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Tishreen University Journal for Research and Scientific Studies - Engineering Sciences Series Vol. (30) No. (2) 2008

VHDL-AMS

2008

Multimedia Systems

CAD
CAD
VHDL-AMS

VHDL-AMS

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VHDL-AMS

Tishreen University Journal for Research and Scientific Studies - Engineering Sciences Series Vol. (30) No. (2) 2008

Optical Receiver Modeling by using VHDL-AMS

Dr. Hasan Albustani*
Dr. Ali Ahmad **
Rehaab Habeeb***

(Received 26 / 3 / 2008. Accepted 4 / 5 / 2008)

ABSTRACT
Multimedia applications require high-speed networks which enable transferring a
large amount of information in a very short time. Optical communications provide an
important contribution to this field. A large amount of information can be transferred in a
very short time, ensuring a large bandwidth Electronic devices used in transmitting and
receiving circuits of optical communication play great roles in
ensuring speed
responsiveness, low noise, and low cost. A computer-aided design of optoelectronics is not
yet mature as digital and analog CAD. In this research, we present a contribution to
modeling an optical receiver which can be used in CAD tools in order to design and
analyze optoelectronic applications. As is the case in our study, we use VHDL-AMS for
modeling multidiscipline systems for optical and electrical signals.
Keywords: Optoelectronic, modeling, simulation, CAD of optoelectronic, operational
amplifier modeling, optical receivers, and VHDL-AMS

Assistant Professor, Department of Communication and Electronics, Faculty of Mechanical and

Electrical Engineering, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.
** Associate Professor, Department of Communication and Electronics, Faculty of Mechanical and
Electrical Engineering, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.
***Postgraduate Student, Department of Communication and Electronics, Faculty of Mechanical and
Electrical Engineering, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

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[1] Differential and Algebraic Equations /DAEs/

Simulation

Physical
systems

Modeling

Abstract
form
Model

Simulation

Characteristics
System

VHDL-AMS

CAD

VHDL-AMS

Process Engineering

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VHDL-AMS

VHDL-AMS
SystemVision
www.mentor.com/systemvision Mentor Graphics

VHDL-AMS

VHDL-AMS

VHDL-AMS
[2, 3] VHD-AMS

(Very High Speed Integrated Circuit /VHSIC/ Hardware Description Language for
Analog and Mixed-Signal Systems)
VHDL

VHDL-

Mixed-Signal Systems

Analog Systems
AMS
VHDL-AMS

VHDLMulti-

Differential and Algebraic Equations /DAEs/

Conserved System Energy

AMS
technology Modeling
VHDL-AMS

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thermal

mechanical
Quantity
across
through

Free Quantities
through

Domain
Electrical
Thermal
Mechanical (linear)
Mechanical
(rotational)
Magnetical
Hydraulical

across

ACROSS
Voltage (V)
Temperature (C )
Position (m)
Angle velocity (rad/s)

THROUGH
Current (A)
Power (W)
Force (N)
Torque (N*m)

Magnetic Force (n*A)

Pressure (Pa)

Flux (Wb)
Fluidic flow (1/s)
VHDL-AMS

Multi-Domain Modeling

Mixed-Signal Modeling
[4, 5] Mechatronics Systems

P-N

[6]
Depletion Region

b
P

valance band

P
conductance band

. (c)
electron hole pair

P-N
h hv Eg

v
drift current

d
e

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VHDL-AMS

[6] P-N

R
[7]

Ip = RPin
Responsivity

Quantum efficiency

electron generation rate

I /q
h
P

R
photon incident rate
Pin / h
q
q

h
1 . 24

where

[13]

c
v

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[8,9] Tansimpedance Amplifier

[10,13]
Bandwidth
Z=Vo/Ii
Rf

CinA

Cdiode

Cnext

CoutA

Diode Detector

Vo
light
Iph
Optical Fiber
Transimedance
Amplifier (TIA)
Vbias

Rf

Vout

CinA

Cdiode

CoutA

Cnext

[9]
v
Z cl out
idiode

1 s(

( R f RoutA ).C inT

A1

R
A
R f outA
A1
A1
R f .C inT . RoutA .C outT
RoutA .C outT

) s2
A1
A1

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VHDL-AMS

Z cl

vout

idiode

Rf
1 s(

( R f .C inT
A

R f .C inT . RoutA .C outT

RoutA .C outT
) s2
A
A1

CinT = Cdiode +CinA

Z cl

v out

idiode

CoutT = CoutA + Cnext

Rf
1 s(

( R f .C inT
A

BW transAmp

) (1 s . RoutA .C outT )

