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Celsius355 NH
Contents
CONTENTS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
References are generally to Tata Steel publication Design of Welded Joints (unless otherwise stated).
Reference
N1,Ed = 19.2 kN
Mip,1,Ed = 54 kNm
90
Np,Ed = 350 kN
Mip,0,Ed = 16.6 kNm
N0,Ed = 136 kN
SHS 150 x 150 x 10
All material Celsius 355 to EN 10210 Mip,0,Ed = 35.8 kNm
Dimensions
b0 = 150 mm
h0 = 150 mm
t0 = 10.0 mm
b1 = 150 mm
h1 = 150 mm
t1 = 8.0 mm
PASS
PASS
b0/t0 35
h0/t0 35
b0/t0 = 150/10 = 15
h0/t0 = 150/10 = 15
PASS
PASS
PASS
PASS
Compression brace:
bi/ti ; hi/ti 35
5.3.1 Figure 37
(EN 1993-1-1)
Table 5.2
Compression brace:
(b1-3 t1)/t1 ; (h1-3 t1)/t1 38 (Class 1 or 2 compression)
38 = 38 (235/fy0) = 38(235/355) = 30.92
(b1-3 t1)/t1 = (150-3 x 8)/8 = 15.75
(h1-3 t1)/t1 = (150-3 x 8)/8 = 15.75
PASS
PASS
PASS
PASS
PASS
30 i 90
1 = 90
PASS
(EN 1993-1-1)
Table 5.2
Reference
5.3.3
b1 150
=
= 1 .0
b 0 150
6.3
Although this check is not required in this particular case, the chord end stress
factor calculation for is shown below for information as it includes moments;
RHS chord end stress factor, kn
RHS chord most compressive
stress, 0,Ed;
0 ,Ed =
N0 ,Ed
A0
Mip,0 ,Ed
Wel ,ip,0
Mop,0 ,Ed
5.3.2.1
Wel ,op,0
Note: Moment is additive to compressive stress which is positive for moments. For
RHS chords use most compressive chord stress.
2
A0 = 54.9 cm = 5490 mm
0,Ed =
136 1000
54.9 10 2
0,Ed = 176.47 N / mm 2
Chord factored stress ratio, n;
176.47
n = 0,Ed =
fy 0 355
5.3.2.1
n = 0.497
Using formulae:
Using graph:
0 .4 n
k n = 1 .3
0.4 0.497
1 .0
5.3.2.1
but kn 1.0
From graph, for = 1.0;
1 .0
kn = 1.0
5.3.2.1
Fig. 38
Reference
5.3.3
N1,Rd =
k n fb t 0
sin 1
5.3.3
= 1.0 check required
2 h1
sin + 10 t 0 / M5
1
5.3.3
h0
1
t 2 sin
i
0
= 3.46
E
f y0
= 3.46
150
10
5.3.2.3
2
1
sin 90
6.1 (For E)
= 0.589
210000
355
Using formulae:
Using graph:
(EN 1993-1-1)
Table 6.1
(EN 1993-1-1)
6.3.1.2
( ( ) )
= 0.5 (1 + 0.21 (0.589 0.2) + 0.589 ) = 0.714
= 0.5 1 + 0.2 + 2
but
1.0
+ 2 2
but
1.0
5.3.2.3
Fig. 40
= 0.895
(for T- and Y-joints with compression in bracing)
N1,Rd =
1.0 318 10
sin 90
2 150
+ 10 10 / 1.0
sin
90
5.3.2.3
Reference
Axial: Chord punching shear
(valid when 0.85 1 1/)
5.3.3
b0
150
=
= 7. 5
2 t0
2 10
0.85 1.0 1
6.3
1
= 0.867
7. 5
5.3.3
= 1.0
6.3
check required
N1,Rd = fy1 t1 (2 hi 4 t1 + 2 beff ,i ) / M5
5.3.3
where:
beff ,i =
10 t 0 fy 0 t 0
bi
b0
fyi ti
beff ,i =
10 10 355 10
150 = 125 mm
150
355 8
but
5.3.2.2
beff ,i bi
but
beff ,i 150 mm
beff,i = 125 mm
N1,Rd = 355 8 (2 150 4 8 + 2 125 ) / 1.0
N1,Rd = 1471 kN
>
19.2 kN PASS
b1 150
=
= 1 .0
b 0 150
5.3.5.1
6.3
Reference
Moment in plane: Chord side wall crushing
(valid when 0.85 < 1.0)
b1 150
=
= 1 .0
b0 150
5.3.5.1
check required
6.3
5.3.5.1
where:
fyk = fy0
5.3.2.4
(for T-joints)
2
>
54 kNm PASS
b1 150
=
= 1 .0
b 0 150
5.3.5.1
check required
6.3
b
Mip,1,Rd = fy1 Wpl,ip,1 1 eff ,1 b1 (h1 t1) t1 / M5
b1
5.3.5.1
where:
3
125
Mip,1,Rd = 355 237000 1
150 (150 8 ) 8 / 1.0
150
>
54 kNm PASS
Summary
Axial joint resistance for brace 1 limited by chord side wall buckling and
moment in plane resistance by chord side wall crushing resistance.
N1,Rd = 1272 kN
Mip,1,Rd = 71 kNm
>
>
19.2 kN PASS
54 kNm PASS
Interaction check
When more than one type of force exists, e.g. axial and moments in plane, an
interaction check is required;
Ni,Ed
Ni,Rd
Mip,i,Ed
Mip,i,Rd
Mop,i,Ed
Mop,i,Rd
1 .0
19.2 54
0
+
+
= 0.776
1272 71 Mop,i,Rd
0.776
1.000
PASS
Reference
2.3
References are generally to Tata Steel publication Design of Welded Joints (unless otherwise stated).
