Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Contents
1.
Introduction............................................................................................................................................1
2.
References........................................................................................................................................2
Terminology.....................................................................................................................................3
3.
4.
DTX..................................................................................................................................................6
5.
Noise Suppression...................................................................................................................................8
6.
Link Adaptation....................................................................................................................................10
6.1
Setup Procedure..............................................................................................................................10
6.1.1
Definition of the AMR Active Codec Set...............................................................................11
6.1.2
Default AMR Configuration...................................................................................................12
6.1.3
AMR Configuration Order Link Information Element..........................................................12
6.1.4
Initial Codec Mode Selection at Call Setup and Handover....................................................13
6.1.5
Definition of Codec Mode Command/Request Decision Thresholds....................................13
6.2
Inband Signaling.............................................................................................................................15
6.3
Out-of-Band Signaling...................................................................................................................16
6.3.1
Inband Signaling During DTX...............................................................................................16
6.3.2
AMR Configuration Using FACCH.......................................................................................16
6.4
Codec Mode Adaptation.................................................................................................................16
6.4.1
Channel Quality Measure.......................................................................................................16
6.4.2
Generation of Codec Mode Commands and Requests...........................................................17
6.4.3
Reference C/(I+N) Performance.............................................................................................17
6.4.4
Performance Requirements....................................................................................................18
6.5
Transmitter/Receiver Inband Channel Synchronization.................................................................19
7.
8.
Channel Coding....................................................................................................................................23
8.1
Definitions of Terms, Nomenclature and Assumptions..................................................................24
8.2
Overview........................................................................................................................................24
8.3
Interleaving Options.......................................................................................................................25
8.4
Subjective Ordering........................................................................................................................26
8.5
Channel Coding Mobile Station..................................................................................................27
8.5.1
Speech Data Classes...............................................................................................................28
8.5.2
Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC)..........................................................................................29
8.5.3
Convolutional Encoding.........................................................................................................29
TIA/EIA-136-440
8.5.4
Channel Encoding for the Inband Channel............................................................................39
8.5.5
Merging of Data Blocks.........................................................................................................39
8.5.6
Puncturing and Mapping to 8PSK Symbols...........................................................................40
8.5.7
Interleaving.............................................................................................................................40
8.5.8
Mapping to Time Slots...........................................................................................................41
8.6
Channel Coding Base Station......................................................................................................41
8.6.1
Speech Data Classes...............................................................................................................43
8.6.2
Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC)..........................................................................................43
8.6.3
Convolutional Encoding.........................................................................................................44
8.6.4
Channel Encoding for the Inband Channel............................................................................52
8.6.5
Merging of Data Blocks.........................................................................................................52
8.6.6
Puncturing and Mapping to 8PSK Symbols...........................................................................54
8.6.7
Interleaving.............................................................................................................................54
8.6.8
Mapping to Time Slots...........................................................................................................54
9.
ii
TIA/EIA-136-440
Tables
Table 1.
Table 2.
Table 3.
Table 4.
Table 5.
Table 6.
Table 7.
Table 8.
Table 9.
Table 10.
Table 11.
Table 12.
Table 13.
Table 14.
Table 15.
Table 16.
Table 17.
Table 18.
Table 19.
Table 20.
Table 21.
Table 22.
Table 23.
Table 24.
Table 25.
Table 26.
Table 27.
Table 28.
Table 29.
Table 30.
Table 31.
Table 32.
Table 33.
Table 34.
Table 35.
Table 36.
Table 37.
Table 38.
Table 39.
Table 40.
Table 41.
iii
TIA/EIA-136-440
Table 42.
Table 43.
Table 44.
Table 45.
Table 46.
Table 47.
Table 48.
Table 49.
Table 50.
Table 51.
Table 52.
Table 53.
Table 54.
Table 55.