1 A
Rf .(C diode C inA )

Operational Amplifier Modeling

ADC and DAC
k

Vk = Vj

il

+
ikj

ikj = 0

A
ikj

il = arbitrary

Infinite open loop gain and bandwidth

Infinite common mode rejection ratio (CMRR)

Zero output resistance

Infinite input resistance

output resistance rout

Voffset = 0

input offset voltage voff

difference input resistance rin

cutoff frequency for transfer function fg1 and fg2

1
H ( s)

A
(1 s 1 )(1 s 2 )

1
2f g1

1
2f g 2

[11]
.

A v in v outp

dv out
d 2 v out
( 1 2 )
1 2
dt
dt 2

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iin = vin / rin

0 v out

vin = vinp vinn

dv out
d 2 v out
( 1 2 )
1 2
k (v in v off ) rout ioutp
dt
dt 2
VHDL-AMS

library IEEE_proposed;
use IEEE_proposed.electrical_systems.all;
use ieee.math_real.all;
entity opamp is
generic (f1 : real := 1.0;-- First pole
f2 : real := 2.0e6;-- Second pole
A : real := 1.8e6);-- Open loop gain
port (terminal inp : electrical;
terminal inm : electrical;
terminal output : electrical;
terminal Vss, Vdd : electrical);
end entity opamp;
architecture simple1 of opamp is
constant t1 : real := 1.0 / (f1*math_2_pi);
constant t2 : real := 1.0 / (f2*math_2_pi);
quantity vin across inp to inm;
quantity vout across iout through output to ref;
begin
vin == (t1*t2)*vout'dot'dot/A + (t1+t2)*vout'dot/A + vout/A;
end architecture simple1;
Testbench and simulation results

library IEEE_proposed;
use IEEE_proposed.electrical_systems.all;
use ieee.math_real.all;
entity filter is
end entity filter;
architecture bhv of filter is
quantity VD across ID through vout;
begin
source: Vsource (simple)
generic map (dc_value := 1);
port map (node1, electrical_ref);
resisitor1: resistor (ideal)
generic map (res:= 10000);

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VHDL-AMS

port map (node1, node2);

resisitor2: resistor (ideal)
generic map (res:= 10000); port map (node1, inN);
capacitor1 : capacitor (ideal)
generic map (cap :=113.0p, v_ic:-0.0); port map (node2, out);
capacitor2 : capacitor (ideal)
generic map (cap :=56.3p, v_ic:-0.0); port map (inP, electrical_ref);
OpAmp: opamo (simple1)
generic map (f1 := 1.0, f2 := 2.0e6, A := 1.8e6); port map (inP, inN, out,
vss, vdd);
end architecture bhv;

Iph

Structural Model

[12]
Idark
CD

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Tishreen University Journal. Eng. Sciences Series

reverse-biased capacitance
zero-bias

Cjo

CD

C jo
1

built-in voltage
Leakage

[11] SPICE

vR

vR junction capacitance

RD
RS

Resistance

library ieee;
use ieee.math_real.all;
library ieee_proposed;
use ieee_proposed.energy_systems.all;
use ieee_proposed.electrical_systems.all;
entity photo_diode is
generic (CD : real := 1.0*PICO; -- diffusion capacitance
RLEAK : real := 1.0*MEGA; -- leakage resistance
RESPONSIVITY: real := 0.13; -- diode responsivity
IDARK0 : real := 1.0*NANO; -- dark current at nominal temp);
port (quantity ilight : in real;
terminal tan, tca: electrical);
end entity photo_diode;
architecture bhv of photo_diode is
quantity vd across id through tan to tca;
quantity idark, ip, ic, ir: real;
begin
ir == vd/RLEAK;
idark == IDARK0;
ic == CD*vd'dot;
ip == - RESPONSIVITY *ilight;
id == idark + ip + ic + ir;
end architecture bhv;

