FACULTY OF BUILT ENVIRONMENT

SBEQ 2842
ENGINEERING SURVEY PRACTICAL REPORT

LECTURER NAME:
EN SHAHARUDDIN BIN MOHD SAID

Name

Matric No.

1. GOH CHIEN YEE

A14BE0026

2. HII PING PING

A14BE0030

3. KHO MIN FUNG

A14BE0037

4. FATIN NOR AZURA BINTI ABDUL RAZAK

A14BE0024

5. MUHAMMAD HAKIMI BIN FADZIL

A14BE0074

6. MUHAMAD FIKRI BIN MOHD YUSOFF

A14BE0067

MEMBERS OF THE GROUP:

Goh Chien Yee

Fatin Nor Azura Binti Abdul Razak

Muhammad Hakimi Bin Fadzil

Hii Ping Ping

Kho Min Fung

Muhamad Fikri Bin Mohd Yusoff

3

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

In an effort to carry out this practical exercise, we would like to thanks our lecturer of subject
Engineering Survey, Mr. Shaharuddin Bin Mohd Said who conduct this practical exercise. He had
given us a lot of information and knowledge that we need to know in order to carry out this practical
exercise successful and fulfil the requirement of becoming as a good quantity surveyor in future.

Besides that, we would like to thank our parents because they had contributed finance and
morally support to us. We also would like to give our humble gratitude to our seniors and friends, they
help us with a lot of suggestions and advices.

Gratitude also goes to the many members of the group gave their cooperation in carrying out
this practical work. While we are working in hot weather, cooperation given by all members of the
group really let us complete the work quickly and successfully.

We also want to thank those involved directly or indirectly in the making of this practical
exercise. Thank you.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

MEMBERS OF THE GROUP:.......................................................................................................................

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT..............................................................................................................................

TABLE OF CONTENTS...............................................................................................................................

TABLE OF FIGURES..................................................................................................................................
INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................................
2.0

OBJECTIVE OF LEVELLING

3.0

THE PURPOSE OF LEVELLING

4.0

INSTRUMENT USED IN LEVELLING ACTIVITY 1

a.

Topcon Automatic Level 1

b.

Levelling Staff 1

c.

Levelling Staff Bubble 2

d.

Tripod 2

e.

Measuring Tape 2

f.

Safety Vest

g.

Levelling Book 2

5.0

RESEARCH AREA / SITE

6.0

METHOD OF WORK FOR LEVELLING

OVERALL ANALYSIS................................................................................................................................
7.0

PROBLEM FACED WHILE FIELDWORK OF LEVELLING

8.0

SOLUTIONS OF THE PROBLEM FACED

9.0

BOOKING METHOD 4

10.0

CONCLUSION6

Website...................................................................................................................................................
6

Books.....................................................................................................................................................

TABLE OF FIGURES

FIGURE 1 TOPCON AUTOMATIC LEVEL............................................................................................................................

FIGURE 2 LEVELLING STAFF AND VIEW OF LEVELLING STAFF FROM THE TOPCON AUTOMATIC LEVEL ..........................................

FIGURE 4 LEVELLING STAFF BUBBLE..............................................................................................................................

FIGURE 5 TRIPOD STAND..............................................................................................................................................

FIGURE 6 MEASURING TAPE.........................................................................................................................................

FIGURE 7 SAMPLE OF SAFETY VEST...............................................................................................................................

FIGURE 8 SAMPLE OF LEVEL BOOK.................................................................................................................................

FIGURE 9 ROUTE OF LEVELLING FIELDWORK...................................................................................................................

