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Vol. 5
Aircraft Recognition
Training Using 3D Terrain
Models | P. 35
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Inside
Guest Articles
Indias National Security Voids
in Geospatial Apps
Pg 18
Chairman MP Narayanan
Publisher Sanjay Kumar
Managing Editor Lt Gen (Dr) AKS Chandele (Retd)
Executive Editor Bhanu Rekha
Product Manager Kushagra Agrawal
Sub Editor Sanskriti Shukla
Senior Designer Debjyoti Mukherjee
Circulation Manager Ashish Batra
Circulation Executive Vijay Kumar Singh
Owner, Publisher & Printer Sanjay Kumar
Printed at HT Media Limited, B-2, Sector-63,
Noida (U.P.) 201307
Pg 32
Aircraft Recognition Training
Using 3D Terrain Models
Pg 35
Interview
Pg 21
Narayan Panigrahi
Pg 26
Pg 39
REGULAR SECTIONS
Editorial........................................05
News..............................................06
Events............................................42
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Editorial
One of the major challenges faced is the cost and complexity of geospatial
solutions. In an era of diminishing defence budgets, this transformation is usually
given lesser importance. The complexity of such systems adds to the resistance to
change. Then, there is a difficult choice of whether to upgrade legacy systems or
to procure new ones, obviously at a much higher cost. Whatever the choice, there
will be the need to ensure interoperability between the new and the legacy systems.
This interoperability must be across all functional levels as also between different
services, i.e., Army, Navy, Air Force and Para Military and Central Armed Police
Forces, and also joint standards, to enable successful joint operations. Apart from
the high cost of the systems themselves is the issue of availability and access and
the high cost of remote sensing data. Then there is the issue of storage of a huge
amount of data and ensuring its reliability and security. The industry is more
than ready with latest dedicated geospatial solutions, but there is a problem of
holding the attention of decision makers. And, to add to their woes is the ever so
complicated procurement process. Therefore, the time taken between the choice of
a geospatial product to its final implementation is usually a long one.
ajay@geospatialmedia.net
VTOL Aircraft.
Courtesy: Science museum
control system that connects and protects voice and data communications
to support the full spectrum of Army
operations worldwide.
Milestones in Satellite
Terminal Upgrades Achieved
Raytheon Company has completed a
number of design and development
milestones for a nuclear-hardened
command and control system, one
year after receiving a USD 134 million
US Air Force contract to provide secure communications between the
president, senior military leaders and
the bomber fleet.
The programme to upgrade the
satellite terminals for the protected
communications network has passed
system requirements and preliminary
design reviews. The upgrade will mark
the first time that the bomber fleet air
bases have access to the Advanced
Extremely High Frequency (AEHF)
satellites, which will provide secure,
protected communications.
NEWS
and casualty assessment accuracy for
vehicles and fixed structure.
Raytheon Acquires
Tucson-based Sensintel
Raytheon Company has acquired privately-held Sensintel, provider of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) solutions to the intelligence and special
operations markets. Located in Tucson,
Sensintel will become part of Raytheon
Companys Missile Systems business.
Dr Taylor W Lawrence, President, Raytheon Missile Systems, believes that
Sensintels expertise in unmanned aircraft systems solutions makes it a natural fit with Raytheons Advanced Missile
Systems product line. The acquisition
of Sensintel enhances the growth prospects of Raytheons UAS business and
the advanced capabilities that they can
offer to their customers. According to
Indian Government
Increases Defence Budget
for 2015-2016
ASIA PACIFIC
Indian
Ministry
of
Defence
(MoD) has selected BEL-Rolta
Consortium as a Development Agency for the Battlefield Management
System (BMS) project worth over
Rs 50,000 crore.
According to a spokesperson from
Rolta, BMS is a situational awareness
and visualisation system that aims to
optimise the operational effectiveness
of tactical units. BEL has established
the test bed of BMS for continuous
evaluation and implementation of
user requirements. As a part of the
consortium, Rolta will execute its role
and responsibility in areas of BMS application software development and
applicable licensing, GIS software and
GIS data services. Rolta will also jointly work with BEL for manufacturing
subsystems for the soldier system, the
overall system design, integration, installation, commissioning and maintenance of the BMS solution.
Meanwhile, Tata Power has announced that its strategic engineering
division (SED), in consortium with
Larsen & Toubro, has been selected
as one of the down-selected development agencies for MoDs Make programme. According to a spokesperson
from TATA Power, the down-selection
of Tata Power SED-L&T consortium will enable it to participate in the
Battlefield Management System.
