INTEGRATED SENSING SYSTEMS AND

ALGORITHMS FOR SOLID WASTE BIN

STATE MANAGEMENT AUTOMATION
By
SMITA KUMARI(1171210258)
JIDEV RANJITH(1171210252)
NITISH DAS(1171210240)
ANUBHAV SAJEEV(1171210231)
Under the guidance of
(MRS.INDIRANI)

Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering

Faculty of Engineering and Technology
SRM University

ABSTRACT
Intelligent solid waste bin is essential to develop an
efficient and dynamic waste management system. This
research presents the implementation and execution of
an integrated sensing system and algorithm for solid
waste bin to automate the solid waste management
process. Several sensing methods have been
integrated and have combined their verdicts that offer
the detection of bin condition and its parameter
measurement. A number of test runs have been
conducted to assess the functioning of the prototype
system. The outcomes showed that the sensing system
with the algorithm is efficient and intelligent and can
be simply used to automate any solid waste bin
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management process.

INTRODUCTION
*AN INTELLIGENT solid waste bin operates to ensure the
efficient measurement of its status while consuming
minimum energy. At present, major cities around the
world require challenging solutions for solid waste
management (SWM), as a result of growth in
residential areas and the economy.
*SWM is a costly urban service that consumes around
20% - 50% of municipalitys annual budget in
developing countries. Furthermore, 85% of solid waste
management funds are spent on waste collection and
transportation [1]. It becomes an excessive wastage of
resources when bins are collected that are filled up
partially.
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*In waste collection and carrying activities, the

operational cost can be reduced by optimizing the
quantity and deployment of collection bins and their
collection rate.
*Estimating the status with waste level and weight of
waste inside bins help to optimize collection routes and
improve collection efficiency.

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REQUIREMENTS

HARDWARE =>Raspberry Pi
IOT and LCD Display
Weight ,Gas and Level Sensors

SOFTWARE => Linux and Python

LITERATURE SURVEY
*A SWM system having static scheduling and routing to
collect waste demands more operating costs, longer
hauling distances and increased labor hours compared
to a system with dynamic scheduling and routing
attitude [5][7]. In [5] and [6], the authors calculated
a potential cost savings of 10-20% and transport
mileage savings of 26% when dynamic scheduling and
routing were used.
*For a truly dynamic and automaticsystem, it is
important to know the current and actual fill level of a
bin rather than a prediction relays on historical fill level
data.
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*So, to implement a SWM system with dynamic

scheduling and routing for waste collection, it is very
useful and important to get real time data about the bin
status.
*Several researches have been done over the last few
decades concerning solid waste monitoring and
management. But a few of them dealt with real time
bin status data with a motive to implement dynamic
scheduling and routing approach for an automatic solid
waste management system.

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SMART BIN DIAGRAM

BLOCK DIAGRAM

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THE SENSING ELEMENTS

Lid Status Sensing-The functional structure of the lid status sensing

system is implemented for tracking the initialization of waste loading
and unloading event and perceiving the overflow status of the bin as
shown in Fig. 1(a). Accelerometer sensor data are accumulated to
provide the drift and its direction to identify the opening/closing of
the lid. The magnetic proximity sensor reports whether the lid closed
properly or not by using a reed switch and a permanent magnet. The
switch can change its state due to magnetization or biasing caused
by the magnet when a conductor attached in the lid enters into the
magnetic field mounted in the upper edge of the bin.
Waste Filling Level Sensing-The sensing of waste filling level inside
a bin is based on the measurement of the time-of-flight i.e. the
complete return trip time, an ultrasonic pulse takes to transmit and
receive its reflected echo between the sensor and the sensed
material level.
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Weight Sensing-The weight estimation of the waste inside a bin

is based on the principle of an electrical conductor whose
resistance changes when its length changes due to stress and it
is virtually proportional to the applied strain as shown in Fig. 1(b).
A Wheatstone Bridge Network is built by using at least four strain
gauges with four separate resistors. Waste inside the bin causes
a variation in value of one or more resistors due to the generated
strain from the metallic member that contains the strain gauges.
Thus, the bridge output voltage is changed with this variation in
resistance that is proportional to the weight of the waste

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IOT-INTERNET OF THINGS

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IOT-INTERNET OF THINGS

The Internet of Things (IoT) is the network of physical objectsdevices,

vehicles, buildings and other items which are embedded withelectronics,
software, sensors, and network connectivity, which enables these objects to
collect and exchange data.The Internet of Things allows objects to be sensed
and controlled remotely across existing network infrastructure,creating
opportunities for more direct integration of the physical world into computerbased systems, and resulting in improved efficiency, accuracy and economic
benefit when IoT is augmented with sensors and actuators, the technology
becomes an instance of the more general class of cyber-physical systems,
which also encompasses technologies such as smart grids, smart homes,
intelligent transportation and smart cities. Each thing is uniquely identifiable
through its embedded computing system but is able to interoperate within the
existing Internet infrastructure.

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SMART BIN PROTOTYPE

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TABLE FOR LITERATURE SURVEY

15

GRAPH

16

WORK PLAN
Sl.No Activities

% of
Contribution

Survey 5

Start Date End Date

Status

15 oct

Done

Literature

Product
designing

15

4.01.16 14.1.16

Done

Hardware
assembling

25

11.2.16 26.2.16

Ongoing

Software testing 25

1.03.16 25.3.16

Pending

Hardware
caliberation and
testing

30

27.3.16 15.4.16

Pending

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15 dec

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BUDGET

Accelerometer Sensor -> 1055/Weight Sensor -> 1599/Level Sensor -> 1299/Raspberry Pi -> 3599/IOT -> 2500 - 4000/Total -> 9000/- to 11,000/- (approx.)

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REFERENECES

[1] P. H. Brunner and J. Fellner, Setting priorities for waste

management strategies in developing countries, Waste Manage.
Res., vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 234240, Jun. 2007.
[2] T. Kulcar, Optimizing solid waste collection in Brussels, Eur.
J. Oper. Res., vol. 90, no. 1, pp. 7177, 1996.
[3] M. Faccio, A. Persona, and G. Zanin, Waste collection multi
objective model with real time traceability data, Waste Manage.,
vol. 31, no. 12, pp. 23912405, 2011.
[4] L. A. Guerrero, G. Maas, and W. Hogland, Solid waste
management challenges for cities in developing countries, Waste
Manage., vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 220232, 2013.
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THANK YOU

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