03 04 Composition Production of Paint-OvR+MvdG 2012 (Compat

Training Center
AkzoNobel Aerospace Coatings
Composition of Paint
Content of presentation
1. Introduction
2. Resin
3. Pigments and fillers
4. Solvents
5. Additives
2012 AkzoNobel NV. All rights reserved.
Aerospace Coatings | Composition & Production of Paint
1. Introduction
Definition of paint:
a material used for decorating or protecting a surface in a
thin surface film, originating from a mixture consisting of a
solid pigment suspended in a liquid, that when applied to a
surface dries to form a hard coating
1. Introduction
Reasons for painting:
Decoration and Identity
Protection
Special Purposes:
Non Slip
Abrasion Resistance
Conductive
Camouflage
1. Introduction
Paint formulation = Finding a balance
2. Resin - Introduction
The resin or binder of the paint is the material that holds the
composition together and gives it most of its characteristics:
adhesion, water resistance, chemical resistance etc.
The resin is the backbone of the paint system!
Various drying mechanisms:
Physical drying
Chemical curing (cross-linking); conventional vs. high solid
Drying of WB coatings; coalescence
2. Resin - Physical drying

Most simple film formation process:
After application of the wet paint, the solvent evaporates into
the air and the non-volatile content remains (resin,
pigments/fillers and additives)
Reversible process. Solvents can dissolve the dry paint film
again
Does not require a hardener for drying. Not much use in
Aerospace due to relatively weak properties and/or high
VOC requirement
2. Resin - Physical drying
Solvent
evaporates
Solvent
Resin and Pigments
Resin and Pigments

remain
Wet stage
Dry stage
Reversible
2. Resin - Chemical cure

The film formation is based on a chemical reaction.
The binders (molecules) will react (cross-link) to a
three dimensional network
Chemical reaction depends upon temperature
Requires mixing a basepaint with a hardener, with a
limited working time the potlife
Irreversible. Solvents cannot easily dissolve the dry
paint film again
Epoxy - Amine paints, Polyurethane paints

Backbone polymer
Base Polymer
Reactive groups
Hardener molecule
10
Chemical
reaction
Chemical
reaction
Chemical
reaction
3D
network
11

High solid versus conventional:
Solvent
60-65%
35-40%
Solid content
35-40%
Conventional product
(Binder &
pigments)
60-65%
High solid product

12

reducing molecular weight
A Component
B Component
lower viscosity, less solvent
3D Cross-linked network
More reactive groups;

higher reactivity required
Conventional product
High solids product
13
2. Resin - Drying of WB coatings

Known as dispersion, emulsion or latex paints
Binder is not dissolved in solvents but dispersed as
small spheres in water
Water evaporates and spheres come together
Finally the spheres flow together (coalescence)
Can be combined with chemical curing resins
Waterborne products, e.g. Aerofine and Aerowave
Series
14
1. Application
2. Evaporation water
5. Paint film
3. Phase inversion
4. Coalescence
15

350 g/L
650 g/L
100 g/L
220 g/L according ASTM D-3960
(exempt water)
Conventional
High Solids
Waterborne
16
3. Pigments;Introduction
Pigments and fillers are particulate
materials which do not dissolve in
the resin and/or the solvent
Various pigment types:
In-organic and organic pigments
Corrosion inhibiting pigments
Special pigments (metallic & mica)
Fillers
17
3. Pigments; In-organic / organic

In-organic pigments:
White pigments (titaniumdioxide,
oxide-red, etc.)
Good hiding power, good thermal
resistance
Organic pigments:
Hansa yellow, toluidine-red, etc.
High colour power, good chemical
resistance
18
3. Pigments; Corrosion inhibition
Aluminum +
Water
+ Ion (salt) +
Oxygen
Corrosion
Corrosion inhibiting pigments perform both active as passive

corrosion protection of the metal substrate
Passive inhibition: close the surface against corrosive
influences by application of thick layer, e.g. tar.
Active inhibition: actively slow down or inhibit corrosion,
e.g. chromate pigments.
19
3. Pigments; Corrosion inhibition
Aerospace industry: Active corrosion inhibition
Cr6+
Finish
Primer
Surface treatment (e.g. CAA)
Aluminum metal microstructure
20
3. Pigments; Special pigments / fillers

Special pigments create a visual effect on the dry paint film
Metallic/ mica pigments
Interference pigments
Fillers are added to the paint for e.g. good sandability of
primers, reducing dry film weight
Talc, silica, etc
21
4. Solvents; Introduction
Solvents are the liquid carrier for the paint ingredients
and make the paint applicable by spraying or brushing
Temporary function; the solvents will evaporate
Various types: water, aliphatic hydrocarbons, aromatic
hydrocarbons, alcohols, ketones, esters
Reduction of organic solvent level desirable from health,
safety and environmental perspective
22
4. Solvents; Parameters
Evaporation rate
Flashpoint (oC)
(Ether = 1)
Butyl acetate
13
27
Toluene
6.1
Xylene
13.5
26
Ethanol
8.3
12
MEK
3.3
-4
23
5. Additives; Introduction
Additives are materials added in small quantities to the
paint to ease the paint production or improve application
or dry film properties
Types of additives:
Catalysts for curing
reactions
Dispersing agents
Surfactant
Foam control agents
Flow aids
Biocides
Hindered amine light
stabilisers (HALS)
UV absorbers
Adhesion promoters
Matting agents
24
Summary
Binders or resin
Pigments and fillers
Solvents
Additives
25
Composition of Paint
Thank you for your attention
Training Center
AkzoNobel Aerospace Coatings
Production of Paint
Aim
To separate pigment agglomerates (as supplied) into
stabilized primary pigment particles
Pigment agglomerate
Primary pigment particles
Appearance in paint film
28
Phase I - Pre-mix stage

