Film industry

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The film industry or motion picture industry comprises the technological and
commercial institutions of filmmaking, i.e., film production companies, film studios,
cinematography, film production, screenwriting, pre-production, post production, film
festivals, distribution; and actors, film directors and other film crew personnel.
Though the expense involved in making movies almost immediately led film production
to concentrate under the auspices of standing production companies, advances in
affordable film making equipment, and expansion of opportunities to acquire
investment capital from outside the film industry itself, have allowed independent film
production to evolve. Hollywood is the oldest film industry of the world[1] and the
largest in terms of box office gross and number of screens.

Contents

1 Modern film industry

o 1.1 United States
o 1.2 China
o 1.3 India
o 1.4 Turkey
o 1.5 Nigeria
o 1.6 Hong Kong
o 1.7 Nepal
o 1.8 Pakistan
o 1.9 Indonesia
o 1.10 Egypt

2 History
o 2.1 Hollywood
o 2.2 Bollywood

3 Statistics
o 3.1 Largest markets by box office
o 3.2 Largest markets by number of admissions

4 See also

5 Footnotes

6 Bibliography

7 External links

Modern film industry

World cinema

African cinema

Asian cinema
East Asian cinema
South Asian cinema
Southeast Asian cinema
West Asian cinema

European cinema

Latin American cinema

North American cinema

Oceanian cinema

Currently, the largest markets by box office are United States, China, and Japan; and the
countries with the largest number of film productions are India, Nigeria, and the United
States. Other centers include Nepal, Pakistan, Hong Kong and in Europe the United
Kingdom, France, Italy, Spain, and Germany are the countries that lead movie
production.[2] The worldwide theatrical market had a box office of US$38.3 billion in
2015. The top three continents/regions by box office gross were: Asia-Pacific with
US$14.1 billion, North America with US$11.1 billion and Europe, the Middle East and
North Africa with US$9.7 billion.[3]

Distinct from the centers are the locations where movies are filmed. Because of labor
and infrastructure costs, many films are produced in countries other than the one in
which the company which pays for the film is located. For example, many U.S. movies
are filmed in Canada, many Nigerian movies are filmed in Ghana, while many Indian
movies are filmed in the Americas, Europe, South Asia etc.

United States
See also: Cinema of the United States

The Hollywood Sign

The cinema of the United States, often generally referred to as Hollywood, has had a
profound effect on cinema across the world since the early 20th century. The United
States cinema(Hollywood) is the oldest film industry in the world which originated
more than 121 years ago and also the largest film industry in terms of revenue.
Hollywood is the primary nexus of the U.S. film industry with established film study
facilities such as the American Film Institute, LA Film School and NYFA being
established in the area.[4] However, four of the six major film studios are owned by East
Coast companies. The major film studios of Hollywood including Metro-GoldwynMayer, 20th Century Fox, Paramount Pictures and Lightstorm Entertainment are the
primary source of the most commercially successful movies in the world, such as Gone
with the Wind (1939), Star Wars (1977), Titanic (1997), and Avatar (2009). Today,
American film studios collectively generate several hundred movies every year, making
the United States one of the most prolific producers of films in the world. Only The
Walt Disney Company which owns the Walt Disney Studios is fully based in
Southern California.[5] And while Sony Pictures Entertainment is headquartered in
Culver City, California, its parent company, the Sony Corporation, is headquartered in
Tokyo, Japan. Most shooting now takes place in California, New York, Louisiana,
Georgia and North Carolina. Hollywood is the most popular film industry with the
highest number of screens, and is the highest grossing film industry in the world. It
grossed $10.4 billion in the year 2014 from 702 movies released in that year.[6]
Hollywood's award ceremony, the Academy Awards, officially known as The Oscars, is
held by Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) every year and a total
of 2,947 Oscars have been awarded since the inception of the award.[7]
The earliest documented account of an exhibition of projected motion pictures in the
United States was in June 1894 in Richmond, Indiana by Charles Francis Jenkins which
makes United States cinema the earliest cinema in the whole world. Jenkins used his
Phantoscope to project his film before an audience of family, friends and reporters. The
film featured a vaudeville dancer performing a Butterfly Dance. Jenkins and his new
partner Thomas Armat modified the Phantoscope for exhibitions in temporary theaters
at the Cotton States Exposition in the fall of 1895. The Phantoscope was later sold to
Thomas Edison, who changed the name of the projector to Edison's Vitascope.

Nestor studio, 1911

Nestor Studios is Hollywood's first movie studio(also world's first movie studio) which
was founded on October 27, 1911. It was built by David Horsley for Nestor Motion
Picture Company. It was then owned and operated by David Horsley and his brother,
William Horsley. The first motion picture stage in Hollywood was built behind the
tavern. Other East Coast studios had moved production to Los Angeles, prior to Nestor's
move west. The California weather allowed for year-round filming and the ambitious
studio operated three principal divisions under its Canadian-born general manager, Al
Christie. Other filmmakers began opening studios in the Hollywood area. The Horsleys
operated the Nestor Studios at the Sunset and Gower location until May 20, 1912, when
the Universal Studios was formed, headed by Carl Laemmle. Nestor, along with several
other motion picture companies, including Laemmle's Independent Moving Pictures
(IMP), was merged with Universal