The Lufthansa Approach

to Ab Initio Training
Florian Hamm, CEO Lufthansa Flight Training
APATS, 8 September 2009, Hong Kong
1
by Lufthansa Flight Training

Agenda
>
>
>
>
>
>

Background to Lufthansas ab initio training

Concept development
MPL A Jet - Training programme
Synchronising with Lufthansa Flight Operations
Information technology
Conclusion

APATS, 8 September 2009

by Lufthansa Flight Training

Background to Lufthansas ab initio training

The history of ab initio training at Lufthansa

Classic
ab initio

1956

FUTURA

1987

MPL

2009

APATS, 8 September 2009

by Lufthansa Flight Training

Background to Lufthansas ab initio training

Starting point for introducing a new ab initio

training concept
>
>
>
>

ICAO Multi-Crew Pilot Licence (MPL)

Benchmarking study of training costs
Life-time limit of existing training aircraft PA 42
Fundamental policy of the Lufthansa Group:
to retain an ab initio training system with consistent pre-selection
to retain the Pilot School in Bremen / Phoenix, Arizona for Lufthansas
ab initio training
to retain 2003 training standards

Further development of the training system was necessary

APATS, 8 September 2009

by Lufthansa Flight Training

Concept development

Project organisation
>

Working group made up of representatives of:

>

Review Board:
Postholder Flight Operations Lufthansa German Airlines
Postholder Crew Training Lufthansa German Airlines
CEO Lufthansa Flight Training
Short and Medium-haul Fleet Manager Lufthansa German Airlines
Vice President Pilot Schools Bremen & Phoenix
Head of Controlling Operations Lufthansa German Airlines
Corporate Safety Pilot and Quality Manager Lufthansa German Airlines
Postholder Training SWISS

APATS, 8 September 2009

by Lufthansa Flight Training

Concept development

Targets and critical success factors

> Target:
To develop a new ab initio concept by 2008
> Critical success factors:
Training quality
Training costs
Instructor qualification
Compliance with basic legal requirements
(JAR, German law, European law)

APATS, 8 September 2009

by Lufthansa Flight Training

Concept development

Procedure
> Step 1: Training needs analysis
Deduce quality requirements

> Step 2: Compare the cost of alternatives that provide the same quality

APATS, 8 September 2009

by Lufthansa Flight Training

Concept development

Step 1: Training needs analysis

00:10

Introduction

Execution

Safety procedures
Checklist procedures
Jet aircraft handling
Situational awareness and decision making
Basic instruments procedures
Radio Nav procedures
Approach procedures
Airwork procedures
Aircraft handling
Visual circuit/approach
Leadership and teamwork using MCC
Workload management using MCC
Communication procedures using MCC
Touch and go
Auto flight procedures
Abnormal procedures
IFR enroute procedures
FMS
TCAS
EGPWS
ATC Environment
Basic RNAV procedures

Consolidation

75:00

T
2
1

I
1
1
3
0
2
2
4
2
2
4
6
6
6
6
7
5
5
5
5
2
25
8
107

C
2
2
29
32
30
26
16
3
18
0
17
17
17
12
18
9
15
12
5
0
8
10
298

E
35
35
6
6
6
9
18
3
18
0
15
15
15
1
6
6
12
15
0
0
0
15
236

T
2
2

T
2
3

T
2
4

T
2
5

T
2
6

T
2
7

T
2
8

T
2
9

T
2
10

T
2
11

T
2
12

T
2
13

T
2
14

T
2
15

T
2
16

T
2
17

T
2
18

T
2
19

T
2
20

T
2
21

T
2
22

T
2
23

T
2
24

T
2
25

T
2
26

02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00
02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00
75:00
11
12
14
13
13
14
17
17
17
17
19
18
18
18
17
18
17
17
18
19
18
18
18
18
18
17

