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Non-Destructive Test
ENCE710 Advanced Steel Structures
Definition of NDT
The use of noninvasive
techniques to determine
the integrity of a material,
component or structure
or
quantitatively measure
some characteristic of
an object.
i.e. Inspect or measure without doing harm.
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Leak Detection
Location Determination
Fluorescent penetrant indication
Dimensional Measurements
Nondestructive Testing
Advantages
Disadvantages
Destructive Testing
Advantages
Disadvantages
Visual
Liquid Penetrant
Magnetic
Ultrasonic
Eddy Current
X-ray
Visual Inspection
Most basic and common
inspection method.
Tools include fiberscopes,
borescopes, magnifying
glasses and mirrors.
Portable video inspection
unit with zoom allows
inspection of large tanks
and vessels, railroad tank
cars, sewer lines.
Robotic crawlers permit
observation in hazardous or
tight areas, such as air ducts,
reactors, pipelines.
Liquid Penetration
Process:
Clean surface
Apply liquid penetrant
Remove excess penetrant
Apply developer
Inspect
Post-cleaning
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DYE PENETRANTS
DYE PENETRANTS
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DYE PENETRANTS
Types
Red
Flouresant
CAUTION
Oil based
Water washable
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Magnetic Particle
Process:
Magnetize surface
Discontinuities create a
magnetic flux
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MAGNETIC PARTICLE
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The magnetic powder is attracted to and outlines cracks within the material
(AISC & NISD 2000)
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Radiography
X-ray Generator
or Radioactive
Source Creates
Radiation
Electrons
+
Radiation
Penetrate
the Sample
Exposure Recording Device
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Film Radiography
The part is placed between the radiation
source and a piece of film. The part will
stop some of the radiation. Thicker and
more dense area will stop more of the
radiation.
The film darkness
(density) will vary with
the amount of radiation
reaching the film through
X-ray film
the test object.
= less exposure
= more exposure
Top view of developed film
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Radiographic Images
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RADIOGRAPHIC
X-RAY
GAMMA RAY
Electro magnetic
radiation of short
duration
Both of these
methods are a
danger to health
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Radiographic Inspection
Radiographic inspection, or X-ray, can also be used to detect flaws inside welds
Invisible rays penetrate the metal and reveal flaws on an x-ray film or
fluorescent screen (above)
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X- RAY
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X- RAY
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X-RAY VIEWER
Pictures taken are
viewed as
negatives
will only give flat
image not in three
dimensional
darkened area must
be used for
viewing
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Coil's
magnetic field
Eddy current's
magnetic field
Eddy
currents
Conductive
material
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crack
echo
back surface
echo
crack
0
Oscilloscope, or flaw
detector screen
10
plate
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Ultrasonic Imaging
High resolution images can be produced by plotting signal strength or
time-of-flight using a computer-controlled scanning system.
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ULTRASONIC TESTING
This uses high pitched
sound
The sound will not
pass through an air
gap so bounces back
and is picked up on a
receiver
The reader is a
oscilloscope
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Ultrasonic Inspection
High frequency sound waves are directed into the metal with a probe held at a
specific angle
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Ultrasonic
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Probe
Signals produced
by various
amounts of
corrosion thinning.
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