Courtesy: ASD reports
mobile and fixed firing modes enhance the vehicles effectiveness and
provide a significant advantage over
existing heavy artillery.
Canister-based Trial of
Agni-V Conducted
The Indian Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), has
conducted the first canister-based trial
of the Agni-V intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) on Wheeler Island
off the Odisha coast. Launched from
a canister mounted on a road-mobile
launcher from the integrated test ranges
launch complex-IV, the nuclear-capable
missile climbed to a height of more than
600km in its parabolic trajectory and accurately hit the designated target point
in the Indian Ocean after 20 minutes.
The missiles parameters were
monitored by radars and electro-optical systems, while the ships located
in mid-range and at the target point
tracked the vehicle and witnessed
the final event. The road-mobile
canister-version will enable Agni-V
to be fired from stop-to-launch within a few minutes and ensure higher
reliability, longer shelf-life and reduced maintenance.
P75, under which six Scorpene submarines are being built in India. According
to defence sources, the government has
tweaked the project under which the
CCS has taken a decision that the next
six submarines would be nuclear-powered, unlike the conventional ones that
were envisaged.
SATCOM terminal.
Courtesy: www.tfk racoms.com
GE to Supply Computing
Subsystems for UK Army
Awarded by General Dynamics (GD)
UK, the EURO 64 million contracts
cover the supply of a range of embedded computing subsystems, including
Ethernet switches, gateway processors
and data and video servers, which is
believed to form the backbone of the
SV electronics architecture. The Ethernet switch is expected to connect
networked elements of the vehicle,
while the gateway processor provides
the GD software with the processing
SCOUT SV.
Courtesy: General Dynamics
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Organised by:
NATIONAL SECURITY
Indias National
Security Voids
In Geospatial Apps
Geospatial information is a crucial component for efficient threat
analysis, response to and recovery from natural disasters and
promoting rapid sharing of critical information
Human Geography
Human Geography is the creation of
the human footprint through the fusion
of map locations and human related
data, and differs from Physical Geography it takes into account a dozen
themes related to people and maps the
same. This data is structured based on
the core themes of Human Geography
which include Demographics, Economy, Transportation, Communication,
Education, Religion, Ethnicity, Health,
Political Groupings, Language, Land
and Water. This new subject has
recently grown into prominence in
view of the large amounts of data
available from social media and
other surveys and the need to provide
actionable intelligence from the same.
An example of Human Geography
can be taken from a recent case study
of Algeria country subject to regular
terrorist attacks and extremist activity.
Locations of neighbourhoods and
sentiments of populations where
violence and extremism can occur are
critical knowledge for searching and
finding radicalisation before it starts.
Imagery Analysis
In view of technological advances
in electro-optical devices, there has
been a paradigm shift in imagery
from aerial platforms such as satellites
and UAVs. The latest imagery satellite
named WorldView-3, which was
launched in August 2014, provides a
resolution of 31 cm. This comes at a
time when the US has also agreed to
WebGIS
Satellite images
of Jammu and
Kashmir the
region before
and after the
deluge. Courtesy:
Googles
Crisis Map
NATIONAL SECURITY
The use of
Predictive
Analytical tools
helps analysts
to anticipate
risk and identify
opportunities
for leaders and
decision makers
to focus their
limited resources
INTERNAL SECURITY
Utilising Automation
Technology
Even if we have a fairly elaborate
national information system those
maintained by National Information
and Informatics Centres, National
Investigation Agency, State police,
Enforcement Directorate, etc. for
example which provides extensive
inputs covering wide fields of
activities at the national, institutional
and departmental levels, the system
will remain, but will be generalist in
its composition. We also have many
INTERNAL SECURITY
Build Up of ISDSS
Much of the pattern discussed
above is already in place with various public departments that operate
topographical, geological, mineral,
population census, public distribution and engineering schemes. But inputs obtainable from these sources
are neither comprehensive in characteristics nor conducive to efficient
strategic or tactical decision making. The entire system will, therefore,
have to be designed ab initio, with its
DEMOGRAPHIC
INFORMATION BASE DIB)
GEOGRAPHICAL
INFORMATION BASE (GIB)
INFRASTRUCTURE
INFORMATION BASE (IIB)
The purpose
of having a
Geographical
Information Base
would be to offer
easy access to
geographical
information that
needs to be
incorporated into
the ISDSS
Demographic Information
Base (DIB)
Demographic Information Base (DIB)
facilitates expeditious and quality
decision making in relation to human
factors of internal security. This would
contain:
Population figures, distribution over
areas, movement patterns, individual
records, migrations in and out, and
density variations over time.
