Fluid Power Systems (ME353)

Fall 2012
Lecture 7

Connections of Hydraulic Motors

Hydraulic motors may be incorporated into
circuits using series or parallel connections
Series circuits: total system pressure is determined
by adding the loads placed on each unit
Parallel circuits: each motor receives full system
pressure; loads must be matched or equal flow
supplied to each motor if constant speed is desired
from each unit

 Motors in series
Same flow rate for each motor.

 Motors in parallel
Different flow rate for each motor

 Motors in parallel with flow control

Different flow rate for each motor with flow control valve
for each one.

Braking circuits for Hydraulic Motors

Braking circuits are used to slow hydraulic motors to a stop
Inertia of a heavy rotating load can continue to turn the motor shaft
Braking occurs when fluid discharged from the motor outlet port is
forced to pass through an adjustable pressure control valve before
returning to the reservoir

Open-Loop and Closed-Loop Hydraulic

Motor Systems
An open-loop hydraulic motor system uses a layout typical of a basic
hydraulic system
Pump moves fluid from a reservoir, through a directional control valve,
to the motor
Fluid is then returned from the motor to the reservoir through the same
control valve
Closed-loop hydraulic motor systems continuously circulate fluid between
the pump and the motor without returning it to a system reservoir
These systems use a replenishment circuit to replace fluid lost through
leakage

 Open circuit design

 Replenishment circuit

Hydrostatic Drives
Hydrostatic drive systems consist of the basic components typically found in
other hydraulic motor circuits
When compared to conventional transmissions, hydrostatic drives:
Have a high power outputtosize ratio
May be stalled under full load with no internal damage
Accurately maintain speed under varying load conditions
Provide an almost infinite number of input/output speed ratios

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 Hydrostatic drives provide effective transmission of power and allow easy

adjustment and control of:
Output shaft speed
Torque
Horsepower
Direction of rotation
Hydrostatic drives may be open or closed circuits
Open circuit has the layout of a basic hydraulic motor circuit
Closed circuit has the outlet of the pump directly connected to the inlet
of the motor and the outlet of the motor directly connected to the inlet of
the pump

 Open circuit design

 Closed circuit design

 Four combinations of pump/motor arrangements can be used

Fixed-displacement pump and motor
(Maximum horsepower, torque, and output shaft speed are fixed)
Fixed-displacement pump and variable-displacement motor
(Maximum horsepower is fixed, Torque and speed are variable)
Variable-displacement pump and fixed-displacement motor
( Horsepower and output shaft speed are variable, Torque output is fixed)
Variable-displacement pump and motor
(Horsepower, torque, output shaft speed are variable)

Hydrostatic drives are typically considered hydrostatic

transmissions when both the pump and motor have variable
displacement
This combination allows manual or automatic control of torque,
speed, and power output