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Cementing
Function
Provide zonal isolation
Support axial load of casing strings
Provide casing protection against corrosive
fluids
Support the wellbore
Protect water zones
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58
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50
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54
30
8+
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2
5
8
12
8
12
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Cementing
API Class
A&B
C
D, E, F, & H
G
Liter/sack
19.6
23.9
16.2
18.8
Cementing Additives
Density-control (Nitrogen, bentonite, barite,)
Setting-time-control (Calcium chloride, sodium chloride,...)
Lost-circulation (crushed walnut shell, expanded perlite,)
Filtration-control (Latex, bentonite with dispersant,)
Viscosity-control (Sodium chloride, long-chain
polymers,)
Special additives for unusual problems (
Note: Additives are usually expressed a weight percent of
cement.
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Cement Testing
Pressurized mud balance
Cement Testing
Cement consistometer
Atmospheric
Pressurized
Atmospheric Consistometer
HP/HT Consistometer
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Cement Testing
Strength Test
Compressive Test
Nondestructive Sonic Strength Testing of Cement
Ultrasonic Cement Analyzer (UCA)
Rotational Viscometer
Bingham Plastic Model (
Power-Law Model (
)
Rotational Viscometer
3.222 log
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Rheological Models
Bingham
Herschel Bulkley
Shear Stress ()
Power Law
Newtonian
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Cementing Operations
Casing Primary Cementing
Liner Primary Casing
Plug Cementing
Squeeze Cementing
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Float Shoe
Float Collar
Centralizer
Centralizer
Cementing Plug
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Multi-Stage Cementing
Prevent formation break down
Usually two-stage cementing
Additional Equipment:
Opening Plug (Bomb)
Multiple Stage Cementing Tool (DV Tool)
Closing Plug
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Multi-Stage Cementing
DV Tool
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Multi-Stage Cementing
Bomb
Closing Plug
22
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Wiper Plug
Float Shoe
Float Collar
24
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Plug Cementing
Open Hole & Cased Hole
Using DP or TBG
Well Abandonment
Zonal Isolation
Lost Circulation
Sidetracking
Formation Testing
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Squeeze Cementing
Plugging Abandoned CSG Perforations
Plugging Severe Lost-Circulation Zones
Repairing Annular Leaks in Previously Cemented
CSG
High Pressure Squeeze
Low Pressure Squeeze
Top of Liner (TOL)
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Hydraulics
Drilling Fluid Properties (PV, YP, GS,)
Drill Solids Less than 6%
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Casing centralization
Prevent Channeling
Prevent Sticking
Reduce Casing Wear
Excessive Drag
Wall Cleaners
Run CBL/VDL
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Floatation Collar
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