I
I
I
C
I
I
I
I

C
C
I
C
I
I
I
I
I

C
C
C
C
C
I
I
C
C

E
E
C
C
C
C
I
E
C

E
E
C
C
C
C
C
E
C

E
E
C
C
C
C
C
E
C

E
E
C
C
C
C
C

E
E
C
C
C
C
C

E
E
C
C
C
C
C

E
E
C
C
C
C
C

E
E
C
C
C
C
C

E
E
C
C
C
C
C

E
E
C
C
C
C
C

E
E
C
C
C
C
C

E
E
C
C
C
C
C

E
E
C
C
C
C
E

E
E
C
C
C
C
E

E
E
C
C
C
C
E

E
E
C
C
C
C
E

E
E
C
C
C
C
E

E
E
C
C
C
C
E

E
E
C
C
C
C
E

E
E
C
C
C
C
E

E
E
C
C
C
C
E

E
E
C
C
C
E
E

E
E
C
C
C
E
E

I
I
I

I
I
I

I
I
I
I

I
I
I
I

I
I
I
I

I
I
I
I

C
C
C
C
I

C
C
C
C
I

C
C
C
C
C

C
C
C
C

E
E
E

E
E
E

E
E
E

E
E
E

E
E
E

E
E
E

E
E
E

E
E
E

E
E
E

E
E
E

E
E
E

I
I

I
I
I

C
C
C
E
I
I
C
C

C
C
C

I
I

C
C
C
C
I
I
C
C

C
C
C

I
I

C
C
C
C
I
I
I
I
I

I
I
C
C
I

I
I
C
C

C
C
C
E
I

C
C
C
E

C
C
C
E

C
C
E
E

C
C
E
E
C

C
C
E
E
C

C
C
E
E
C

C
C
E
E
C

E
E
E
E
C

E
E
E
E

I
I

I
I

I
I

I
I

I
I

I
I

I
I

I
C

I
C

I
E

I
E

I
E

I
I
E

C
C
E
E
I
I
I
E

I
E

I
E

I
E

I
E

I
E

I
E

I
I

APATS, 8 September 2009

by Lufthansa Flight Training

Concept development

Step 2: Cost comparison of alternatives

FCL
Location Segment
PHX
FCL
PHX
FCL
PHX
FCL
BRE
FCL
BRE
FCL
FRA
JO
FRA
TR
offen
TR

actual
A/C or FSTD
F 33
F 33 Solo
FNPT II single eng.
Sim PA 42
A/C PA 42
Simulator
Simulator
Flight training (ldgs)

5
Trnghrs
156:40
24:30
20:00
31:00
11:30
44:00
48:00
2 days

Location
PHX
PHX
PHX
BRE
BRE
FRA
FRA
offen

MPL
Segment
Core
Core
Core
Basic
Basic
Interm.
TR
TR

A Jet
A/C or FSTD
F 33
F 33 Solo
FNPT II single eng.
FNPT II MCC
A/C
Simulator NZFT
Simulator
Flight training (ldgs)

1
Trnghrs
82:10
17:50
28:30
60:00
15:00
32:00
42:00
2 days

Location
PHX
PHX
PHX
offen
offen
FRA
offen

MPL B trial
Segment A/C or FSTD
Core
F 33
Core
F 33 Solo
Core
FNPT II single eng.
Basic
Simulator
Interm.
Simulator
Advanced Simulator
TR
Flight training (ldgs)

8
Trnghrs
158:40
24:30
20:00
48:30
32:00
42:00
3 days

costs
risk capacity
risk Ldg Trng

FCL actual with replacement for

FCL actual with replacement for
PA 42 (Turboprop)
4
PA 42 (Piston Engine)
6
Location Segment A/C or FSTD
Trnghrs Location Segment A/C or FSTD
Trnghrs Location
PHX
FCL
F 33
158:40 PHX
FCL
F 33
158:40 PHX
PHX
FCL
F 33 Solo
24:30 PHX
FCL
F 33 Solo
24:30 PHX
PHX
FCL
FNPT II single eng.
20:00 PHX
FCL
FNPT II single eng.
20:00 PHX
BRE
FCL
Sim PA 42
37:00 PHX
FCL
FNPT II twin eng.
20:00 BRE
BRE
FCL
A/C PA 42
11:30 PHX
FCL
A/C PA 44
15:00 BRE
FRA
JO
Simulator
44:00 BRE
FCL
A/C PA 44
15:00 FRA
FRA
TR
Simulator
48:00 FRA
JO
Simulator
60:00 FRA
offen
TR
Flight training (ldgs) 2 days FRA
TR
Simulator
48:00 offen
offen
TR
Flight training (ldgs) 2 days

