Question 1 Node Voltage & Thevenin Equivalent (20 marks)

This question is in two parts, (a) and (b), worth equal marks:
(a) Determine the phasor voltage across the resistor V R and capacitor VC in the circuit shown in
Figure 1a, using the method of node voltage analysis. Phasor I1 is a constant current source
(C.C.S.) of 2 /_ 0 A and I2 is a C.C.S. of 2 /_ -45 A. (Note: /_ is used here to represent
the phase angle operator). The arrows show the current direction. Passive component
impedances are shown in the figure. Nodes numbers are shown in this figure and may
(optionally) be used in solutions. (10 marks)

ZL = +j4
2

I1

+
VR
_

R
10

+
VC
_

ZC=
-j5

Figure 1a. Circuit for node voltage analysis

Page 1 of 17

I2

ENG243 Circuits and Systems II Final Examination

Semester 1, 2011

Question 1 (cont.)
(b) Find the Thevenin equivalent circuit to that shown in Figure 1b from the perspective of
a load (omitted) connected to terminals a-b, assuming v(t) = 10 cos(105t) V and using the
component values shown in the figure. Nodes numbers are shown in this figure and may
(optionally) be used in solutions. (10 marks)

R1
10

v(t)

1
4

C2
1F

C1
1F

FIGURE 1b. Circuit for Thevenin Equivalent

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R2
10

ENG243 Circuits and Systems II Final Examination

Semester 1, 2011

Question 2 Power Factor Correction (20 marks)

Two AC loads are connected to a typical Australian single phase voltage source V S = 240 V
r.m.s. as shown in the circuit in Figure 2. Power factor correction is achieved by connecting a
capacitor C in parallel with the loads.
a) Determine the value of capacitance C required for power factor correction to achieve
a power factor of 100%. (10 marks)
b) Draw a phasor diagram showing the four current phasors marked on Figure 2 after
power factor correction has occurred. (5 marks)
c) Draw the power triangles for the source and each of the three loads after power
factor correction and show their relationship. What is the real and reactive power
drawn from Vs? (5 marks)

IC
Vs

I1

IL

Is

20kW
PF 50%
lagging

Figure 2. AC Power Circuit

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I2

50kVAR
PF 75%
lagging

ENG243 Circuits and Systems II Final Examination

Semester 1, 2011

Question 3 Filters and Bode Plots (20 marks)

This question is in two parts, (a) and (b), worth equal marks:
(a) Many infra-red remote controls send an optical signal, pulsed at a frequency of 38 kHz
when a key is pressed, to communicate with the remote device (such as a TV set). To avoid
unnecessary interference the remote device requires a filter to block other unwanted
frequencies. Design a parallel RLC band-pass filter which attenuates all frequencies outside
the pass band 37-39 kHz. Your design must utilise a 1H inductance so you must determine
the appropriate values for the resistance and capacitance. Ensure your design calculations
provide four significant figures of precision. Draw the resulting circuit diagram and the
Bode magnitude plot (you may use a linear piece wise approximation). (10 marks)
For your information, the formula for determining the quality factor Q p for a parallel RLC circuit
is as follows:

Q p=

R
2 f 0 L

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ENG243 Circuits and Systems II Final Examination

Semester 1, 2011

Question 3 (cont.)
(b)
3b.
the
are

Determine the transfer function H() of the operational amplifier circuit shown in Figure
(Hint: apply KCL at the virtual earth point node 1.) What mathematical operation does
circuit perform? Draw the Bode magnitude and phase plots for H(). Nodes numbers
shown in this figure and may (optionally) be used in solutions. (10 marks)

OP-AMP

R
1

+
+

Vin

Vout
_

Figure 3b. Operational amplifier circuit

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ENG243 Circuits and Systems II Final Examination

Semester 1, 2011

Question 4 Magnetic Circuits (20 Marks)

This question is in two parts, (a) and (b), worth equal marks:
(a) The circuit shown in Figure 4a consists of two reactive loads coupled by an ideal
transformer X1 with turns ratio as indicated. Draw an equivalent circuit with the transformer
omitted. What is the resonant frequency and quality factor of this circuit? (10 marks)

L
1mH

~_

R1

a
X1
1:2

V1

b
Figure 4a. Transformer Circuit

Page 10 of 17

R2
10
C
250F

ENG243 Circuits and Systems II Final Examination

Semester 1, 2011

Question 4 (cont.)
(b) An inductor is formed by winding N=100 insulated turns of wire around a toroidal
(ring shaped) core as shown in Figure 4b. The torus has a radius R=2cm and
consists of a circular cross section with diameter d=8mm. It is manufactured from a
material with relative permeability r=1000. What is the reluctance of the path
followed by the flux? What will be the inductance observed from the terminals a-b
of the winding? (10 marks)

a
N Windings
d

Figure 4b. Toroidal Inductor

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ENG243 Circuits and Systems II Final Examination

