Unit 10 ~ Physiology & Anatomy II

HW #1: Bones & Muscles (2 pages)

Name:_____________________________________
Period:_______________

Directions: Label Mr. Skeleton with the bones listed below:

Bones To Know
carpals
cervical vertebrae
clavicle
femur
fibula
humerus
lumbar vertebrae
mandible
maxilla
metacarpals
metatarsals
patella
pelvis
phalanges
radius
ribs
scapula
skull
sternum
tarsals
thoracic vertebrae
tibia
ulna
zygomatic

Directions: Label the following parts of the long bone. Include the functions of each type of bone / marrow.
Part
Function
compact bone
periosteum
red marrow
spongy bone
yellow
marrow

HW #1: Bones & Muscles (page 2 - continued)

Human Dorsal and Ventral Muscle Diagrams

Directions: Label Muscle Man with the muscles listed below. Some bones are labeled for you already.
1. Muscles to Label: achilles tendon, biceps brachii, biceps femoris, deltoid, external oblique, gastrocnemius, gluteus maximus,
intercostals (between ribs), latissimus dorsi, linea alba, masseter, pectoralis major, quadracep femorus, sartorius, hamstring
muscles, sternocleidomastoid, tibialis anterior, trapezius, triceps

Internal Muscle Structure:

2. Use Figure 36-7 to label this picture of a muscle:

skeletal muscle, bundle of muscle fibers, muscle fiber
(cell), myofibril, Z-line, sarcomere, myosin, and actin.

3. The sarcomere is the contracting unit of a myofibril. In

the space below is a picture of a relaxed muscle
sarcomere and a contracted muscle sarcomere. Label
and show the position of actin and myosin filaments.

HW #2: Bones & Muscles continued (2 pages)

Directions: Read pages 921-925 in your text to complete the following.
1. List five functions of the skeletal system and provide and example for each function.

2. Yellow bone marrow stores _________; while red bone marrow ________________________________________.
3. Describe the role of cartilage and the process of ossification when a human is growing.

4. Describe where growth plates are in long bones and what happens when to growth plates when a human is an adult.

5. Describe the role of cartilage and ligaments in joints.

6. Think about it! Of the 206 bones in the human body, what is the...
Longest bone
Strongest bone
# of vertebrae

# of ribs

7. Fill in the following table about joints. Describe the types of joints, and give an example of each one.
Joint Name
Immovable

Slightly Movable

Freely Movable:
Ball & Socket
Freely Movable:
Hinge
Freely Movable:
Pivot
Freely Movable:
Saddle

Description

Example

HW #2: Bones & Muscles continued (page 2 - continued)

1. Describe the following types of muscle tissues by filling in the table:
Muscle Type

Define or describe

Example of where is it
found in the body.

Voluntary or
involuntary?

skeletal
muscle

smooth
muscle

cardiac
muscle

2. Describe how the actin and myosin filaments interact during a muscle contraction.

3. Muscle and bone tissue

What type of tissue connects muscle to bone?

4.

What type of tissue connects bone to bone?

Muscle move in opposing pairs. Describe what this statement means and give an example of an opposing
pair of muscles in you body.

5. Think About It! Take a look at the knee joint to the right.
Using what you know about bones and muscles, label the
joint using the following terms: femur, tibia, patella,
patellar ligament, tendon, cartilage
(not all lines will be used)

HW #3: Digestive System (1 page)

Directions: Read pages 978-984 in your text and answer the following questions.

Use the following table to take notes on the major organs in the digestive track.
Organ/Gland
Name

Main Functions

Secretions/enzymes (if any)

Purpose of Secretions
(if any)

Mouth: teeth &

salivary glands
Esophagus

Stomach

Duodenum
Pancreas (food
doesnt enter here!)
Liver/gall bladder
(secretions)
Small intestine

Large intestine

Rectum

2.Use Figure 38-10 to label these human abdominal organs and structures: mouth, pharynx, salivary glands,
liver, gall bladder, esophagus, stomach, duodenum, pancreas, small intestine, large intestine, rectum
3. Describe why the small intestine has so many folds
and villi projections.

4. Write a flowchart showing the organs that food moves

through as it is digested.

HW #4: Cardiovascular System (2 pages)

Directions: Read pages 942-955 in your textbook and answer the following.
1. Describe the functions of the circulatory system:
2. What three things does the circulatory system consist of?