Reference
N2,Ed = - 400 kN
N1,Ed = 500 kN
CHS 139.7x5.0
CHS 114.3x3.6
40
45
45
N0,Ed = 1636 kN
CHS 219.1x12.5
All material CELSIUS 355 to EN 10210
Np,Ed = 1000 kN
d1 = 139.7 mm
t1 = 5.0 mm
d2 = 114.3 mm
t2 = 3.6 mm
5.1.1 Figure 27
d0/t0 = 219.1/12.5 = 17.53
PASS
(EN 1993-1-1)
Table 5.2
PASS
PASS
di/ti 50
PASS
PASS
PASS
PASS
-0.55 d0 e +0.25 d0
PASS
g t1 + t2
t1 + t2 = 5 + 3.6 = 8.6 mm
g = 40 mm
PASS
30 i 90
1 = 45
2 = 45
PASS
PASS
(EN 1993-1-1)
Table 5.2
Reference
Chord face failure (deformation)
k g k p f y0 t 0 2
d
1.8 + 10.2 1
sin 1
d0
/ M5
5.1.3
Gap/lap function, kg
d0
219.1
=
= 8.764
2 t0
2 12.5
6.3
Using formulae:
Using graph:
0.024 1.2
k g = 0.2 1 +
5.1.2.2
from graph;
k g = 1.761
kg = 1.761
Np,Ed
A0
Mip,0,Ed
Wel,ip,0
Mop,0,Ed
5.1.2.1
Wel,op,0
Note: Moment is additive to compressive stress which is positive for moments. For
CHS chords use least compressive chord stress.
p,Ed =
1000 1000
81.1 10 2
= 123.30 N/mm 2
p,Ed
np =
f y0
Using formulae:
For np > 0 (compression):
10
123.30
=
= 0.347
355
Using graph:
kp = 1 - 0.3 np (1 + np)
but 1.0
k p = 1 0.3 0.347 (1 + 0.347 ) but 1.0
from graph;
k p = 0.860
kp = 0.860
5.1.2.1
5.1.2.1
5.1.2.1
Fig.28
Reference
N1,Rd =
139.7
1.8 + 10.2
/ 1.0
219.1
N1,Rd = 986 kN
5.1.3
sin 45
986
sin 45
N 2,Rd =
N 2,Rd = 986 kN
5.1.3
di d0 2 t0
di 219.1 2 x 12.5 = 194.1 mm
d1 = 139.7 mm
d2 = 114.3 mm
Ni,Rd =
f y0
t 0 di
1 + sin i
2 sin 2 i
/ M5
Brace (1):
N1,Rd =
355
12.5 139.7
1 + sin 45
2 sin 2 45
/ 1. 0
N1,Rd = 1919 kN
Brace (2):
N 2,Rd =
355
12.5 114.3
1 + sin 45
2 sin 2 45
/ 1 .0
N 2,Rd = 1570 kN
Joint strength dictated by chord face failure for both bracings;
11
N1,Rd = 986 kN
N 2,Rd = 986 kN
>
>
500 kN PASS
400 kN PASS
References are generally to Tata Steel publication Design of Welded Joints (unless otherwise stated).
N2,Ed = - 400 kN
N1,Ed = 500 kN
CHS 139.7x5.0
e = - 42.2
Reference
CHS 114.3x3.6
- 45
45
45
N0,Ed = 1636 kN
Np,Ed = 1000 kN
CHS 219.1x12.5
All material CELSIUS 355 to EN 10210
Note: Brace 1 usually designated compression and brace 2 tension
Dimensions
d0 = 219.1 mm
t0 = 12.5 mm
d1 = 139.7 mm
t1 = 5.0 mm
d2 = 114.3 mm
t2 = 3.6 mm
5.1.1 Figure 27
PASS
(EN 1993-1-1)
Table 5.2
PASS
(EN 1993-1-1)
Table 5.2
PASS
PASS
PASS
PASS
-0.55 d0 e +0.25 d0
PASS
25% ov 100%
30 i 90
12
PASS
PASS
PASS
1 = 45
2 = 45
PASS
PASS
Reference
Chord face failure (deformation)
Compression brace (1):
N1,Rd =
k g k p fy 0 t 0 2
d
1.8 + 10.2 1 / M5
sin 1
d
0
5.1.3
Gap/lap function, kg
d0
219.1
=
= 8.764
2 t0
2 12.5
6.3
Using formulae:
Using graph:
0.024 1.2
k g = 0.2 1 +
5.1.2.2
from graph;
g/t0 = -45/12.5 = -3.6
5.1.2.2
Fig. 29
kg = 2.024
Np,Ed
A0
Mip,0,Ed
Wel,ip,0
Mop,0,Ed
5.1.2.1
Wel,op,0
Note: Moment is additive to compressive stress which is positive for moments. For
CHS chords use least compressive chord stress.
p,Ed =
1000 1000
81.1 10 2
= 123.30 N/mm 2
p,Ed
np =
f y0
Using formulae:
For np > 0 (compression):
123.30
=
= 0.347
355
Using graph:
5.1.2.1
5.1.2.1
13
kp = 1 - 0.3 np (1 + np)
but 1.0
k p = 1 0.3 0.347 (1 + 0.347 ) but 1.0
from graph;
k p = 0.860
kp = 0.860
5.1.2.1
Fig. 28
Reference
N1,Rd =
N1,Rd = 1134 kN
sin 1
N1,Rd
sin 2
N 2,Rd =
sin 45
1134
sin 45
5.1.3
N 2,Rd = 1134 kN
Chord punching shear check not required for overlapping bracings
Localised shear check for overlapping bracings not required as overlap not greater
than 60%.
Therefore, joint strength dictated by chord face failure for both bracings;
14
N1,Rd = 1134 kN
N 2,Rd = 1134 kN
>
>
500 kN PASS
400 kN PASS
References are generally to Tata Steel publication Design of Welded Joints (unless otherwise stated).
