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La Innovacin no Aparece
por Arte de Magia
43 Architecture for Service Innovation:
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Qu es la Innovacin?
Innovacin es una de las palabras ms utilizadas en la
actualidad puesto que est de moda y es muy atractiva.
En una bsqueda rpida en Google, la palabra innovacin
tiene cerca de 500 millones de resultados. El trmino
innovacin viene de la palabra latina innovare, que
significa cambiar o renovar. Como tal, en un sentido
amplio, la palabra innovacin puede implicar que
cualquier cambio es una innovacin lo cual conlleva a
que el trmino signifique diferentes cosas para diversas
personas y empresas. Hoy en da no hay un punto de
vista nico acerca de la innovacin.
Foto: www.atleventsgroup.com
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What is Innovation?
Innovation is one of the most commonly used words
nowadays it is a buzzword and a very catchy one a
quick Google search for the word innovation returns about
half a billion results. Innovation comes from the Latin word
innovare, which stands for change or renew. As such,
broadly defined, the word innovation may imply that any
change is an innovation which leads to the term meaning
different things to different people and businesses. Today
there is no one single view on innovation.
Most of the existing businesses say they got innovation;
even more than that, if asked, companies will most
commonly answer that they are into disruptive innovation;
furthermore, the corporate world seems to have understood
the importance of counting with innovation teams and
innovation strategies, and even with chief innovation
officers - the truth is everybody wants innovation, but not
everybody has it.
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Services
Services have been traditionally defined not as what they
are but what they are not: not tangible, not storable,
not transportable, and not repeatable, among others.
Furthermore, services have their own life cycle, which
broadly stated, comprise of four main stages: (a)
Introduction stage; (b) Growth stage; (c) Maturity stage;
and (d) Decline or innovation stage. Knowing exactly in
which stage of its life cycle a service is will be extremely
useful in deciding the innovation efforts the company may
need to put forward in order for the service to survive on
the market.
Different Paths to Innovation
If we have a look at the existing literature, most of the
authors defined innovation on a dichotomous scale.
Porter, for example, talked about continuous and
discontinuous technological changes changes that
alter the industry structure and create the potential
for competitive advantage and innovation. Tushman
and Anderson, on the other hand, made a distinction
between incremental and breakthrough technological
innovations their hypothesis is that technology experiences
incremental changes, which are being enhanced, every
now and then by breakthroughs that either enhance or
destroy the competence of firms in an industry. Abernathy
and Clark advanced their own theory and differentiated
between conservative and radical innovations and
proposed that it is the latter type that destabilizes existing
structures. And the innovation guru Christensen coined
the difference between sustaining and disruptive
innovations, referring to the latter one as a process by
which new markets are created by means of discovering
new categories of customers, at the bottom of a market
the product or service offered then moves up the market
to eventually displace well-established competitors.
But even with so many various views on what innovation
means, they all seem to put forward few common ideas:
Firstly, innovation either builds upon existing know-know
and resources within the company or it will require new
knowledge and resources.
Secondly, innovation may involve either modest
technological changes or large technological
developments (in the former case, the existing services
on the market will remain competitive, while in the
latter case, they will become non-competitive, and of
course, in time, out-dated).
Thirdly, innovation may follow a top-down approach or
a bottom-up approach (wherein the initiative to innovate
comes from the top of the organization and from the
lower-level employees or even consumers, respectively).
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Zones of Innovation
The proposed architecture is composed of four zones of
innovation, which are classified based on the three principal
components (axes) along the four categories for each axis.
This yields a 43 architecture of service innovation.
All of the existing innovations can fall into one of these four
zones of innovation or, more precisely, into a combination
of blocks from these zones. No company can survive by
pursuing innovation in a single zone; hence, it is best to
have a portfolio of blocks of defined zones as a strategy to
sustain on the market.
The Dark Innovation Zone is the zone of the no needs and
is fundamentally one which every company should avoid. As
the consumer has no needs, any attempt of the company to
innovate, at any given level of efficiency and effectiveness,
will prove to be a waste of time and resources.
The next two zones are the zones of the known needs
of and by the consumers. Nevertheless, while the Intended
Innovation Zone tackles the true, basic needs of the
consumer, the Extended Innovation Zone deals with the
extended, higher-level needs of the consumer. Although
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It is to be noted that
a fifth zone may also
arise when the company
develops the capability to
anticipate the future needs
of the consumer. The success
of the innovation effort would,
of course, depend not only on
the correct prediction of the future
needs, but also on the capacity of the
company to tailor a service that would
meet the future demand both efficiently and
effectively. This is the Extraordinary Excellence
Innovation Zone.
Foto: www.crowcanyon.com
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