FCL Concept
costs

Location
PHX
PHX
PHX
BRE
BRE
FRA
FRA
offen

syllabus object.
FCL Concept
risk A/C
costs

MPL A (Turboprop)
3
Segment A/C or FSTD
Trnghrs Location
Core
F 33
82:10 PHX
Core
F 33 Solo
17:50 PHX
Core
FNPT II single eng.
28:30 PHX
Basic
FNPT II MCC
56:00 PHX
Basic
A/C
15:00 BRE
Interm. Simulator NZFT
44:00 BRE
TR
Simulator
48:00 FRA
TR
Flight training (ldgs) 2 days offen

syllabus object.
costs

FCL concept
costs

MPL A (PA 44)

2
Segment A/C or FSTD
Trnghrs Location
Core
F 33
65:00 PHX
Core
F 33 Solo
18:00 PHX
Core
FNPT II single eng.
45:00 PHX
Core
A/C PA 44
45:00 BRE
Basic
FNPT II MCC
22:30 FRA
Interm. Simulator
45:00 FRA
TR
Simulator
48:00 offen
TR
Flight training (ldgs) 3 days

syllabus object.
risks A/C
risks LdgTrng
costs

FCL new Jet

7
Segment A/C or FSTD
Trnghrs
FCL
F 33
141:30
FCL
F 33 Solo
24:10
FCL
FNPT II single eng. 20:50
FCL
FNPT II MCC
49:00
FCL
A/C
15:50
JO
Simulator
32:00
TR
Simulator
48:00
TR
Flight training (ldgs) 2 days

MPL B
0
Segment A/C or FSTD
Trnghrs
Core
F 33
82:10
Core
F 33 Solo
17:50
Core
FNPT II single eng. 28:30
Basic
FNPT II MCC
60:00
Interm.
Simulator NZFT
60:00
Advanced Simulator
42:00
TR
Flight training (ldgs) 3 days

risk concept MPL

risk Ldg Trng

APATS, 8 September 2009

by Lufthansa Flight Training

MPL A Jet: Training programme

MPL A Jet the most cost-efficient alternative

> Multi-Crew Pilot Licence Training:
Single-engine flight hours (F33) reduced by about 50%
Creditable synthetic training time (FSTD) increased by about 50%
Multi-engine flight hours increased by about 30%
Simulator hours during Jet Orientation and Type Rating cut by about 25%
> Training costs reduced by about 15% per student pilot
> PA 42 Cheyenne replaced by a high-performance aircraft

10

APATS, 8 September 2009

by Lufthansa Flight Training

MPL A Jet: Training programme

MPL: The legal basis

Phase of Training

Training Items

Flight and simulated flight training

media - Minimum level requirement

Advanced

Integrated Threat & Error Management Principles

Type rating training within

an airline oriented
environment

Intermediate
Application of multi-crew
operation in a high
performance multi-engine
turbine aeroplane

- CRM
- Landing training
- All weather
- LOFT
- Abnormal procedures
- Normal procedures

Aeroplane:
Turbine
Muli-engine
Multi-crew certified
FSTD:
Type IV

- CRM
- LOFT
- Abnormal procedures FSTD:
- Normal procedures
Type III
- Multi-crew
- Instrument flight

Basic

- CRM
Introduction of multi-crew - PF/PNF complement
operations and instrument - IFR Cross-country
flight
- Instrument flight

Specific basic single pilot

training

- CRM
- VFR Cross-country
- Solo flight
- Basic Instrument flight
- Principles of flight
- Cockpit procedures
- Upset recovery
- Night flight

training media

FSTD
(Flight Simulation Training

12 take-offs and
landings as PF

Devices)