N1,Ed = 650 kN
Reference
N2,Ed = - 650 kN
40
45
45
5
Np,Ed = 1000 kN
N0,Ed = 1920 kN
SHS 200 x 200 x 10
All material Celsius 355 to EN 10210
Dimensions
b0 = 200 mm
h0 = 200 mm
t0 = 10.0 mm
b1 = 120 mm
h1 = 120 mm
t1 = 5.0 mm
b2 = 120 mm
h2 = 120 mm
t2 = 5.0 mm
5.3.1 Figure 37
PASS
PASS
b0/t0 35
h0/t0 35
b0/t0 = 200/10 = 20
h0/t0 = 200/10 = 20
PASS
PASS
PASS
PASS
Compression brace:
bi/ti ; hi/ti 35
Compression brace:
(b1-3 t1)/t1 ; (h1-3 t1)/t1 38 (Class 1 or 2 compression)
38 = 38 (235/fy0) = 38(235/355) = 30.92
(b1-3 t1)/t1 = (120-3 x 5)/5 = 21
(h1-3 t1)/t1 = (120-3 x 5)/5 = 21
Tension brace:
bi/ti ; hi/ti 35
(EN 1993-1-1)
Table 5.2
PASS
PASS
PASS
PASS
PASS
PASS
PASS
PASS
bi/b0 0.35
15
(EN 1993-1-1)
Table 5.2
Reference
0.5 h0/b0 2.0
PASS
PASS
PASS
-0.55 h0 e +0.25 h0
PASS
30 i 90
1 = 45
2 = 45
PASS
PASS
g t1 + t 2
40 5 + 5 = 10 mm
PASS
g = 40 mm
= (b1+b2+h1+h2)/(4 b0)
= (120+120+120+120)/(4x200) = 0.6
0.5 x 200(1-0.6) g 1.5 x 200(1-0.6)
40 mm g 120 mm
PASS
e = 5 mm
-0.55 x 200 e +0.25 x 200
-110 e +50
PASS
-0.55 h0 e +0.25 h0
5.3.3
16
8 .9 k n f y 0 t 0 2
sin i
b 1 + b 2 + h1 + h 2
4 b0
/ M5
5.3.3
Reference
RHS chord end stress factor, kn
RHS chord most compressive applied factored stress, 0,Ed;
0 ,Ed =
N0 ,Ed
A0
Mip,0 ,Ed
Wel ,ip,0
Mop,0 ,Ed
5.3.2.1
Wel ,op,0
Note: Moment is additive to compressive stress which is positive for moments. For
RHS chords use most compressive chord stress.
0,Ed =
1920 1000
74.9 10 2
= 256.34 N/mm 2
256.34
n = 0,Ed =
fy 0 355
5.3.2.1
n = 0.722
Using formulae:
Using graph:
0.4 0.722
k n = 1 .3
0.6
k n = 1. 3
but kn 1.0
but
b0
200
=
= 10
2 t0
2 10
N1,Rd =
/ 1 .0
sin 45
4 200
N1,Rd = 694 kN
17
1.0
5.3.2.1
Fig. 38
kn = 0.819
k n = 0.819
5.3.2.1
6.3
Ni,Rd =
f y 0 A v,0
3 sin i
Reference
/ M5
5.3.3
where:
for RHS bracings:
1
=
1+
4g
=
1+
3 t02
4 40 2
= 0.212
5.3.2.5
3 10 2
Av,0 = (2 h0 + b0) t0
5.3.2.5
Ni,Rd =
355 4424
3 sin 45
/ 1. 0
N1,Rd = 1282 kN
Ni,Rd = f yi t i (2 h i 4 t i + b i + b eff ) / M5
5.3.3
where:
beff ,i =
10 t 0 fy 0 t 0
bi
b0
fyi ti
beff ,i =
10 10 355 10
120 = 120 mm
200
355 5
but
beff ,i bi
beff,i = 120 mm
18
5.3.2.2
but
beff ,i 120 mm
Reference
5.3.3
1 1/
0.6 1 1/10 = 0.9 mm
Ni,Rd =
2 hi
+ bi + b e, p,i / M5
3 sin i sin i
fy 0 t 0
5.3.3
where:
b e,p,i =
10 t 0
bi
b0
be,p,i =
10 10
120 = 60 mm
200
but
b e,p,i bi
5.3.2.2
but
b e,p,i 120 mm
be,p,i = 60 mm
Ni,Rd =
355 10 2 120
+ 120 + 60 / 1.0
sin
45
3 sin 45
N1,Rd = 1506 kN
Summary - brace 1
Joint strength for brace 1 dictated by chord face deformation.
N1,Rd = 694 kN
>
650 kN PASS
Brace 2
Repeat brace resistance formulae for brace 2.
Note: As both braces are of same geometry, brace 2 resistance will be the same:
19
N 2,Rd = 694 kN
N 2,Rd = 1282 kN
N 2,Rd = 817 kN
Punching shear,
N 2,Rd = 1506 kN
N 2,Rd = 694 kN
>
650 kN PASS
Reference
5.3.3
Check:
N0,gap,Rd N0,gap,Ed
1 V0,Ed / Vpl,0,Rd
)2 / M5
5.3.3
where:
2
A0 = 74.9 cm = 7490 mm
Av,0 = 4424 mm
5.3.2.5
5.3.3
V0,Ed = max( |650| sin 45 , |-650| sin 45) = max (459.6, 459.6)
V0,Ed = 459.6 kN
Vpl,0,Rd =
Vpl,0,Rd =
A v,0 ( fy 0 / 3 )
5.3.3
(EN 1993-1-1)
6.2.6 (2)
M0
4424 (355 / 3 )
= 906.7 kN
1 .0
460 Horz
460 Horz
- 650
650
1000
460
N0,gap,Ed = 1460
Np,Ed = 1000
1000
460
460
N0,Ed = 1920
N0,gap,Rd = 2442 kN
20
>
1460 kN PASS
5.3.3
References are generally to Tata Steel publication Design of Welded Joints (unless otherwise stated).
N1,Ed = 600 kN
-50.1
N2,Ed = - 600 kN
70
45
Reference
45
N0,Ed = 1849 kN
Np,Ed = 1000 kN
SHS 200 x 200 x 10
All material Celsius 355 to EN 10210
Dimensions
b0 = 200 mm
h0 = 200 mm
t0 = 10.0 mm
b1 = 120 mm
h1 = 120 mm
t1 = 5.0 mm
b2 = 120 mm
h2 = 120 mm
t2 = 5.0 mm
5.3.1 Figure 37
PASS
PASS
(EN 1993-1-1)
Table 5.2
PASS
PASS
PASS
PASS
PASS
PASS
PASS
PASS
PASS
-0.55 h0 e +0.25 h0
PASS
PASS
PASS
25% ov
bi/bj 0.75
21
(EN 1993-1-1)
Table 5.2
Reference
Bracing Effective width Overlapping brace, i (2)
5.3.3
Note: Only the overlapping brace (i) need be checked. The resistance of the
overlapped brace (j) is based on an efficiency ratio to that of the overlapping
brace.
Overlapping brace, i (2):
For 25% ov < 50%
5.3.3
where:
beff ,i =
10 t 0 fy 0 t 0
bi
b0
fyi ti
beff ,i =
10 10 355 10
120 = 120 mm
200
355 5
but
beff ,i bi
5.3.2.2
but
beff ,i 120 mm
beff,i = 120 mm
b e,ov =
b e,ov =
10 t j
bj
f yj t j
f yi t i
bi
but
b e,ov b i
10 5 355 5
120
120
355 5
but
5.3.2.2
b e,ov 120
b e,ov = 50 mm
41.2
>
600 kN PASS
N j,Rd = Ni,Rd
(A j fyj )
(Ai fyi )
5.3.3
where:
2
Aj = A1 = 22.7 cm = 2270 mm
2
2
Ai = A2 = 22.7 cm = 2270 mm
N j,Rd = 617
(2270 355 )
(2270 355 )
22
>
600 kN PASS
References are generally to Tata Steel publication Design of Welded Joints (unless otherwise stated).
