Chapter 3: Dynamic Analysis

Part 1: General
Part 2: Earthquake/1D
Part 3: Earthquake/nD

Part 1: General
Contents:

1D mathematical spring model

3D example #1

Undamped free response for SDOF systems

If you displace mass m a distance u from equilibrium
position and release it, vibration occurs

1D mathematical spring model

1D mathematical spring model:

Free body versus kinetic diagrams

1D mathematical spring model:

Equilibrium equation

u
F (t ) Ku m 2
t
2
u
m 2 Ku F (t )
t
2

1D mathematical spring model:

free response

d 2u
m 2 ku 0
dt
2

d u k
u0
2
dt
m
d 2u
2

nu 0
2
dt
n2 k / m

u A sin n t B cos nt
A and B are found from
initial conditions

Undamped free response for SDOF systems:

n =natural circular frequency of vibration

Tn = natural period of vibration

fn =1/Tn= natural cyclic frequency of vibration
in hertz (cycles per second)

Undamped Forced Vibrations

F (t ) P sin t
..

m u ku P sin t
P 1
u C cos t D sin nt
sin t
k 1 ( )2
n
1
1
DMF

2
n 2
1 ( ) 1 ( )
n

The ratio

If ratio response is zero, high frequency loading is

not felt, or flexible structure!

If ratio

1 response resonance loading

If ratio 0 static response, low frequency loading or rigid

structure

3D example #1
RC flat plate structure shown next page
No superimposed loads
E=20GPa, =0.2, =2.5t/m3
Force 16KN applied in y-direction (weak direction)

Modal Analysis
participation
direction

Modal mass
particip. ratio

period

Mode
number

Uy

1.046

Ux

0.53

Rz

0.41

Uz

0.95

0.05

1-D Analogy for 3-D model

3
(0.2)(0.1)
KY 4*12 EI / L3 4*12*(2*107 )
/(3)3
12
KY 592 KN / m

M 4* 4*0.4* 2.5 0.2*0.1*3* 2.5* 4 / 2 16.3ton

2 592 /16.3 36.3,
T 2 / sec

Dynamic Analysis
1.
2.

Do static solution (u=0.0272m) + Modal analysis

(fundamental period 1.046sec)
Use sine function (20 cycles) with periods 0.1, 0.5,
1, 5 and 50 seconds

Period
(sec)

0.1

0.5

50

Displ.
mm

2.85

24.6

588

34.1

27.8

Part 2: Earthquakes
Understand 1D first
Go from 1D to nD

1D analysis
Ground acceleration

1D analysis
Derivation of equations

..

m u k (u u g )
u

..
*

u u g ,u
..
*

..

m (u u
..
*

m u ku

..

u u

) ku
*

..
g

..

m u

F (t )

1D analysis
Conclusions
Ground acceleration is the same as forces applied to the structure
(ignoring the sign).
To verify the result resolve previous example with ground
acceleration 1m/sec2 in the y-direction (equivalent to 16KN force):
Use sine function (20 cycles) with periods 0.1, 0.5, 1, 5 and 50
seconds

3D example # 2

RC flat plate structure shown next page

Circular columns 50cm diameter.
No superimposed loads
E=25GPa, =0.2, =2.5t/m3
Find column reaction in x-direction if:

1. structure is subjected to earthquake acceleration

0.3g in x-direction:
Sinusoidal with period: 0.026, 0.26, 2.6sec
2. structure is subjected to Elcentro earthquake
3. structure is subjected to response spectrum twice
0.3g

3D example # 2 :
Modal analysis
participation
direction

Modal mass
particip. ratio

period

Mode
number

Ux

0.266

Uy

0.266

Rz

0.172

Uz

0.80

0.153

3D example # 2 :
Solution
1. structure is subjected to earthquake acceleration 0.3g in

x-direction:
Uniform for 1-sec: Rx=79.2KN
Sinusoidal with period: 0.026, Rx=6.23KN (almost zero
for short periods)
0.26, Rx=1597KN (resonance)
2.6sec, Rx=45KN (almost static for long periods)
2. structure is subjected to Elcentro earthquake, Rx=113KN
3. structure is subjected to response spectrum twice 0.3g:
Rx=71KN

Homework # 5

RC flat plate structure: slab 50cm thickness,

columns 20cmX60cm
No superimposed loads
E=25GPa, =0.2, =2.5t/m3
Find displacement of first floor if structure is
subjected to uniform earthquake acceleration 0.3g
in y-direction

Homework # 5
Modal Analysis
participation
direction

Modal mass
particip. ratio

period

Mode
number

Uy

0.9379

Rz

0.356

Ux

0.333

Uz

0.83

0.042

Homework # 5
Modeling as SDOF

M (12*12*.5 16*3*0.6*.2)*2.5 194.4t

12* EI
KY 16* 3 8888KN / m
L
TY 2 M / K 0.93sec
Homework: do analogical solutions for modes 2-4

Homework # 5
1D analogy
Uy=0.131m SAP

F 194.4*0.3*9.8* 2
u
0.129m
K
8888
F
194.4
2 t
u (1 cos t )
(1 cos
)
K
8888
0.94
t 0.95 u 0
t 0.47 u 0.133