6.0

INTRODUCTION

This report discusses the practical levelling which was conducted in UTM. Levelling is one of the topic in engineering survey.
The main objective of this practical is to expose students on the levelling work and calculation. It also for students to understand the
concepts and methods to measure the height from one point to another point on the surface of earth. As a quantity surveying student,
levelling is important for initial stages to costing the building.
1.0 DEFINITION OF LEVELLING
Levelling is a branch of surveying which deals with the measurement of relative heights of different point on, above or below the
surface of earth. Levelling includes relative position of point in vertical plane. The principle of levelling is to obtain horizontal line sight
with respect to which vertical distances of the points above or below this line of sight are found.
2.0

OBJECTIVE OF LEVELLING

The objective of levelling being conducted is:

1. To help the surveyor or cartographer to make contour maps of the land sea surface by determine the benchmark.
2. To help pipe transport engineers to ensure appropriate slope of the land that will allow smooth movement of the liquid in the
transit.
3. To help contractors to lay a level ground on which they can erect the building.
4. For the hydrography purpose
While for the objective for this field work to be carry out is for students of Quantity Surveying and Construction Science to learn
calculate the difference of height between two locations in UTM campus. This fieldwork allowed student to understand the function,
method on handling different instruments and gain the experience of taking the reading of levelling staff through the Topcon Automatic
level.
3.0

THE PURPOSE OF LEVELLING

i.

Obtain the difference in height between two points in the surface of earth

ii.

Establish bench mark and temporary bench mark for a construction project

iii.

To establish the depth of excavation for foundation or piling

iv.

Mapping the lines of contour for a given construction area

v.

Marking slope of land for specific purposes such as reclamation and drainage

4.0

INSTRUMENT USED IN LEVELLING ACTIVITY

a. Topcon Automatic Level

Figure 1 Topcon Automatic Level

This instruments function is to read the value of the staff at the point of measurement. The distance of the staff and automatic level must
be reasonable which is cannot below 5 meter or more than 30 meter because it will be difficult to get the reading of the staff.
STEP TO USE THIS INSTRUMENT:
Step 1: Set up instrument

The automatic level must be horizontal and will be set up above the tripod. First, adjust the height of the tripod until it is suitable for the
person who will read the value of the staff. Make sure the Topcon Automatic level is parallel with the eye level of the person.
Step 2: Attach the automatic level to the tripod
Attach the instrument to the tripod using the screw and adjust the bubble on automatic level until the bubble in the centre.
Step 3: Using staff
After the automatic level is in a good position, then ask your companion to hold the staff at the point of measurement. Then you can read
the value of the staff using the automatic level.
b. Levelling Staff

Figure 2 Levelling staff and view of levelling staff from the Topcon Automatic Level

It is used to measure the height of the land with the automatic level. It can be lengthen if the land is steep so the value of this staff can be
read. The view above is from the automatic level and we can conclude that the read of the staff is 14.22.
c.

Levelling Staff Bubble

Figure 3 Levelling Staff Bubble

The use of the staff bubble is to make sure that the levelling staff is upright. It will be used by people who will holding the levelling staff.
The bubble must be in centre to show that the levelling staff is straight.
d.

Tripod

Figure 4 Tripod stand

The function of tripod is act as the foundation of the automatic level. It must be set up to the eye level of the people who take the reading.
e.

Measuring Tape

Figure 5 Measuring Tape

The measuring tapes is used to measure the distance between automatic level and the levelling staff. The automatic level must be in
centre between back staff and front staff so the reading of levelling will be more accurate.

f.

Safety Vest

Figure 6 Sample of Safety Vest

This is used when the levelling activity is being conduct to make sure our safety because this activity normally being conduct in a
dangerous place like beside the road to get notice of driver of vehicles. It is important to wear the jacket with translucent colour like
orange and green.
g.

Levelling Book

Figure 7 Sample of level book

The book is used to record the reading and calculate the reduced level. The calculation can be done by rise and fall method and Height of
collimation method. Then reading of every set up have to record it in here. The intermediate sight reading also must be record in this
book.
5.0

RESEARCH AREA / SITE

As shown in the figure, the levelling fieldwork for Group 2

(Great Wall) was started from Bench mark block C02 to Bench
mark helipad and back. At first, levelling point is being set up all
along the Jalan Ihsan until come to the T-junction. Then, the
levelling point is being set to the direction of Jalan Taqwa which
was the sloping area. When come to the junction of helipad, point
was being set up to the direction of bench mark at the helipad.
Figure 8 Route of Levelling fieldwork