Reference
ALL MATERIAL;
CELSIUS 355 to EN 10210
N1,Ed = 500 kN
g = 85
45
45
e = 23.3
Np,Ed = 1212 kN
N0,Ed = 1920 kN
Dimensions
b0 = 200 mm
h0 = 200 mm
t0 = 10.0 mm
d1 = 114.3 mm
t1 = 6.3 mm
d2 = 114.3 mm
t2 = 6.3 mm
PASS
PASS
b0/t0 35
h0/t0 35
PASS
PASS
Compression brace:
(d1/t1 50 (Class 1 or 2 compression)
50 = 50 (235/fy0) = 50(235/355) = 40.7
d1/t1 = 114.3/6.3 = 18.1 40.7
PASS
Tension brace:
di/ti 50
PASS
PASS
PASS
23
b0/t0 = 200/10 = 20
h0/t0 = 200/10 = 20
5.3.1 Figure 37
(EN 1993-1-1)
Table 5.2
(EN 1993-1-1)
Table 5.2
PASS
-0.55 h0 e +0.25 h0
PASS
30 i 90
1 = 45
2 = 45
PASS
PASS
g t1 + t 2
PASS
Reference
8.9 k n fy 0 t 0 2 d1 + d2 + d1 + d2
/ M5
sin i
4 b0
5.3.3
0 ,Ed =
N0 ,Ed
A0
Mip,0 ,Ed
Wel ,ip,0
Mop,0 ,Ed
Wel ,op,0
5.3.2.1
Note: Moment is additive to compressive stress which is positive for moments. For
RHS chords use most compressive chord stress.
0,Ed =
1920 1000
74.9 10 2
= 256.34 N/mm 2
256.34
n = 0,Ed =
fy 0 355
n = 0.722
24
5.3.2.1
Using formulae:
Using graph:
0.4 0.722
k n = 1 .3
0.6
5.3.2.1
but kn 1.0
k n = 1. 3
1.0
but
b0
200
=
= 10
2 t0
2 10
N1,Rd =
5.3.2.1
Fig. 38
kn = 0.819
k n = 0.819
Reference
6.3
/ 1.0
sin 45
4 200
= 519 kN
4
Ni,Rd =
f y 0 A v,0
3 sin i
/ M5
5.3.3
where:
for CHS bracings:
=0
Av,0 = (2 h0 + b0) t0
A v,0 = (2 200 + 0 200 )10 = 4000 mm 2
Ni,Rd =
355 4000
3 sin 45
/ 1 .0
25
= 910 kN
4
5.3.2.5
5.3.2.5
Reference
5.3.3
where:
b eff ,i =
10 t 0 f y 0 t 0
di
b0
f yi t i
b eff ,i =
10 10 355 10
120 = 95.2 mm
200
355 6.3
but
5.3.2.2
b eff ,i di
but
b eff ,i 120 mm
beff,i = 95.2 mm
= 725 kN
4
5.3.3
1 1/
0.6 1 1/10 = 0.9 mm
Ni,Rd =
2 di
sin + di + b e, p,i / M5
3 sin i
i
fy 0 t 0
5.3.3
where:
b e,p,i =
10 t 0
di
b0
b e,p,i =
10 10
114 .3 = 57 .2 mm
200
but
5.3.2.2
b e,p,i di
but
b e,p,i 120 mm
be,p,i = 57.2 mm
Ni,Rd =
355 10 2 114.3
= 1126 kN
4
Summary - brace 1
Joint strength for brace 1 dictated by chord face deformation.
26
N1,Rd = 519 kN
>
500 kN PASS
Reference
Brace 2
Repeat brace resistance formulae for brace 2.
Note: As both braces are of same geometry, brace 2 resistance will be the same:
Chord face deformation,
N2,Rd = 519 kN
N2,Rd = 910 kN
N2,Rd = 725 kN
Punching shear,
N2,Rd = 1126 kN
N2,Rd = 519 kN
>
500 kN PASS
Check:
N0,gap,Rd N0,gap,Ed
where:
1 V0,Ed / Vpl,0,Rd
)2 / M5
5.3.3
A0 = 74.9 cm = 7490 mm
2
Av,0 = 4000 mm
5.3.2.5
5.3.3
V0,Ed = 354 kN
Vpl,0,Rd =
Vpl,0,Rd =
27
A v,0 ( fy 0 / 3 )
M0
4000 (355 / 3 )
= 819.8 kN
1 .0
5.3.3
(EN 1993-1-1)
6.2.6 (2)
Reference
354 Horz
354 Horz
500
- 500
1212
354
N0,gap,Ed = 1566
Np,Ed = 1212
1212
354
354
N0,Ed = 1920
N0,gap,Rd = 2520 kN
28
>
1566 kN PASS
5.3.3
Reference
-109.1
ALL MATERIAL;
CELSIUS 355 to EN 10210
Nj,Ed = 500kN
Ni,Ed = - 400kN
30
60
Np,Ed = 1000kN
b0 = 200.0 mm
ti = 6.3 mm
di = 114.3 mm
tj = 6.3 mm
dj = 114.3 mm
fu,i = 470 N/mm
sin i sin j h
dj
di
+
+ g
e=
0
2 sin i 2 sin j
sin i + j 2
where g =
ov di
100 sin i
82.7 114.3
100 sin (60)
g = 109.1 mm
g=
29
6.5 Figure 57
114 .3
sin (60 ) sin (30 ) 100
114 .3
e=
+
+ ( 109 .1)
sin
60
sin
30
2
(
)
(
)
sin (60 + 30 )
Reference
e = 19 .5 mm
PASS
(EN1993-1-1)
(Table 5.2)
PASS
PASS
PASS
PASS
PASS
-0.55 h0 e +0.25 h0
PASS
ov 25%
PASS
30 I 90
j = 30
I = 60
PASS
PASS
di/dj 0.75
PASS
(EN1993-1-1)
(Table 5.2)
PASS
5.3 Figure 37
5.3.3
where:
de,ov =
30
fyj t j
10
di but de,ov di
d j / t j fyi ti
5.3.2.2
Reference
de,ov =
10
355 6.3
> 400 kN
PASS
(A j fyj )
(Ai fyi )
5.3.3
where:
(2140 355 )
(2140 355 )
N j,Rd = 668 kN
>
500 kN
PASS
31
As
toe
vert.
component
346.4 250
100 = 27.8%
346.4
brace vertical component > 20%
diff . =
difference between
needs welding.
hidden
Shear Check valid when 80% < ov < 100% and overlapped brace hidden toe welded;
Ni,Ed cos i + N j
,Ed
Reference
cos j .......... .