Semester 1, 2011

Question 5 Magnetic Machines (20 Marks)

a) An imperfect field winding in a particular DC motor does not lead to a uniform magnetic
field (B) across the air gap between the stator and the rotor. Instead it varies according to the
characteristic shown in Figure 5a, where the field strength varies depending on the angle of
deviation from the centre line (). Determine the total flux () passing between the stator
and rotor assuming the depth of cylindrical rotor is 50cm, its radius is 40cm and the maximum
field strength (Bm) is 20 Wb/m2 (7 marks)

Figure 5a. Magnetic field strength versus angle .

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ENG243 Circuits and Systems II Final Examination

Semester 1, 2011

Question 5 (cont.)
b) A DC motor has been constructed with the equivalent circuit shown in Figure 5b. When V T
is 10V, Radj is 2 and RF is 3 the total flux crossing the air gap is 10 Wb. The armature
resistance RA = 0. 5 and the machine constant K = 0.1 are also known.

Figure 5b. DC Motor Equivalent Circuit

i.

Determine the stall torque and the no-load speed for this motor and plot the
torque-speed characteristic (Tdev versus m). (6 marks)

ii. When m = 5 radian/sec what are the field and armature power losses experienced
by the motor? What is the output power Pout assuming that the rotational losses are
negligible? (7 marks).

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Question 1 Mesh Current & Thevenin Equivalent (20 marks)

(a) Determine mesh current equations for the bridge arrangement shown as Figure 1a.
Rectangles represent impedances with the values shown. The three mesh currents I 1, I2 and I3
are marked on the figure. (4 marks)

Figure 1a. Circuit for mesh current analysis

][ ] [

(+ j ) , (+ j ), (+ j ) I 1

(+ j)

(+ j ) , (+ j ), (+ j ) I 2 = (+ j)
(+ j ) , (+ j ), (+ j ) I 3

(+ j)

Table 1b. A and b values for solving A.I = b using Matlab

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ENG243 Circuits and Systems II Final Examination

Semester 1, 2012

Question 1 (cont.)
(b) Convert the mesh equations into a matrix form that could be solved using Matlab to find
the mesh currents. Write the complex coefficients of the 3x3 A matrix and 3x1 b vector in the
dotted spaces provided in Table 1b. You do not need to solve for I1, I2 and I3. (3 marks)
(c) What is the algebraic relationship between the mesh currents I 1, I2 and I3 and the current
IXY passing from nodes X to Y through the constant voltage source. You do not need to give
a numeric answer to obtain full marks, just the equation. (3 marks)

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ENG243 Circuits and Systems II Final Examination

Semester 1, 2012

Question 1 (cont.)
(d) Find the Thevenin equivalent circuit to that shown in Figure 1d from the perspective of
a load (omitted) connected to terminals a-b, assuming v(t) = 10 cos(104t) V and using the
component values shown in the figure. Nodes numbers are shown in this figure and may
(optionally) be used in solutions. (10 marks)

R1
10

v(t)
1
4

R2
20

C1
10F

FIGURE 1d. Circuit for Thevenin Equivalent

Page 3 of 16

L1
2mH

ENG243 Circuits and Systems II Final Examination

Semester 1, 2012

Question 2 Power Factor Correction (20 marks)

A commercial refrigerator provides a load identical to that shown in Figure 2a. The load is
formed by a series combination of resistance R=50 and inductance L=100mH. Power factor
correction is achieved by connecting an impedance Z in parallel with the load and then closing
the switch. The refrigerator operates from voltage source Vs = 120 V R.M.S. at 60 Hz.
a) Assuming the switch is initially open, what is the power factor experienced by the
source. (4 marks)
b) Determine the complex power consumed by the refrigerator (with switch open) and
draw the power triangle for the load. (4 marks)

Switch

Vs

(AC)

Figure 2a. AC Power Circuit

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ENG243 Circuits and Systems II Final Examination

Semester 1, 2012

Question 2 (cont.)
c) Assuming Z is intended solely for power factor correction and the switch is closed,
what Z impedance will achieve power factor correction to 100%? (4 marks)
d) What reactive component (inductor or capacitor) can be used to provide Z and what
component value is needed? (2 marks)
e) The component used for Z has a 20% manufacturers tolerance and the actual value
used is 15% less than the value you calculated at step (d). What is the resulting
power factor seen by the source (with switch closed) and is it leading or lagging? (6
marks)