Idark

RS Itotal

Iph
CD

RD

Vo

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VHDL-AMS

testbench

library IEEE_proposed;
use IEEE_proposed.electrical_systems.all;
use ieee.math_real.all;
entity optical_Receiver is
Vb
RL
end entity optical_Receiver;
architecture optical_network of optical_receiver is
quantity VD acroos ID through node1 to node2;
signal ilight : real:=0.001;
begin
source: Vsource (simple) generic map (dc_value := -20);
port map (node1, electrical_ref);
photpdiode: photo_diode (bhv)
generic map (CD := 1.0*PICO, RLEAK := 1.0*MEGA, RESPONSIVITY:= 0.13;
IDARK0 := 1.0*NANO); port map (ilight, node2, node1);
resisitorRL: resistor (ideal)
generic map (res:= 1000); port map
(node2, electrical_ref);
ID == RESPONSIVITY * ilight;
end architecture optical_network;
Itotal-Vo
V-I

SystemVision
Electronic Workbench MuliSim

VD (V)

-14.0

-12.0

-10.0

-8.0

-6.0

-4.0

-2.0

0.0
0.0

Pin = 0 w
-5.0
-10.0
Pin = 30w
-15.0
-20.0

Pin = 50w

ID (A)
P-N

V-Itotal

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library IEEE_proposed;
use IEEE_proposed.electrical_systems.all;
Rf
Diode Detector
use ieee.math_real.all;
Vo
light
entity optical_Receiver2 is
I
end entity optical_Receiver2;
architecture optical_network2 of optical_receiver2 is
quantity VD acroos ID through vout;
Vbias
signal ilight : real:=0.001;
begin
source: Vsource (simple)
generic map (dc_value := -20);
port map (inP, electrical_ref);
photpdiode: photo_diode (bhv)
generic map (CD := 1.0*PICO, RLEAK := 1.0*MEGA, RESPONSIVITY:= 0.13;
IDARK0 := 1.0*NANO);
port map (ilight, inN, electrical_ref);
resisitorRL: resistor (ideal)
generic map (res:= 1000); port map (inN, out);
OpAmp: opamo (simple1)
generic map (f1 := 1.0, f2 := 2.0e6, A := 1.8e6);
port map (inP, inN, out, vss, vdd);
ID == RESPONSIVITY * ilight;
end architecture optical_network2;
ph

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VHDL-AMS

SystemVision
1500

30 quantities
quantities

LED

MOSFET

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LAW, A. M.; KELTON, W.D., "Simulation Modeling Analysis," 3rd Ed. McGrawHill, 2000, 1-8.
2ASHENDEN, P. J.; PETERSON G.; TEEGARDEN, D. "The System Design's
Guide to VHDL-AMS," Morgen Kaufman Publishers, 2004.
3HERV, H., "VHDL-AMS: Anwendungen und industrieller Einsatz," Oldenbourg
Verlag, 2006.
4MENOR GRAPHICS, "Fundamentals of VHDL-AMS for Automotive Electrical
Systems," www.mentor.com, 11-16.
5COOPER, S., "How to Model Mechatronic Systems Using VHDL-AMS,"
SystemVision Technology Series. www.mentor.com.
6ROGERS, A., "Understanding Optical Fiber Communication," Artech House,
2001,109-125.
7KASAP, S.O., " Optoelectronics and Photonics: Principles and Practices,"
Prentice-Hall, 2001, 217-254.
8MORIKUNI, J.; KANG,S.M., "Computer-Aided Design of Optoelectronic
Integrated Circuits and Systems," Prentice-Hall, 1994, 95-103.
9INGLES, M.; STEYAET, M., "Integrated CMOS Circuit for Optical
Communication." Springer Verlage, 2004, 13-40.
10R. JAEGER and T. BLALOCK, "Microelectronic Circuit Design," McGraw-Hill,
2008, 1068-1100.
11COOPER, R. S., "The Designers Guide to Analog & Mixed-Signal Modeling
Illustrated with VHDL-AMS and MAST," 2004 Synopsys,
12PCHEUX, F.; LALLEMENT, C. "VHDL-AMS and Verilog-AMS as Alternative
Hardware Description Languages for Efficient Modeling of Multi-Discipline Systems,"
IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design Of Integrated Circuits and Systems,
Vol. 24, No. 2, February 2005.
1-

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