100 ov
2di + deff ,i ti
f
100
f
2d j + c s deff , j t j
u, j
u,
1
...... i
+
4 3
sin i
sin j
3
M5
where :
deff ,i =
10t 0 fy,0 t 0
di
b0
fy,i ti
but di
deff ,i =
10 10 355 10
114.3
200
355 6.3
but 114.3
5.3.3
5.3.2.2
where :
deff , j =
10t 0 fy,0 t 0
dj
b0
fy, j t j
deff , j =
10 10 355 10
114.3
200
355 6.3
5.3.2.2
but d j
but 114.3
where :
5.1.3
100 82.7
470 100
470 ((2 114.3) + 2 91.4) 6.3 1
......
4 3
sin (60)
sin (30)
3
1
= 1307 kN
32
1307 kN
PASS
Reference
g = -135.5
ALL MATERIAL;
CELSIUS 355 to EN 10210
Nj,Ed = 500kN
Ni,Ed = - 400kN
e = - 30.6
60
30
Np,Ed = 1000kN
b0 = 200.0 mm
ti = 6.3 mm
di = 114.3 mm
tj = 6.3 mm
dj = 114.3 mm
fu,i = 470 N/mm
sin i sin j h
dj
di
+
+ g
e=
0
2 sin i 2 sin j
sin i + j 2
where g =
ov di
100 sin i
102.7 114.3
100 sin (60)
g = 135.5 mm
g=
33
6.5 Figure 57
114 .3
sin (60 ) sin (30 ) 100
114 .3
e=
+
+ ( 135 .5 )
sin
60
sin
30
2
(
)
(
)
sin (60 + 30 )
Reference
e = 30 .6 mm
Validity limits check
2
(EN1993-1-1)
Table 5.2
PASS
PASS
PASS
PASS
PASS
-0.55 h0 e +0.25 h0
PASS
ov 25%
PASS
30 i 90
j = 30
i = 60
PASS
PASS
di/dj 0.75
PASS
(EN1993-1-1)
Table 5.2
PASS
5.3 Figure 37
where ov 80%;
5.3.3
where:
de,ov =
fyj t j
10
di but de,ov di
d j / t j fyi ti
de,ov =
10
355 6.3
34
5.3.2.2
Ni,Rd
Reference
(A j fyj )
(Ai fyi )
5.3.3
where:
(2140 355 )
(2140 355 )
N j,Rd = 668 kN
>
500 kN
PASS
Overlapping Bracings Shear Check for CHS Bracings; where ov > 100%;
Ni,Ed cos i + N j
,Ed
......
where:
cos j .......... .
5.3.3
fu, j 3 d j + deff , j t j
1
4
sin j
M5
3
deff , j =
10 t0 fy,0 t 0
dj
b0
fy, j t j
but d j
deff , j =
10 10 355 10
114.3
200
355 6.3
but 114.3
5.3.2.2
Ni,Ed cos i + N j
,Ed
......
cos j .......... .
4
sin( 30 )
M5
3
35
673 kN
PASS
ALL MATERIAL;
CELSIUS 355 to EN 10210
N3,Ed = 150kN
N2,Ed = - 650kN
N1,Ed = 492kN
Brace 3
Brace 2
Brace 1
45
50
e = - 19.5
e1 = -50.0
e2= -40.4
RHSx 200
SHS 200 x 200
10.0x 100 x 10
h1 = 90.0 mm
b1 = 90.0 mm
t1 = 5.0 mm
A1 = 23.2cm2
h2 = 100.0 mm
b2 = 100.0 mm
t2 = 6.3 mm
A2 = 16.7cm2
h3 = 100.0 mm
b3 = 100.0 mm
t3 = 6.3 mm
A3 = 23.2cm2
This example is to show how to calculate a KT-Joint with SHS chord and braces. The method of
checking a KT-Joint depends on the direction of the brace forces, gap or overlap and chord section
profile. This example is for;
With this configuration, the joint can be checked like two separate K-joints. Please be aware that
different brace angle and overlap values may change how the joint is calculated and you should refer to
the Tata Design of Welded Joints literature before tackling any joint to make sure you are using the
correct method and formulae.The force combination of the braces can be seen at 5.6.2 Figure 51(c) (as
a (from left to right) compression-compression-tension) of our Design Of Welded Joints literature.