Societal
construct,
influential
groups, traditional habits, food habits, behavioural as well as vocational
leanings and vulnerable sections of
the society.
Matrices of religion, language,
cast and tribe - festivals, rivalries,
tensions and contentious issues.
Local and household economy,
employment and poverty figures,
production of necessities as well
as tradable goods and pattern of
INTERNAL SECURITY
Geographical Information
Base (GIB)
intangibilities of human and natural diversities which shape the internal security issues.
Infrastructure Information
Base (IIB)
The purpose of IIB would be to provide readily accessible information
about various categories of infrastructure, public and private, available as well as those in the process of
coming up, which may be of use in
planning and implementation of internal security measures. The class of
information to be covered under this
information base would be as follows:
Transportation
infrastructure
to include road, rail, air and
waterway networks, availability of
transport fleet and warehousing,
load handling, transit and station
facilities;
Power, water, telecommunication
network including mobile phone
and internet, and food supply
infrastructure;
Construction agencies and earth
moving plants as available in location
with public and private sector
undertakings;
Recent Awakening
Automated information systems have
been in business for a long time. But
besides offering nonplussed lip service,
the pre-information age, non-science
stream of policy-makers have been
lukewarm to its possibilities and profits.
But as the recent developments unfold,
an understanding is observable at the
level of national leadership. Indeed, the
latest initiative by the Union Ministry
of Home Affairs in opening up automated information services on internal
security matters could be the harbinger of the proposed mechanism that
would be at ready call of the managers
of internal security. Reserved responses from the States and low scientific
temper to accept technology as a tool of
empowerment are hurdles that we need
to overcome. The proposition of ISDSS
will efficiently manage Indias growing
complexities of internal churnings.
Reserved
responses from
the states and
low scientific
temper to accept
technology
as a tool of
empowerment
are hurdles
that we need to
overcome
LEARNING PATTERNS
Geographical
Information
System
eographical Information
System (GIS) is a popular
information system processing
spatiotemporal
data. It is being used as a collaborative platform for visualisation,
analysis and computation involving
spatiotemporal data and information.
GIS is a more specific name for a generic information domain, which can
process spatial, a-spatial or non-spatial and spatiotemporal data pertaining to the objects occurring in
topography, bathymetry and space.
Therefore, GIS is a more specific instance of spatiotemporal information
system, which is being used for many
decision support systems and anal-
types the system can process. The cardinality of the input domain is a metric
measure of the capability of any information system in general and GIS in
particular. The formats in which the
data is being stored, the input data
types, the metadata contents in the
input data types and various sources,
sensors and agencies providing the
data are analysed. Also, a preliminary
assessment regarding the quantity,
quality and reliability of the spatial data
can be analysed from the metadata.
The processing capability of the
system is enumerated in terms of the
algorithms that perform the processing. The set of computing components
in a GIS is the measure of its processing capability. Further, the aspects
such as the time and space complexity of the computing algorithms are
studied extensively to understand
how optimised these algorithms
are?. Algorithms are the mappings
or the functions which transform the
spatial inputs from the input domain
CDF (Concept-Definition-Formula)
which is a pattern in learning
Geographical Information Science.
MVC (Model-View-Controller) an
engineering pattern or modelling
pattern in GIS.
DIKD (Data-Information-Knowledge-Decision) is a usage pattern or
application pattern in GIS.
These patterns find applicability
practically in most of the functions of
GIS involving spatiotemporal analy-
Learning Patterns
Examples
IPO
MVC
CDF
DIKD
LEARNING PATTERNS
Sensor 1
Sensor 2
Sensor 3
Sensor N
Sensor Data
Processing 1
Sensor Data
Processing 2
Sensor Data
Processing 3
Sensor Data
Processing N
Data Fusion
Conclusion
Analysis of the data, trends emerging
from the MOOC (Massively Online
Courses) and classroom teachings
indicates the mixed pattern of learners from different field of engineering
LEARNING PATTERNS
Year
IPO
MVC
CDF
DIKD
2008
42
29
24
40
25
2009
31
28
21
30
25
2010
24
21
19
23
20
2012
25
22
19
24
17
2013
37
35
31
36
30
Total
159
135
114
153
117
The statistics of 40 questions with 10 questions each from each learning patterns
MVC
23%
IPO
26%
CDF
DIKD
29%
22%
USGIFs
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TECHNOLOGY
eographical
Information
Systems (GIS) play a crucial
role in operation planning,
execution and monitoring
of progress of operations by showing
all entities of interest in the context of a
map. GIS provides spatial information
platform such as digital maps, digital
elevation maps and satellite images
to visualise the operation scenario.
