Budapest University of Technology and Economics

Department of Mechanics, Materials and Structures

English courses
Reinforced Concrete Structures
Code: BMEEPSTK601

Lecture no. 14:

COMPOSITE STRUCTURES

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Content:
Introduction, suppositions, definitions
1. RC columns with rigid steel perfils, and steel columns filled with
concrete
2. Hollow concrete blocks filled with rc
3. Composite slabs with profiled steel sheeting
4. Steel beams with monolithic rc slab
5. Steel beams with partial concrete encasement
6. Rc floors with ceramic blocks
7. Tinber and concrete floors

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Introduction, suppositions, definitions

Concrete-steel composite member
a structural member with components of concrete and of structural or
cold-formed steel, interconnected by shear connection so as to limit the
longitudinal slip between concrete and steel and the separation of one
component from the other.
Suppositions
Plane sections remain plane after deformations; idealized steel and
concrete - relationships are accepted, the concretes tensile strength
is neglected; the co-action of concrete and steel if not otherwise
supposed is perfect
Propped structure or member
a structure or member where the weight of concrete elements is applied
to the steel elements which are supported in the span, or is carried
independently until the concrete elements are able to resist stresses.
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For composite structures, relevant stages in the sequence of construction shall be considered:
-Phase 1: investigation of the propped structure. Weight of the fresh
concrete is applied to the steel structure provisory supported or not.
-Phase 2: the total loading is applied to the composite structure. No
load increment is allowed during hardening of the concrete!

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1. RC columns with rigid steel perfils, and steel columns filled

with concrete

Design of composite columns and composite compression members

with
-concrete encased sections,
-partially encased sections and
-concrete filled rectangular and circular tubes
Members of doubly symmetrical and uniform cross-section over the
member length with rolled, cold-formed or welded steel sections are
considered

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N pl, Rd = A a f yd + 0,85A c f cd + A s f sd

MR-NR capacity diagram of steel-concrete encased section

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Typical cross-sections of composite columns with concrete encased

section and partially encased sections

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Simplified MR-NR capacity diagram and the corresponding stress-states

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For concrete filled tubes of circular cross-section, the capacity of

confined concrete can be increased:
t fy
N pl, Rd = a A a f yd + A c f cd (1 + c
) + A s f sd
d f ck
For members with e = 0 the values a = ao and c = co are given by the
_

following expressions:

ao = 0,25 (3 + 2 ) 1,0
_

_2

co = 4,9 18,5 + 17
For members in combined compression and bending with 0 < e/d 0,1,
the values a and c should be determined from:
a = ao + (1 ao) (10 e/d)
c = co (1 10 e/d)
_
N pl, Rk
For e/d > 0,1,
a = 1,0 and c = 0
=
N cr
Ncr is the elastic critical normal force for the relevant buckling mode
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Coinstructional rules:
Steel tubes filled with concrete: max(d/t) = 90
Partially encased I-sections: max ( b/tfl) = 44
Improvement of co-action by transverse steel inserts: screw bolts and
other perfils
Importance of fire and corrosion protection
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2. Hollow concrete blocks filled with rc

Only the monolithic - plain or reinforced - concrete section can be
considered as loadbearing, because of the gaps between concrete
blocks.

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3. Composite slabs with profiled steel sheeting

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The shear connection can be full or partial

The thickness of concrete hc above the main flat surface of the top of the ribs of
the sheeting shall be not less than 40 mm.

The sagging bending resistance of a cross-section with the neutral axis

above the sheeting:

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The sagging bending resistance of a cross-section with the neutral axis

in the sheeting:

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the hogging bending resistance of a cross-section:

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4. Steel beams with monolithic rc slab

Headed stud shear connectors

A connector may be taken as ductile if the
characteristic slip capacity uk is at least 6
mm.
To prevent separation of the slab, shear
connectors should be designed to resist a
nominal ultimate tensile force, perpendicular
to the plane of the steel flange, of at least 0,1
times the design ultimate shear resistance
of the connectors.

Full shear connection: when increase in the number of shear connectors would not increase the design bending resistance of the member.
Otherwise, the shear connection is partial.
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Spacing of connectors where the slab is in contact over the full length

(e.g. solid slab): 22 tf

235 / f y .

The design shear resistance of a headed stud:

0,8f y d 2 / 4 0,29d 2 f ck E cm
PRd = min(
,
)
V
V
h
where: = 0,2( sc + 1) 1
d
d is the diameter of the shank of the stud, 16 mm d 25 mm;
fy is the specified ultimate tensile strength of the material of the
stud but not greater than 500 N/mm2;
fck is the characteristic cylinder compressive strength of the
concrete at the age considered, of density not less than 1750 kg/m3;
hsc is the overall nominal height of the stud.
V partial safety factor, recommended value: 1,25
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Typical cross-sections of composite beams:

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Plastic resistance moment Mpl,Rd of typical composite cross-sections

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In case of ductile shear connectors, the compression force Ncf of the

concrete flange should be reduced by the factor , the degree of shear
connection

See the 2nd plastic neutral axis on the figure!

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Relation between MRd and Nc for ductile shear connectors

Non-linear theory can also be used to determine the rsistance moment
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Constructional rules

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5. Steel beams with partial concrete encasement

Class 1 and 2 steel sections with d/tw 124 are allowed

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Plastic bending resistance of partially encased beams

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Use of stirrups when concrete encasement is also respected by

resistance to vertical shear
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6. Rc floors with ceramic blocks

Ceramic blocks are used to reduce the selfweight of the structure
When concrete topping is used,
its minimum thickness is 30 mm
Ceramic and concrete floors were
used during the 1st part of the 20th
cent. with ceramic blocks type Bohn.
Here the mean compression strength
of concrete and ceramics was considered in the compression zone
Porotherm floor:
Hollow ceramic blocks are also used
in modern floor constructions too,
but they are not respected as part of the loadbearing section
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7.Tinber and concrete floors

Strengthening of traditional timber

beam floor constructions with rc.
concrete slab topping connected
to timber by steel studs and Gangnail steel plates respectively.
Effectiveness of the connectors are
verified by tests ducumented by the
producer.
Polyethilene foil to protect the timber
from constant humidity and by perforated plastic tube for ventillation are
important parts of the constuction
above.
Provisory supporting of timber during construction is necessary.
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