36
Reference
Reference
GEOMETRIC CALCULATIONS
For Eccentricity; Brace 1 in relation to Brace 3;
b1
sin 1 sin 3 h0
b3
e1 =
+
+ g
2
sin
2
sin
1
3
sin (1 + 3 ) 2
Brace 1 to 3 overlap, ov = 50%;
where; g =
g1 =
ov bi
100 sin i
6.5 Figure 57
50.0 90.0
1
100 sin (45)
g1 = 63.6 mm
2
2 sin ( 45 ) 2 sin (90 )
sin (45 + 90 )
= 50 .0 mm
For Eccentricity, Brace 2 in relation to Brace 3;
b2
sin 2 sin 3 h0
b3
e2 =
+
+ g
2
sin
2
sin
2
3
sin (2 + 3 ) 2
Brace 2 to 3 overlap, ov = 50%;
g2 =
6.5 Figure 57
ov b2
100 sin 2
where; g2 =
50.0 100
100 sin (50)
g2 = 65.3 mm
100 .0
sin (50 ) sin (90 ) 200 .0
100 .0
e2 =
+
+ ( 65 .3 )
(
)
(
)
2
sin
50
2
sin
90
2
sin (50 + 90 )
= 40 .4 mm
5.3 Figure 37
(EN1993-1-1)
Table 5.2
PASS
PASS
(EN1993-1-1)
Table 5.2
PASS
PASS
PASS
PASS
PASS
PASS
PASS
PASS
PASS
PASS
PASS
PASS
PASS
-0.55 h0 e +0.25 h0
PASS
PASS
ov 25%
Reference
PASS
30 i 90
1 = 45
2 = 50
3 = 90
PASS
PASS
PASS
bi/bj 0.75
PASS
PASS
PASS
6.5 Figure 57
where;
be,ov,1 =
38
10 t 3 fy 3 t 3
b1 but be,ov,1 b1
b3
fy1 t1
5.3.2.2
Reference
b e,ov ,1 =
90 .0 but b e,ov ,1 90 .0
100 .0
355 5.0
where;
b eff ,1 =
b eff ,1 =
f y0 t 0
10 t 0
b 1 but b eff ,1 b 1
b0
f y1 t 1
10 10
200
355
10
355 5 . 0
5.3.2.2
90 but b eff ,1 90
PASS
where;
N j,Rd = Ni,Rd
(A j fyj )
(Ai fyi )
(Tata Technical
Guide TST02)
(2320 355)
N3,Rd = 570
(1670 355)
N 3 ,Rd = 792kN > 150kN
PASS
39
10 t 3 f y 3 t 3
b 2 but b e,ov,2 b 2
b3
fy2 t 2
5.3.2.2
Reference
b e,ov ,2 =
where;
b eff ,2 =
b eff ,2 =
f y0 t 0
10 t 0
b 2 but b eff ,2 b 2
b0
f y2 t 2
10 10
200
355
10
355 6 . 3
5.3.2.2
PASS
where:
N j,Rd = Ni,Rd
(A j fyj )
(Ai fyi )
N3,Rd = 709
(2320 355)
(2320 355)
PASS
SUMMARY
Here, the validity limits are combined to include all three braces and then for the calculations, due to the
nature of the joint, it can be treated as two overlap K-Joints. This means Brace 3 (the vertical overlapped
brace) is checked twice in relation to Brace 1 and Brace 2 and must pass on both of these checks. It is
important to check the joint configuration and refer to our Design of Welded Joints literature to make sure the
correct method and formulae is used.
40
10
References are generally to Tata Steel publication Design of Welded Joints (unless otherwise stated).
ALL MATERIAL;
CELSIUS 355 to EN 10210
N3,Ed = 113kN
N1,Ed = 369kN
Brace 3
N2,Ed = - 488kN
Brace 2
g1,3 = 30mm
g2,3 = 52mm
Brace 1
45
30
CHS 193.7 x 10.0
e = - 19.5
512kN
RHS
e1 = 46.8mm
200 x 100 x 10
1087kN
e2 = 21.2mm
NOTE: Brace 1 CHS is 88.9 x 5.0, Brace 2 and 3 is CHS 101.6 x 6.3
Dimensions
d0 = 193.7 mm
t0 = 10.0 mm
M5 = 1.0
d1 = 88.9 mm
t1 = 5.0 mm
2
A1 = 13.2cm
d2 = 101.6 mm
t2 = 6.3 mm
2
A2 = 18.9cm
d3 = 101.6 mm
t3 = 6.3 mm
2
A3 = 18.9cm
This example is to show how to calculate a gap KT-Joint with CHS chord and braces. The
recommendations for an all-CHS gap KT-Joint are in EN1993-1-8 Table 7.6. The method of checking a
KT-Joint depends on the direction of the brace forces, gap or overlap and chord section profile. This
example is for;
With this configuration, the joint capacity is based on the most highly loaded compression brace for
chord face failure and punching shear failure for each brace. Please be aware that different brace angle
and gap values may change how the joint is calculated and you should refer to the Tata Design of
Welded Joints literature before tackling any joint to make sure you are using the correct method and
formulae.The force combination of the braces can be seen at 5.6.2 Figure 51(c) (as a (from left to right)
compression-compression-tension) of our Design Of Welded Joints literature.
41
Reference
Reference
Geometric Calculations
For Eccentricity; Brace 1 in relation to Brace 3;
sin 1 sin 3 d0
d1
d3
e1 =
+
+ g
2 sin 1 2 sin 3
sin (1 + 3 ) 2
Brace 1 to 3 gap, g1 = 30mm;
(
)
(
)
2
sin
45
2
sin
90
2
sin (45 + 90 )
= 46 .8 mm
For Eccentricity, Brace 2 in relation to Brace 3;
sin 2 sin 3 d0
d2
d3
e2 =
+
+ g
2 sin 2 2 sin 3
sin (2 + 3 ) 2
Brace 2 to 3 gap, g2 = 52mm;
101 .6
sin (30 ) sin (90 ) 193 .7
101 .6
e2 =
+
+ 52 .0
(
)
(
)
2
sin
30
2
sin
90
2
sin (30 + 90 )
= 21 .2 mm
5.1.1 Figure 27
PASS
PASS
PASS
PASS
2
di/ti 70 (Class 1 or 2 for compression bracings)
702 = 70 [(235/fy0)]2 = 70 (235/355)2 = 46.34
d1/t1= 17.78
PASS
PASS
d3/t3 = 16.13
42
(EN1993-1-1)
Table 5.2
PASS
PASS
PASS
-0.55 d0 e +0.25 d0
PASS
PASS
(EN1993-1-1)
Table 5.2
g t1 + t2 but 12t0
30 i 90
but 12t0
but 12t0
Reference
PASS
PASS
1 = 45
2 = 30
3 = 90
PASS
PASS
PASS
N 1,Rd =
k g k p fy0 t 0 2
sin 1
d + d2 + d3
1 . 8 + 10 . 2 1
3 d0
/ M5
0.024 1.2
k g = 0.2 1 +
5.1.2.2 (kg)
d0
193 .7
=
= 9 .69
2 t 0 2 10 .0
6.3 ()
0.024 9.691.2
k g = 9.69 0.2 1 +
k g = 1.70
43
Using Graph:
From graph;
g/t0 = 52/10.0 = 5.2
kg = 1.70
For graph
5.1.2.2 Fig. 29
Reference
Np,Ed
A0
Mip,0,Ed
Wel,ip,0
Mop,0,Ed
5.1.2.1
Wel,op,0
p,Ed =
512 1000
57.7 10
= 88.7 N/mm2
p,Ed 88.7
=
np =
= 0.25
fy0 355
Using graph:
5.1.2.1
5.1.2.1 (kp)
kp = 1 - 0.3 np (1 + np)
but 1.0
kp = 1 0.3 0.25 (1 + 0.25) but 1.0
from graph;
kp = 0.91
k p = 0.91
N 1,Rd =
For graph
5.1.2.1 Fig. 28
1 . 70 0 . 91 355 10 . 0 2
88 . 9 + 101 . 6 + 101 . 6
1 . 8 + 10 . 2
/ 1 .0
sin 45
3 193 . 7
44
PASS
5.6.2
Reference
PASS
di d0 2t0
5.1.3
fy0
3
t 0 d1
1 + sin i
2 sin
5.1.3
/ M5
For Brace 1;
N 1,Rd =
355
3
10 . 0 88 . 9
1 + sin 45
2 sin 2 45
/ 1 .0
PASS
For Brace 2;
N 2,Rd =
355
3
10 . 0 101 . 6
1 + sin 30
2 sin 2 30
/ 1 .0
PASS
For Brace 3;
N 3 ,Rd =
355
3
10 . 0 101 . 6
1 + sin 90
2 sin 2 90
/ 1 .0
PASS
Summary
Here, the validity limits are combined to include all three braces. The eccentricity values use both brace 1 and
2 (diagonals) in relation to brace 3 (the vertical brace). It is important to check the joint configuration and refer
to our Design of Welded Joints literature to make sure the correct method and formulae is used. To re-iterate
this is a theoretical method which is not supported by research or tests.