7.0

METHOD OF WORK FOR LEVELLING

The method we used for levelling is rise and fall method. The basic principle of rise and fall method is to find the separation of level lines
passing through a point of known elevation Base Mark (B.M.) and that through an unknown point (whose elevation is required to be
determined). Staff readings provide information regarding relative rise and fall of terrain points.
At the beginning of work, we start our set up from B.M. at C02 Blocks, FGHT. Topcon automatic level and tripod was installed
approximately 25m from the base mark. The reduced level value was obtained from the laboratory of measurement is 31.561m. The
levelling work was performed starting from C02 to the Helipad and return again to C02, Faculty of Geomantic & Land Property.
All the distance between staff and the equipment setup for the both way, the reading of back sight and fore sight obtained during
the levelling work was recorded in the book of fieldwork. The distance of the both staff should be equal from automatic level device
which about is 20m to 30m for flat or slightly sloping and 10m to 15m for the sloping land measured by using the measuring tape.
The levelling work should begin and end at the point of bench mark. Therefore, the final station was the bench mark of C02. The
reduced level of real correction was obtained. The right value of the difference approximately [20total distance (km)]

10

OVERALL ANALYSIS
8.0
PROBLEM FACED WHILE FIELDWORK OF LEVELLING
The main problem faced during the fieldwork is difficult in finding a flat area to place the levelling instrument. The bubble moved
when we change from location to location. It takes time to adjust the bubble for every setup. So, this delayed our levelling process.
Next, it is difficult to stay the bubble at the centre of the staff bubble. If the person hold the staff is not stable, the bubble inside
the staff bubble will moved and cause the reading inaccurate. It required long time to adjust the bubble into the centre of the staff bubble.
Besides, the hot weather make us to feel uncomfortable to continue our works. During the hot weather condition, the reading of
the levelling instrument is difficult to take because the view cannot be concentrated and is not clear. Thus, it required long time for our
group members to confirm the actual reading of the levelling process.
Then, the obstacle during levelling work also caused a big problem for us. When we were in levelling process, the obstacles such
as trees, cars and building will caused us difficult in taking the reading. Besides, the surface of the ground also not fully flat, so we were
difficult to set our levelling instrument in a suitable location.
9.0

SOLUTIONS OF THE PROBLEM FACED

To stand the levelling instrument in a suitable position, we set the levelling instruments on the flat and hard surface. This is
because the flat and hard surface help us to make sure the bubble of the levelling instrument stay in centre. Thus, the more accurate and
correct reading can be taken.
Next, we make sure our group member is hold the staff and staff bubble vertically at each location of point. This is help to ensure
the stability of the staff. The group member will ensure the bubble of the staff bubble is stay at the centre of the red circle. Thus, the
reading taken by others group member is more correct and accurate.
Other than that, during hot weather condition, we make sure our group member is holding the staff by using both hand to stable
the staff. So, the staff is avoid from moving and this help to ensure the reading taken by others group members is more correct and
accurate.
Besides, to ensure the reading of the staff is more accurate and correct, the distance of the levelling instrument and the staff is
between 5 meter and 30 meter. For sloping area, a shorter distance had been taken. For flat surface area, the maximum distance is 30
meter. So, the suitable distance can ensure the reading of the staff is more accurate and easy to take.

10.0 BOOKING METHOD

First Time of levelling practical exercise
Venue: From Bench Mark C02 to Bench Mark helipad and back to Bench Mark C02
Date: 8 March 2016
Group 2: Great Wall of China
Time: 8.00am 12.45am

BS

IS

FS

RISE

FALL

0.908
1.430

1.320
1.39
5

0.169

0.035
1.245

1.48

-0.412

HOC
32.46
9
32.57
9

0.150

31.50
3
-1.311

REDUCED
LEVEL
31.561

CORRECTI
ON

31.149

Table below show that data which

booking by rise and fall method
which carry out at 8 March 2016
(First time) in area of UTM which
from Bench Mark (BM) near to
building C02 to Bench Mark (BM)
helipad.

