2 ( v s / v I )2
2-2(v~/v l)2"
(8)
Polygonized
Recrystallized
Texture
Eeff x I 0 - 4, N / m m 2
{ 123 } (I 23)
18.7+0.2/18.7_+0.2
Effect of Various Kinds of Thermomechanical Treatment on the Structure and Properties of Steels
167
REFERENCES
I. C. F. Quate, A. Atalar, and H. K. Wickramasinghe, "Acoustic microscopy with mechanical scanning," Proc. IEEE, 67(8), 1092 Ill3 (1979).
2. A. I. Kustov, M. A. Kulakov, and A. I. Morozov, "A scanning
acoustic microscope," Prib. Tekhn. Eksper, No. 2, 194- 196
(1986).
3. M. A. Kulakov and A. I. Morozov, "Special features of measuring
SAW by an acoustic microscope," Akust. Zh., XXXI, Issue 6,
817 - 820 (1985).
4. W. Parmon and V. L. Berloni, "Ray interpretation of the material
signatures in the acoustic microscope," Electr Left., 15(21),
684 - 686 (1979).
5. L. M. Bernshtein, L. M. Kaputkina, A. I. Kustov, and T. V. Morozova, "A study of the structure and texture of steel in patenting
and hot deformation," Fiz. Met. Metalloved., 65, Issue 6, I 155 I 162 (I 988).
6. L. D. Landau and E. M. Lifshits, The Theory o f Elasticity [in Russian], Nauka, Moscow (1965).
7. E. D'elesan and D. Rhuaue, Elastic Waves in Solids [Russian
translation], Nauka, Moscow (1984).