45
ALL MATERIAL;
CELSIUS 355 to EN 10210
Reference
N3,Ed = 113kN
N2,Ed = - 488kN
N1,Ed = 369kN
Brace 3
Brace 2
Brace 1
45
e = - 19.5
e1 = -73.2mm
512kN
50
e2 = -60.4mm
1087kN
d1 = 88.9 mm
t1 = 5.0 mm
A1 = 13.2 cm2
fu1 = 470 N/mm2
d2 = 101.6 mm
t2 = 6.3 mm
A2 = 18.9 cm2
fu2 = 470 N/mm2
d3 = 101.6 mm
t3 = 6.3 mm
A3 = 18.9 cm2
fu3 = 470 N/mm2
This example is to show how to calculate an overlap KT-Joint with CHS chord and braces. Please be
aware that there are no recommendations for an overlap KT- Joint in EN1993-1-8 or elsewhere as far
as Tata Steel is aware. This is a Tata Steel method and is included in the Tata Steel Design of Welded
Joints literature. It is a theoretical method which is not supported by research or tests. The method of
checking a KT-Joint depends on the direction of the brace forces, gap or overlap and chord section
profile. This example is for;
With this configuration, the joint capacity is based on the most highly loaded compression brace for
chord face failure. Please be aware that different overlap values may change how the joint is calculated
and you should refer to the Tata Design of Welded Joints literature before tackling any joint to make
sure you are using the correct method and formulae.The force combination of the braces can be seen
at 5.6.2 Figure 51(c) (as a (from left to right) compression-compression-tension) of our Design Of
Welded Joints literature. Due to one of the braces falling within the limits (overlapping percentage) for
the localised brace-to-chord shear check, this calculation has also been completed.
46
fu values taken
from Product
Standard
EN10210-1
Table A.3 as
required by UK
National Annex
Reference
Geometric Calculations
For Eccentricity; Brace 1 in relation to Brace 3;
sin 1 sin 3 d0
d1
d3
e1 =
+
+ g
2 sin 1 2 sin 3
sin (1 + 3 ) 2
Brace 1 to 3 overlap, ov = 71.6%;
where; g =
g1 =
ov d1
100 sin 1
6.5 Figure 57
71.6 88.9
1
100 sin (45)
g1 = 90 mm
2
2 sin ( 45 ) 2 sin (90 )
sin (45 + 90 )
= 73 .2 mm
For Eccentricity, Brace 2 in relation to Brace 3;
sin 2 sin 3 d0
d2
d3
e2 =
+
+ g
2 sin 2 2 sin 3
sin (2 + 3 ) 2
Brace 2 to 3 overlap, ov = 65.2%;
ov d2
100 sin 2
where; g2 =
g2 =
6.5 Figure 57
65.2 101.6
100 sin (50)
g2 = 86.5 mm
101 .6
sin (50 ) sin (90 ) 193 .7
101 .6
e2 =
+
+ ( 86 .5 )
(
)
(
)
2
sin
50
2
sin
90
2
sin (50 + 90 )
= 60 .4 mm
5.1.1 Figure 27
PASS
47
(EN1993-1-1)
Table 5.2
di/ti 50
PASS
PASS
PASS
2
di/ti 70 (Class 1 or 2 for compression bracings)
702 = 70 [(235/fy0)]2 = 70 (235/355)2 = 46.34
d1/t1= 17.78
PASS
d3/t3 = 16.13
PASS
-0.55 d0 e +0.25 d0
ov 25%
30 i 90
Reference
(EN1993-1-1)
Table 5.2
PASS
PASS
PASS
5.1.1 Figure 27
PASS
PASS
6.5 Figure 57
PASS
1 = 45
2 = 50
3 = 90
PASS
PASS
PASS
PASS
N 1,Rd =
k g k p fy0 t 0 2
sin 1
d
1 . 8 + 10 . 2 1 / M 5
d0
0.024 1.2
k g = 0.2 1 +
d0
193 .7
=
= 9 .69
2 t 0 2 10 .0
48
5.1.2.2 (kg)
6.3 ()
Reference
Using Formulae:
0.024 9.691.2
k g = 9.69 0.2 1 +
k g = 2.15
Using Graph:
From graph;
g/t0 = -86.5/10.0 = -8.7
kg = 2.15
For graph
5.1.2.2 Fig. 29
Np,Ed
A0
Mip,0,Ed
Wel,ip,0
5.1.2.1
Mop,0,Ed
Wel,op,0
p,Ed =
512 1000
57.7 102
= 88.7 N/mm2
p,Ed 88.7
=
np =
= 0.25
fy0 355
Using graph:
5.1.2.1
5.1.2.1 (kp)
but 1.0
kp = 1 - 0.3 np (1 + np)
kp = 1 0.3 0.25 (1 + 0.25) but 1.0
from graph;
kp = 0.91
k p = 0.91
N 1,Rd =
For graph
5.1.2.1 Fig. 28
2 . 15 0 . 91 355 10 . 0 2
88 . 9
1 . 8 + 10 . 2
/ 1 .0
sin 45
193 . 7
PASS
sin 1
N 1,Rd
sin 2
N 2,Rd =
sin 45
637
sin 50
5.1.3
PASS
Reference
Although this failure mode check was included as a corrigendum in section 7.1.2 (6) of EN 1993-1-8, no
equations have been included in tables 7.2, 7.10, 7.21 or 7.24. In their absence, the following criteria for
adequacy of the shear connection may be used. They are based on research by CIDECT but expressed using
EN1993-1-8 symbols.