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ENG243 Circuits and Systems II Final Examination

Semester 1, 2012

Question 3 Filters and Bode Plots (20 marks)

(a) Many infra-red remote controls send an optical signal, pulsed at a frequency of 44 kHz
when a key is pressed, to communicate with the remote device (such as a TV set). To avoid
unnecessary interference the remote device requires a filter to block other unwanted
frequencies. Design a series RLC band-pass filter which attenuates all frequencies outside
the pass band 43-45 kHz. Your design must utilise a 10F capacitor so you must determine
the appropriate values for the resistor and inductor. Ensure your design calculations
provide four significant figures of precision. (7 marks)
(b) Draw the resulting circuit diagram and the Bode magnitude and phase plots (you may
use the linear piece-wise approximations). (3 marks)
(c) Comment on any impractical aspects of this design, given your laboratory experience in
this unit? (3 marks)

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ENG243 Circuits and Systems II Final Examination

Semester 1, 2012

Question 3 (cont.)
(d)
3d.
the
are

Determine the transfer function H(f) of the operational amplifier circuit shown in Figure
[Hint: apply KCL at the virtual earth point node 1.] What mathematical operation does
circuit perform? Draw the Bode magnitude and phase plots for H(f). Nodes numbers
shown in this figure and may (optionally) be used in solutions. (7 marks)

OP-AMP

C
+

Vin

Vout
_

Figure 3d. Operational amplifier circuit

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ENG243 Circuits and Systems II Final Examination

Semester 1, 2012

Question 4 Magnetic Circuits (20 Marks)

(a) An inductor is formed by winding N=60 insulated turns of wire around a toroidal
(ring shaped) core as shown in Figure 4a. The torus has a radius R=10cm and
consists of a circular cross section with diameter d=30mm. It is manufactured from
a material with relative permeability r=500. What is the reluctance of the path
followed by the flux? (4 marks)
(b) What will be the inductance observed from the terminals a-b of the winding?
(3 marks)

a
N Windings
d

Figure 4a. Toroidal Inductor

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ENG243 Circuits and Systems II Final Examination

Semester 1, 2012

Question 4 (cont.)
(c) If a secondary winding of 20 turns is also wound onto the toroidal core shown in
Figure 4a, and the ends of this wire are brought out as terminals c and d, a new twoport device will be formed. What is the transfer function H(f), assuming the
voltage on port a-b is the input, the voltage on port c-d is the output and and that
ideal behaviour may be assumed? Does this transfer function behave as a filter?
Justify your conclusion to the previous question. (5 marks)

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ENG243 Circuits and Systems II Final Examination

Semester 1, 2012

Question 4 (cont.)
(d) If port c-d is connected to a 22F capacitor what equivalent capacitance will be
measured via terminals a-b. (8 marks)

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ENG243 Circuits and Systems II Final Examination

Semester 1, 2012

Question 5 Magnetic Machines (20 Marks)

The electrical model for each phase of a 50Hz four-pole three-phase induction motor is shown
in Figure 5a below (and is identical to that you have seen in Hambley on page 839). The
supply voltage Vs is 400 V R.M.S. at 50 Hz. Symbols s represents the slippage, I s represents
the stator winding current in each phase and I r the current due to one phase in the rotor.
Values with a prime such as X have been reflected onto the primary of the transformer to
simplify circuit analysis. Assume the following component values are associated with the
model Rs = 0.1, Xs = 0.2, Xm = 5, Xr = 0.15, Rr = 0.05.

+j X s

Rs
3

Vs
(AC)

+j X r
2

Is

R r
4

Ir
+ j Xm

Figure 5a. Induction motor electrical model

(a) What does resistance Rr represent? (2 marks)
(b) What does reactance Xm represent? (2 marks)

Page 13 of 16

1-s
R r
s

ENG243 Circuits and Systems II Final Examination

Semester 1, 2012

Question 5 (cont.)
(c) Just after the motor is switched on you may assume it is not yet rotating. What is the
starting current Is drawn from the power source? What is the power factor that the motor
presents to the supply. [Note: You may also assume this is a steady-state analysis of the
circuit.] (8 marks)

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ENG243 Circuits and Systems II Final Examination

Semester 1, 2012

Question 5 (cont.)
(d) Once the motor is rotating at full speed (and under load) the rotational speed m is
measured as 141.37 radians/second. What is the slippage s? (3 marks)

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ENG243 Circuits and Systems II Final Examination

Semester 1, 2012

Question 5 (cont.)
(e) Given the operating conditions described in (d) what is the rotor copper loss Pr?
marks) [Note: Pr = 3 Rr (Ir)2 ]

END OF EXAM PAPER

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