3. On the diagram of the heart below. Label the following parts: right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle, left ventricle,
pulmonary veins, pulmonary arteries, aorta, superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, four valves

4. Describe the difference between the pulmonary circulation and the systemic circulation.

5. Describe the function of the valves that are found in the heart.

6. On the diagram to the right, label the following:

Aorta
Arteries
Capillary beds in the trunk, arms and legs
Capillary beds in the lungs
Heart
Pulmonary Arteries
Pulmonary Veins
Veins
Vena Cava

HW # 4 Cardiovascular System (page 2 - continued)

7. Compare and contrast vein, arteries, & capillaries
Characteristic

Arteries

Veins

Function
Diameter of Vessel
(large or narrow)
Smaller vessels called:
Carries oxygenated or
deoxygenated blood
Do substances diffuse across
the walls? (Yes or no)

8.

Describe how the blood makes it by to the heart in the systemic system despite the force of gravity.

9. Describe the function of the following parts of the blood:

Plasma:

Red Blood Cells:

White Blood Cells & Lymphocytes:

Platelets:

10. The Lymphatic System. Describe the function of the following:

Lymph:

Lymph Nodes:

Spleen:

Thymus:

Capillaries

In Class wksht Heart Contractions, EKGs & Blood Pressure (2 pages)

Directions: Read page 946 and answer the following.
1. On the diagram to the right, label the SA and AV nodes. In addition, describe the function of each node below.


SA Node:



AV Node:


2. Describe the purpose of the cardiac pacemaker and how it interacts with the nervous system:

Does the SA node or the AV node act as the cardiac pacemaker?

3. What part of the nervous system controls this? (be specific)
6.

Use the information about EKG to the right, as well as

your notes, to answer the questions below.
This information is not in your book.

EKGs are made up of P waves, QRS complexes, and T waves.

P wave shows:

QRS complex shows:

T wave shows:

In Class worksheet - Heart Contractions, EKGs & Blood Pressure (page 2 - continued)
7. Read page 947-950 and answer the questions below.
Blood Pressure:

Why is it important to always have some pressure in the heart?

What is a sphygmomanometer?


What is the systolic pressure in the blood pressure reading?


What is the diastolic pressure in the blood pressure reading?


What is a normal blood pressure reading? __________________


6. Answer the questions below about cardiovascular disorders:

What is hypertension?
What is it caused by?

What is atherosclerosis?
What is it caused by?

Describe at least 5 risk factors correlated with cardiovascular disorders:

STAMP

HW #5: Respiratory System (2 pages)

Directions: Read pages 956-963 and answer the following questions:

1. What is the basic function of the respiratory system?

2. What 5 organs make up the respiratory system?

3.

On the diagram below, draw in and label the diaphragm.

4.

On the diagram below, label each of the parts below. Then describe the function of each in the chart.

Pharynx:

Trachea:

Larynx:

Bronchi:

Bronchioles:

Alveoli:

Diaphragm:

Lungs:

8. Why are the cilia and mucus so important in the respiratory track?

9.

How do the respiratory and circulatory systems work together in the process of gas exchange?

HW #5: Respiratory System (page 2 - continued)

Breathing
10. Describe how breathing works with very little muscle movement (and ATP!) Use Figure 37-15 on p. 959
On each diagram, label the position of the rib cage and diaphragm and answer the questions.
As you inhale (breathe in)
As you exhale (breathe out)

Diaphragm contracts or

Diaphragm contracts

relaxes?

or relaxes?

Volume of the chest

Volume of the chest

cavity increases or
decreases?

cavity increases or
decreases?

Pressure of the cavity

Pressure of the cavity

increase or decrease?

increase or decrease?

Uses ATP on a normal

Uses ATP on a normal

inhale?

exhale?

Effects on the Respiratory System

9. Why is it more difficult to breathe at high altitudes?

10. Breathing is both voluntary and involuntary. What part of the brain controls breathing and how does it
know to when its time to breathe?

11. List and describe 3 respiratory diseases caused by smoking.

STAMP

HW #6: Reproductive System (2 pages)

Directions: Read pages 1010-1011 about the male reproductive system and fill out the following.
1. Fill out the table below.
Label the diagram showing the location of the structures
listed in the table to the right.

Male
Reproductive
Structure

Function(s)

Testes

Scrotum

Vas deferens

Seminal Vesiclce

Bulbourethral
Gland
Prostate Gland

Urethra

Penis

2.

Describe the pathway that the sperm moves through the male reproductive organs.

3. Describe the roles of the following hormones in male reproductive development:

Hormone
Testosterone

LH

FSH

Where is it Made

Role in Reproduction

HW #6: Reproductive System (page 2 - continued)

4. Fill in the following table.
Label the diagram showing the location of the structures
listed in the table to the right

Female
Reproductive
Structure

Function(s)

Ovary

Fallopian Tube

Uterus

Cervix

Vagina
Front View

5. Describe each of the following phases in the female menstrual cycle:

Phase

Days

Follicular

1-5 & 613

Ovulation

14

Luteal

15-28

Menstruation

0-7

Description of Events

Hormones Used