Modified equation only applicable when brace 3 is the overlapped brace (j) and diagonals 1 and 2 overlap (i).
For KT-Joint overlap joint check 60% < ov,1 or ov,2 < 100%;
f u1
4 3
fu3
3
100 ov ,1
100
(c s1 d eff ,3
2 d 1 + d eff ,1 t 1
+ u2
sin 1
3
100 ov ,2
100
5.1.3
(Modified for
three braces)
2 d 2 + d eff ,2 t 2
........
sin 2
+ c s 2 d eff ,3 ) t 3
1
sin 3
M5
fy0 t 0
12 t 0
d i but d eff ,i d i
d0
f yi t i
d eff ,1 =
12 10 . 0 355 10 . 0
88 . 9 but d eff ,1 88 . 9
193 . 7
355 5 . 0
d eff ,2 =
12 10 . 0 355 10 . 0
50
5.1.2.3
Reference
d eff , j =
fy0 t 0
12 t 0
d j but d eff , j d j
d0
f yj t j
d eff ,3 =
12 10 . 0 355 10 . 0
5.1.2.3
Assume the hidden toes of braces 1 & 2 are NOT welded therefore;
c s1 = 1
5.1.3
Therefore;
2 88 . 9 + 88 . 9 5 . 0
100
470
470
4 3
sin 45
3
470
3
(1 100
100 65 . 2
2 101 . 6 + 100 6 . 3
100
........
sin 50
+ 1 100 ) 6 . 3 1 . 0
sin 90
1 .0
575 kN
575 kN
(989745
4
575 kN
778 kN PASS
) 1 .0
Summary
Here, the validity limits are combined to include all three braces. The eccentricity values use both brace 1 and
2 (diagonal) in relation to brace 3 (the vertical overlapped brace). The localised brace-to-chord shear check
has been completed due to the high overlap. Please note that even if one brace is within limits for the braceto-chord shear check, the check will still have to be calculated. In this example both diagonal braces overlap
within the limits for the shear check. The brace-to-chord shear check equation sees the addition of the
horizontal loads of the 3 bracings, the 2 angled braces having loads that result in the same horizontal
direction. This means the brace 2 load (negative tension load) had to be subtracted so that the doublenegative created a positive result so that the equation calculated correctly. It is important to check the joint
configuration and refer to our Design of Welded Joints literature to make sure the correct method and
formulae is used. To re-iterate this is a theoretical method which is not supported by research or tests.
51
Reference
MATERIAL;
BRACES: CELSIUS S355 to EN 10210
UB CHORD: ADVANCE S355 to EN 10025
N1,Ed = 150 kN
N2,Ed = -150 kN
45
45
Np,Ed = 250 kN
N0,Ed = 462 kN
Dimensions
b0 = 125.3 mm
h0 = 311.0 mm
tw = 9.0 mm
tf = 14.0 mm
dw = h0 2 x (tf r0) = 265.2 mm
r0 = 8.9 mm
h1 = 100.0 mm
b1 = 100.0 mm
t1 = 6.3 mm
h2 = 100.0 mm
b2 = 100.0 mm
t2 = 6.3 mm
52
5.7.1 Figure 55
(EN1993-1-1
Table 5.2)
Chord: Web;
dw/tw 38 (Class 1 or 2 compression)
38 = 38 (235/fy0) = 38 (235/355) = 30.92
dw/tw = 265.2/9 = 29.5
dw 400 dw = 265.2
Chord: Flange;
cf/tf 10 (Class 1 or 2 compression)
10 = 10 (235/fy0) = 10 (235/355) = 8.1
cf = (b0 2r0 - tw)/2 = (125.3 2 8.9 9)/2 = 49.25
cf/tf = 49.25/14.0 = 3.52
PASS
PASS
PASS
PASS
Compression brace:
(b1 3t1)/t1 ; (h1 3t1)/t1 38 (Class 1 or 2 compression)
38 = 38 (235/355) = 30.92
(b1 3t1)/ t1 = (100 3 6.3)/6.3 = 81.1/6.3 = 12.87
PASS
PASS
PASS
(EN1993-1-1
Table 5.2)
Reference
PASS
PASS
PASS
where
f y 0 t w b w ,i
sin i
b w ,i
/ M5
5.7.4
hi
+ 5 (t f + r 0 )
sin i
b w ,1 =
but 2 t i + 10 (t f + r 0 )
100
+ 5 (14 . 0 + 8 . 9 )
sin 45
bw,1 = 255.92
5.7.2
but 2 6 . 3 + 10 (14 . 0 + 8 . 9 )
but 241.6
bw,1 = 241.6 mm and bw,2 = bw,1 as same brace and angle dimensions.
Therefore;
N 1,Rd =
355 9 . 0 241 . 6
/ 1 . 0 = 1092 kN
sin 45
Chord Shear;
N i,Rd =
where
f y0 A v0
3 sin i
/ M5
5.7.4
5.7.3
where
=
1
2
1 + 4 g
3 tf2
1
2
1 + 4 165 . 8
3 14 . 0 2
= 0.073
Av,0 = 3114.9 mm
53
5.7.3
Reference
N 1,Rd =
355 3114 . 9
3 sin 45
/ 1 .0
N 1,Rd = 903 kN
5.7.4
g / tf 20 - 28
165.8 / 14.0 20 28 (100+100+100+100/4 x 125.3)
11.8 -2.4
where
5.7.2
PASS
N 0,gap ,Rd = (A 0 A v ,0 ) f y 0 + A v ,0 f y 0 1
where
/ M5
V 0,Ed
V pl ,0,Rd
5.7.4
5.7.4
Vo,Ed = 106.1kN
where
Vpl,0,Rd =
A v ,0 f y 0 /
M0
Reference
3
) = 3141 .8 (355 / 3 )
1 .0
5.7.4
Vpl,0,Rd = 643.9kN
106 . 1
1
/ 1 .0
643 . 9
N0,gap,Rd = 2077kN
check;
N0,gap,Rd N0,gap,Ed
150kN
150kN
250kN
250.0
+106.1
356.1
Therefore;
N0,gap,Ed = 356.1kN
2077kN 356.1kN
55
PASS
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English Language TST56:PDF:UK:12/2013