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Hvdrocarbons
W. C. EDMISTER, Standard Oil Company (Indiana), Whiting, Ind.
The second derivative was determined graphically from the
Basic Equations
The two fundamental thermodynamic equations used in
computing C,/C, ratios from P-V-T and atmospheric specific
heat data are:
=
--T
Y =
where 7s
C(Y8
- 1)
where AC,
Kz =
FIQURE
1. PLOTFOR PROPANE
373
(5)
374
FIGURE
2.
GRAPHICAL
METHOD FOR
Value of
Constant
Hydrofor
carbon
Equation 5
Isobutane
0.778
2-Butene
0.737
n-Butane
0.705
Isopentane
0.590
n-Pentane
0.541
Benzene
0.525
Value of
Constant
Hydrofor
carbon
Equation 5
Diisopropyl
0.442
n-Hexane
0.442
n-Heutane
0.364
Diisobutyl
0.300
n-Octane
0,300
Accuracy of Correlation
Figure 2 gives values of y that check the values computed
from the original P-V-T correlation with a maximum deviation of *4 per cent. Most of the points are checked within 1
per cent by the correlation.
ESTIYATING y
MARCH, 1940
375
Acknowledgment
The author is indebted to the following Evening Division
graduate students in chemical engineering a t Armour Institute
of Technology for assistance in the thermodynamic computations: E. C. Berger, D. G. Debo, C. H. Deuter, W. E. Findling, C. Giuliani, W. A. Hoyer, E. B. Lund, A. H. Maack,
U. G. Naef, E. L. Niederhofer, N. C. Penfold, A. G. Petkus,
J. C. Reidel, J. D. Schulz, and G. Thodos.
Literature Cited
~2
&$ ~ ~~ :~(lg3). , ~ ~ ~~ ~; ~ , 3
(3) International Critical Tables, Vol. V, p. 80, New York, McGrswHill Book Co., 1929.
changes which take place during the formation and decomposition of films of the drying oils is such that these
reactions have been the subject of constant investigation for a
number of years. The purpose of this paper is to present
results indicative of the possibilities of the method of infrared
absorption spectra as applied to this general problem.
The peculiar efficacy of the infrared absorption technique
lies in the fact that it is a physical method with no chemical
effect on the paint film; therefore, it permits repeated examination of the specimen in which progressive changes are
taking place. Since many pigments are transparent in the
infrared, the measurements are unaffected by the presence of
pigments, and thus the method offers the possibility of studying the effects of pigments on the changes occurring in the
vehicle during drying and aging. Excellent discussions of
the theory and interpretation of infrared absorption spectra
as applied to organic compounds will be found in the literature
(1, 5 ) .