REDUCED LEVEL
FINAL
31.561

DISTANCE

-0.003

31.146

D-20M , B-20M

31.184

-0.006

31.178

31.334

-0.006

31.328

30.023

-0.009

30.014

B-20M

NOTE

Bench Mark

Beside corr
D-10M , B-10M

Beside sma
11

0
1.630

1.945
1.36
0
1.69
1
1.07
0

2.060

-0.465

-0.009

29.549

29.828

-0.012

29.816

Drainag

29.497

-0.012

29.485

30.118

-0.012

30.106

Blind corn
mirror
Street lam

30.42

-0.012

30.408

31.15

-0.015

31.135

31.808

-0.015

31.793

D-15M , B-15M

33.801

-0.018

33.783

D-20M , B-20M

34.027

-0.021

34.006

D-20M , B-20M

34.243

-0.024

34.219

D-18M , B-25M

34.153

-0.027

34.126

34.238

-0.027

34.211

33.546

-0.030

33.516

34.246

-0.030

34.216

33.586

-0.030

33.556

-1.024

32.562

-0.033

32.529

-0.094

32.468

-0.033

32.435

31.541

-0.033

31.508

D-15M , B-15M

29.901

-0.036

29.865

D-15M , B-15M

29.556

-0.039

29.517

D-25M ,B-30M

31.193

-0.042

31.151

D-20M ,B-20M

31.193

-0.045

31.148

D-25M , B-25M

31.613

-0.048

31.565

D-10M

CORRECT
ION

REDUCED LEVEL
FINAL

-0.331
0.621

1.33
0

0.302

32.48
0

0.730

2.299

0.672

0.658

1.175

0.306

1.993

1.471

0.949

0.226

1.250

1.255

0.216

1.34
0

34.10
7
34.97
6
35.49
8
35.49
3
-0.090

1.255
1.96
5
1.26
5

0.314

29.558

0.270

0.768

1.273

0.085

35.51
1
-0.692

0.700
1.925

-0.660

1.33
8
1.43
2
0.480

2.359

-0.927

1.074

2.120

-1.640

3.042

1.419

-0.345

1.460

1.405

1.637

1.520

1.460

0.000

=21.5
55

1.100
=21.5
03

0.420
=8.0
43

BS

IS

31.18
8

FS

RISE

33.90
0

32.02
1
30.97
5
32.59
8
32.65
3
32.71
3

FALL
HOC

32.6
61

1.605

-0.400
1.520

1.29
8
1.901

-0.020

32.7
46

0.307
0.860

2.03
0

D-16M , B-18M

Beside tre

Tree near
library
D-29M ,B-29M

Guard Rail

D-19M , B-19M

Bench Mark

=7.9
91

1.100
1.50
0

D-19M , B-19M

0.438

33.7
87
-0.129

0.355

2.165

-0.135

0.927

1.690

-1.335

31.9
77
31.2
14

REDUCED
LEVEL

31.561

31.561

31.161

-0.0003

31.161

31.141

-0.0003

31.141

31.448

-0.0006

31.447

31.886

-0.0006

31.885

31.757

-0.0009

31.756

31.622

-0.0009

31.621

30.287

-0.0012

30.286

DISTANCE

B-20M

NOTE

Bench Mark

Undergrou
Drainage
D-20M , B25M

Beside Pavil
D-25M , B16M

Street Lam
D-16M , B11M
D-11M , B17M
12

1.385

1.232

1.858

1.042

0.343

1.875

0.891

0.967

2.010

0.705

1.170

1.982

0.591

1.419

1.27
5
1.285

-0.305

29.982

-0.0015

29.981

30.325

-0.0018

30.323

31.292

-0.0021

31.290

32.462

-0.0024

32.460

33.881

-0.0027

33.878

34.588

-0.0030

34.585

34.634

-0.0030

34.631

34.684

-0.0033

34.681

34.819

-0.0033

34.816

34.807

-0.0036

34.803

34.69

-0.0039

34.686

33.71

-0.0042

33.706

32.3

-0.0045

32.296

31.057

-0.0048

31.052

-0.472

30.585

-0.0051

30.580

-0.238

30.347

-0.0051

30.342

30.345

-0.0051

30.340

30.343

-0.0054

30.338

31.343

-0.0057

31.337

32.116

-0.0060

32.110

31.800

-0.0063

31.794

31.462

-0.0063

31.456

-0.151

31.311

-0.0066

31.304

Street Lam

-0.039

31.272

-0.0066

31.265

Beside Pavil

31.249

-0.0066

31.242

31.569

-0.0069

31.561

0.707
1.229

1.23
5

0.046

35.9
19

0.050

1.161