TYPE IV
PF / PNF

PF / PNF

TYPE III
- CBT

Aeroplane:
Single or multi-engine
PF / PNF
FSTD:
Type II

Core flying skills

Ground

- E-learning
- Part task trainer
- classroom

TYPE II

Aeroplane:
Single or multi-engine
TYPE I
PF

Fully equivalent to a
level C & D Full
Flight Simulator
2 Pilot Muli-Engine
Turbine-powered
Aeroplane
w/enhanced daylight
visual and autopilot
capable of ATC,
Flight Guidance,
EFIS, FMS, and
TCAS
Generic Turbinepowered Aeroplane
or equivalent to FAA
FTD Level 5, or JAA
FNPT II, MCC
E-training and Parttask devices

FSTD:
Type I

Acc. AMC JAR FCL 1 Amd. 7

Training course shall initially include 70 hours of actual flying time.

11

APATS, 8 September 2009

by Lufthansa Flight Training

MPL A Jet: Training programme

Training in Bremen, Phoenix and Frankfurt

1.Theoretical
Training
Bremen

>

- approx. 11.5 months

- total teaching
units 1184

2.Flight Training >

Phoenix
(Core Phase 1-4)
- approx. 4 months
F33 FSTD and F33
A/C
- in total 114:30 flight
hours

3.Flight Training >

Bremen
(Basic Phase 1-3)
- approx. 3.5 months
CJ1+ FSTD and
CJ1+ A/C
- in total 75 flight hours

4.Flight Training
Frankfurt
(Intermediate and
Advanced Phase)
- approx. 3 months
B737 / A320 FSTD
B737 / A320 A/C
- in total 74 flight
hours

12

APATS, 8 September 2009

by Lufthansa Flight Training

1. Theoretical
Training
Bremen

MPL A Jet: Training programme

>

Theory Syllabus
Starter Course

48 TU*

Air Law (010)

130 TU

Aircraft General Knowledge (020)

021E
021T
022

312
98
106
108

Flight Performance and Planning (030)

031
032
033
Human Performance & Limitations (040)
Meteorology (050)

136
22
62
52

TU
TU
TU
TU
TU
TU
TU
TU

Navigation (060)
061
062

192 TU
108 TU
84 TU

Operational Procedures (070)

50 TU

Principles of Flight (080)

48 TU

Communications (090)

30 TU

FMS

16 TU

Total

1184 TU

88 TU
134 TU

*TU = teaching units

13

APATS, 8 September 2009

by Lufthansa Flight Training

MPL A Jet: Training programme

1. Theoretical
Training
Bremen

>

Reorganisation of theory

5 Training Phases

14 JAR-FCL Examination Subjects

Interdisciplinary

Starter Course

2
3

Ground Instruction of LH Student Pilots

4
5

Interdisciplinary Course FMS

> Matrix organisation

examination subjects, interdisciplinary courses
phases
14

APATS, 8 September 2009

by Lufthansa Flight Training

MPL A Jet: Training programme

2. Flight Training
Phoenix
(Core Phase 1-4)

Core Phase
> Training aircraft:
Beechcraft Bonanza F33
Beechcraft Bonanza F33C (upset recovery)
> Flight simulation training device:
Type specific FNPT II
(Beechcraft Bonanza F33)
> Phases:
in total:
Core 1:
Airwork / pattern up to first solo:
Core 2:
Airwork / pattern / cross country
up to first solo X/C:
Core 3:
Airwork / pattern / cross country /
night flying / upset:
Core 4:
Basis instruments / IF procedures:

114:30 hrs
28:55 hrs
34:45 hrs
28:20 hrs
22:30 hrs

15

APATS, 8 September 2009

by Lufthansa Flight Training

MPL A Jet: Training programme

3. Flight Training
Bremen
(Basic Phase 1-3)

Basic Phase
> Training aircraft:
Cessna Citation CJ1+

> Equipment:
Third crew seat (unique feature)
Collins Pro Line 21
Collins FMS 3000
Dual VHF 4000e
TCAS II
EGPWS Mark V
> Phases:
in total:
Basic 1:
Normal / IF procedures STD:
Basic 2:
Abnormal procedures / LOFT STD:
Basic 3:
Approaches / LOFT Aircraft:

75:00 hrs
36:00 hrs

24:00 hrs
15:00 hrs

16

APATS, 8 September 2009

by Lufthansa Flight Training

MPL A Jet: Training programme

3. Flight Training
Bremen
(Basic Phase 1-3)

Basic Phase
> Flight simulation training device:
Type specific FNPT II / MCC and FTD 2
(Cessna Citation CJ1+)
> Features:
IOS with two 17 touchscreens
Collins Pro Line 21 / FMS 3000
TCAS II scenarios
EGPWS scenarios
Wind shear scenarios
WX radar
T/O plot
10 airports in visual DB / all others generic
2 cameras for MCC training

17

APATS, 8 September 2009

by Lufthansa Flight Training

MPL A Jet: Training programme

4. Flight Training >

Frankfurt
(Intermediate and
Advanced Phase)

Intermediate and Advanced Phase

Jet Orientation

- 32:00 hrs

>

Type Rating

>

- 42:00 hrs

18

APATS, 8 September 2009

by Lufthansa Flight Training

Synchronising with Lufthansa Flight Operations

Synchronising with Lufthansa Flight Operations

> Definition of Lufthansa-specific requirements
> Review of all materials in terms of relevance to flight training
> Targets
Updating of content identified as both safety-related and practice-relevant by
training captains and flight instructors
Editing of LFT and LH content, working in close collaboration
> Review of all learning targets by A320 and B737 training captains as well as by
flight instructors from Bremen and Phoenix, Arizona

19

APATS, 8 September 2009

by Lufthansa Flight Training

Information technology

Reorganisation Information Technology

> The switch to a new training concept
was used as an opportunity to
reorganise IT:
Administration was simplified
through
- online access to
performance data
at various locations
- central data management
to verify performance
A grading system was integrated
into the administrative software
to enable individual performance
tracking

20

APATS, 8 September 2009

by Lufthansa Flight Training

Thank you for your attention!

21

APATS, 8 September 2009

by Lufthansa Flight Training

Background to Lufthansas ab initio training

The classic ab initio concept

> Single Pilot Concept

> Completed flight hours suffice as proof of
competency
> No / little use of synthetic training devices
> Late introduction to CCC/MCC

22

APATS, 8 September 2009

by Lufthansa Flight Training

Background to Lufthansas ab initio training

The FUTURA concept

> Single pilot concept

> Completed flight hours suffice as proof of
competence
> Use of synthetic training device up to the
simulator (PA42)
> Use of more complex aircraft (PA42)
> Early introduction to CCC/MCC

23

APATS, 8 September 2009

by Lufthansa Flight Training

Background to Lufthansas ab initio training

Multi-Crew Pilot Licence

>
>
>
>
>

Single pilot concept only in the first phase of training

Competence-based training
Synthetic training devices used in all phases of the training
Very early introduction to MCC
Teaching of Threat and Error Management (TEM)

> At LH: Use of jets in Basic Phase of training

24

APATS, 8 September 2009

by Lufthansa Flight Training

MPL A Jet: Training programme

MPL A Jet the cost-efficient alternative

> Multi-Crew Pilot Licence training:
Single-engine flight hours (F33) reduced by about 50%
(158:40 to 82:30)
Creditable synthetic training time (FSTD) increased by about 50%
(154:30 to 222:30)
Multi-engine flight hours increased by about 30% (10:00 to 15:00)
Simulator hours during Jet Orientation and Type Rating reduced by about
25% (92:00 to 74:00)
> Training costs reduced by about 15% per student
> PA 42 Cheyenne replaced by a high-performance aircraft

25

APATS, 8 September 2009

by Lufthansa Flight Training

Conclusion

Experience to date
> Costs have remained within budget
> Results of theory examination on a par with previous results
> As yet there has been no need to adjust the concept

26

APATS, 8 September 2009

by Lufthansa Flight Training