This would help enable the disposition of enemy deployments and better
planning of own forces deployment.
In the present digital era, GIS is an excellent tool for military commanders
in operations.
The
use of GIS applications
in military has the potential to
revolutionise the way in which
these forces operate and function.
In the context of regional conflicts
necessitating, rapid deployment and
flexible response, spatial data enjoins
upon the operational staff and their
supporting system to maintain up-todate situational awareness of enemy activities. GIS has a variety of
applications including cartography,
intelligence, battle field management,
terrain analysis, remote sensing, and
military installation management and
monitoring of possible terrorist activity.
GIS Adoption:
An Indian Perspective
reference to terrain for precise targeting.
Real-time geographical visualisation
of the battlefield scenario on a network
that is possible through the exploitation
of geospatial data obtained from multiple sensors located in space or on aerial,
ground, sub-surface and other platforms has become an imperative.
The task of generating digital topographical database, preparation of
Defence Series Maps (DSMs), large scale
mapping, training on GIS and attribute
data collection, photogrammetric survey was assigned to the Military Survey.
In undertaking this task, the requirement to introduce an Enterprise GIS
TECHNOLOGY
TECHNOLOGY
System Configuration
The ART comprises of an instructor
workstation, one image generator
workstation, twenty desktop/thin clients based trainee workstations, one
projection system and audio system,
UPS and associated ethernet/wi-fi
based networking hardware. The Instructor Console is a suitable server
for the instructor to carry out group
training sessions and conduct tests. It
has both Wi-Fi and LAN connectivity
inbuilt and a TFT touch screen monitor
of 21-inch size. The Image Generator
is a high-end workstation that displays
high-resolution graphics of the Aircraft
Modes of Operation
Exercise Preparation Mode: In this
mode, the instructor is provided with
the facility to plan an exercise scenario and save it in an exercise library. A
scenario comprises an area of interest (AoI) of 10 km x 10 km and aircraft
routes. Routes are a set of waypoints
that aircraft or formations must touch.
A section between two waypoints is
called a route leg. Facility is provided
to store waypoints and routes in waypoint and route libraries respectively.
During exercise creation, the instructor has the option to either create new
routes and add these to the scenario
or load existing routes from the route
library. Existing routes can even be
modified to create new routes and
stored thus. The instructor then assigns aircraft formations to each of
these routes in the exercise. The system automatically computes time at
the waypoints based on the leg speed
and leg distance. The actual path fol-
TECHNOLOGY
Software Specifications
Instructor Console Software: The
following functionality is provided by
the Instructor Application on the ART
network. It is user friendly and enables
the instructor to create new exercises
and to execute the created exercises
on the image generator.
Software Functions
Provide a 2D map based workspace
to load geo-referenced satellite imagery/maps to create and execute
exercises.
Provide a 2D workspace to load static images of aircraft and 3D workspace to load 3D aircraft models.
Facility to create new exercises comprising of areas of interest (AoI),
routes, aircraft and aircraft formations scheduled to fly on these
routes in various profiles. The system will build the terrain for the selected AoI from the terrain database.
Create routes by defining waypoints
based on lat-long, military grid reference and from the waypoint library. Facility to create routes as sets
of waypoints that include the start
points, target points and endpoints.
Create missions comprising of
aircraft of same or different types
from the library. Facility to define the formation geometries and
attack profiles.
Facility to place observers at selected
points on the ground for each route.
Maintain a library of exercises,
Software Functions
Maintains a library of terrain
information imagery and elevation data in a database.
TECHNOLOGY
INTERVIEW
A Continual Shift
Market forces and customer needs barely allow us to only be an imagery
provider as there is a shift in extracted information services, speaks
out David Belton, General Manager, Geospatial Services, MacDonald,
Dettwiler and Associates Ltd. (MDA)
to strategically invest in
that area. This gave birth
to the RADARSAT programme. Since then,
maritime surveillance
has become a huge
and pressing issue
for the country and
this ultimately led to
RADARSAT-1 mission.
This brought focus to
the radar technology
which formed the basis
of the company RADAR
International, which
gave birth to MDA.
INTERVIEW
GEOBUIZ.COM
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