1.100

1.279

1.173

-0.012

1.040

1.396

-0.117

0.668

2.020

-0.980

0.692

2.078

-1.410

0.590

1.935

-1.243

0.135

1.06
2
1.30
0
1.347

1.302

-0.002

2.440

1.349

-0.002

1.962

1.440

1.000

0.856

1.189

0.773

1.17
2
1.139

31.3
67
32.1
83
33.1
67
34.4
72
35.8
63

35.9
80
36.0
86
35.7
30
34.3
78
32.9
92
31.6
47

31.6
92
32.7
83
33.3
05
32.9
72

-0.316
1.510

-0.338

1.29
0
1.32
9
1.322

1.352

=30.7
79

1.002
=30.7
71

-0.023
0.320
=7.6
75

32.6
01

32.5
71

D-17M
10M
D-10M
10M
D-10M
12M
D-12M
10M
D-10M
15M

, B, B, B, B, B-

Beside flower
D-15M , B24M

Beside Cat
Basin
D-25M
25M
D-25M
14M
D-14M
11M
D-11M
10M
D-10M
10M
D-10M
20M

, B, B, B, B, B, B-

Beside th
staircase
Beside the w
pipe
D-20M
10M
D-10M
20M
D-20M
10M
D-10M
14M

, B, B, B, B-

Electric
Distribution B
D-14M , B16M

D-16M , B16M
D-16M

=7.6
67

Second Time of levelling practical exercise

Venue: From Bench Mark C02 to Bench Mark helipad and back to Bench Mark C02
Date: 15 March 2016
Group 2: Great Wall of China

Table below show that data which

booking by rise and fall method which
carry out at 15 March 2016 (Second
time) in area of UTM which from Bench
Mark (BM) near to building C02 to
Bench Mark (BM) helipad.

Time: 8.00am 12.45am

13

11.0

CONCLUSION
In order to complete this practical exercise, we have done it for twice and come to

successful in the second time. In the first time, we have lack of experience and make a lot
of mistake like levelling staff is not being hold truly vertical. In the second time, we
avoid all the mistake that we made before. In addition, we also need to thank Mr
Shaharuddin bin Mohd Said and other assistants who have help us during the fieldwork.
While carrying out this practical exercise, we face many challenges such as the weather is
too hot, tired, many obstacle like the cars which are travel in the road and so on.
However, all this not hampers us completed this task.

REFERENCE
Website
Mohd Fadzil Bin Abdul Hanid (2013), Bab 11: Subtopik: Ukur Aras, access on 15 March
2016,http://fadzilmahasiswa.blogspot.my/2013/07/bab-11-subtopik-peralatan-dalamukur.html
Justin Farrow (2011), Back to Surveying Accuracy Discussions, Access on 16 March
2016,
http://landsurveyorsunited.com/group/surveyingaccuracy/forum/topics/differentialleveling-overview
Sean R Milligan

(2002),

Levelling

tutorials, Access

on 16 March

2016,

http://www.levelling.uhi.ac.uk/
Iit Roorkee (2009), Lesson 13 Levelling Principle, Methods and Differential Levelling,
Access on 16 March 2016, http://www.nptel.ac.in/courses/105107122/13
Books
S.S. Bhavikatti (2008), Volume 1: Surveying and Levelling, I.K. International Publishing
House Pvt. Ltd, New Dehli.
Russell Charles Brinker & Roy Minnick (2003), Second Edition: The Surveying
Handbook, Kluwer Academic Publishers, USA.
Mohd Zulkifli Hj. Mohd Yunus & mohd razali Mahmud (1997), Ukur Kejuruteraan
Lanjutan: Masalah & Penyelesaian, Penerbitan UTM, Johor.

 Kamaruzaman Abd. Rasid, Anuar Ahmad & Shahidah Mohd Ariff (1993), Edisi Kedua:

Ilmu Ukur Untuk Jurutera, Unit Penerbitan Akademik UTM, Johor