1. Addition of pigments
2. Dispersion
Resin+solvent
3. Stabilizing with additive
4. No stabilization
Stabilized pigment
particles
Non-stabilized pigment
particles
29
Phase I - Milling stage

The pigment agglomerates are further broken
under high shear by means of hard, abrasion
resistant milling beads
topcoat
primer
Pigment
agglomerate
Primary pigment
particles
Agitated milling beads

creating high shear forces
30
High
Speed
Disperser
Milling stage
Pre-mix stage
Phase I - Production dispersion
31
Phase II - Let down to standard color

The Primer- or topcoat dispersion (highly concentrated, high viscosity) is
let down to a finished product with a lower viscosity
Additives
Solvent
Resin
Pigment dispersion
32
2. Overview production
Phase I:
Production
dispersion
Automotive
Car Refinishes
Phase II:
Production
(standard) paint
OEM
Aerospace
Primer
Finish
Pre-mix
Pre-mix
Milling
Milling
Let-down
Let-down
QC Tinter
Phase III:
Production
customer colour
Colour making
QC & filling
QC & filling
33
Phase III - Colour making

Product line; different standard colors (tinters)
Customer colour
Colour making process
34
Quality control & Filling

Each batch of wet paint is tested (Quality Control) by
AkzoNobel Aerospace Coatings on several properties:
Fineness, density, solid content, viscosity, drying times, etc.
Dry film properties according to customers specification:

Adhesion (initial, 14 days water immersion), flexibility
Scratch resistance (initial, after 14 days immersion in water
or hydraulic fluid)
Etc.
The final stage in the paint production process is Filling:

The product is filtered before filling
Cans or barrels are filled and labelled (batch number)
Product is stored in the distribution centre
35
Factory Tour
Safety Rules:
No smoking
No electronic devices
Leave mobile phones, cameras etc in meeting room
Meeting room will be locked
Wear safety glasses where required
Wear orange jacket for visibility
Stay together and stay with your guide
Do not touch equipment or open tanks
Keep your distance from tanks and machinery
Watch out for forklifts, they have right of way / priority

03 04 Composition Production of Paint-OvR+MvdG 2012 (Compat

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Training Center

AkzoNobel Aerospace Coatings

2012 AkzoNobel NV. All rights reserved.

Aerospace Coatings | Composition & Production of Paint

2012 AkzoNobel NV. All rights reserved.

Aerospace Coatings | Composition & Production of Paint

2012 AkzoNobel NV. All rights reserved.

Aerospace Coatings | Composition & Production of Paint

Paint formulation = Finding a balance

2012 AkzoNobel NV. All rights reserved.

Aerospace Coatings | Composition & Production of Paint

2012 AkzoNobel NV. All rights reserved.

Aerospace Coatings | Composition & Production of Paint

2. Resin - Physical drying

2012 AkzoNobel NV. All rights reserved.

Aerospace Coatings | Composition & Production of Paint

2. Resin - Physical drying

Resin and Pigments

2012 AkzoNobel NV. All rights reserved.

Aerospace Coatings | Composition & Production of Paint

2. Resin - Chemical cure

2012 AkzoNobel NV. All rights reserved.

Aerospace Coatings | Composition & Production of Paint

2. Resin - Chemical cure

2012 AkzoNobel NV. All rights reserved.

Aerospace Coatings | Composition & Production of Paint

2. Resin - Chemical cure

Aerospace Coatings | Composition & Production of Paint

2. Resin - Chemical cure

High solid product

2. Resin - Chemical cure

lower viscosity, less solvent

More reactive groups;

High solids product

2012 AkzoNobel NV. All rights reserved.

Aerospace Coatings | Composition & Production of Paint

2. Resin - Drying of WB coatings

2012 AkzoNobel NV. All rights reserved.

Aerospace Coatings | Composition & Production of Paint

2. Resin - Drying of WB coatings

2012 AkzoNobel NV. All rights reserved.

Aerospace Coatings | Composition & Production of Paint

2. Resin - Drying of WB coatings

2012 AkzoNobel NV. All rights reserved.

2012 AkzoNobel NV. All rights reserved.

Aerospace Coatings | Composition & Production of Paint

3. Pigments; In-organic / organic

2012 AkzoNobel NV. All rights reserved.

Aerospace Coatings | Composition & Production of Paint

3. Pigments; Corrosion inhibition

Corrosion inhibiting pigments perform both active as passive

2012 AkzoNobel NV. All rights reserved.

Aerospace Coatings | Composition & Production of Paint

3. Pigments; Corrosion inhibition

Aerospace industry: Active corrosion inhibition

2012 AkzoNobel NV. All rights reserved.

Aerospace Coatings | Composition & Production of Paint

3. Pigments; Special pigments / fillers

2012 AkzoNobel NV. All rights reserved.

Aerospace Coatings | Composition & Production of Paint

2012 AkzoNobel NV. All rights reserved.

Aerospace Coatings | Composition & Production of Paint