Puncturing and Mapping for MR122FRDL with 2-slot and 3-slot Interleaving........................91
Puncturing and Mapping for MR102FRDL with 2-slot and 3-slot Interleaving........................93
Puncturing and Mapping for MR795FRDL with 2-slot and 3-slot Interleaving........................95
Puncturing and Mapping for MR74FRDL with 2-slot and 3-slot Interleaving..........................97
Puncturing and Mapping for MR67FRDL with 2-slot and 3-slot Interleaving..........................99
Puncturing and Mapping for MR59FRDL with 2-slot and 3-slot Interleaving........................101
Puncturing and Mapping for MR515FRDL with 2-slot and 3-slot Interleaving......................103
Puncturing and Mapping for MR475FRDL with 2-slot and 3-slot Interleaving......................105
Puncturing and Mapping for MR795HRDL with 3-slot Interleaving......................................107
Puncturing and Mapping for MR74HRDL with 3-slot Interleaving........................................108
Puncturing and Mapping for MR67HRDL with 3-slot Interleaving........................................109
Puncturing and Mapping for MR59HRDL with 3-slot Interleaving........................................110
Puncturing and Mapping for MR515HRDL with 3-slot Interleaving......................................111
Puncturing and Mapping for MR475HRDL with 3-slot Interleaving......................................112
iv
TIA/EIA-136-440
Figures
Figure 1.
Figure 2.
Figure 3.
Figure 4.
Figure 5.
Figure 6.
Figure 7.
TIA/EIA-136-440
1.
Introduction
This document provides a description of the AMR speech service, including speech
coding, channel coding and link adaptation.
GSM references in this specification are specific, in the sense that they refer to release
and version numbers. If there are future changes that require changes to the channel
coding or other parts, this specification will have to be revisited. See Section 3 for
specific references.
Section 2 provides an overview of the AMR system.
Section 3 describes the speech coding.
Section 4 describes the optional noise suppression.
Section 5 describes the link adaptation and inband signaling that control the mode
adaptation.
Section 6 describes support for tandem free operation (TFO).
Section 7 provides a detailed description of the channel encoder. The channel decoder is
not considered a part of this standard, and may be performed with any method capable of
decoding Recursive Systematic Convolutional (RSC) codecs and block codes.
The implementations of the speech codec in the MS shall be bit-exact. Bit-exact
implementation shall conform to the fixed point C-code, see GSM 06.73,[2], and is
subject to the test vectors defined in the ETSI specification for AMR, see GSM 06.74,
[3]. The implementation of the speech codec in the BS is not required to be bit-exact;
however, non bit-exact implementation is subject to the minimum performance
requirements for the AMR codec, contained in TIA/EIA-136-240.
TIA/EIA-136-440
1.1
References
[1]
GSM06.71,v7.0.2Digitalcellulartelecommunicationssystem(Phase2+);AdaptiveMultiRate
(AMR);Speechprocessingfunctions;Generaldescription
[2]
GSM06.73,v7.4.0Digitalcellulartelecommunicationssystem(Phase2+);AdaptiveMultiRate
(AMR)speech;ANSICcodefortheAMRspeechcodec
[3]
GSM06.74,v7.0.1Digitalcellulartelecommunicationsystem(Phase2+);Testsequencesforthe
AdaptiveMultiRate(AMR)speechcodec
[4]
GSM06.90,v7.2.0Digitalcellulartelecommunicationssystem(Phase2+);AdaptiveMultiRate
(AMR)speechtranscoding
[5]
GSM06.91,v7.1.0Digitalcellulartelecommunicationssystem(Phase2+);Substitutionand
mutingoflostframesforAdaptiveMultiRate(AMR)speechtrafficchannels
[6]
GSM06.92,v7.1.1Digitalcellulartelecommunicationsystem(Phase2+);Comfortnoiseaspects
forAdaptiveMultiRate(AMR)speechtrafficchannels
[7]
GSM06.93,v7.3.0Digitalcellulartelecommunicationsystem(Phase2+);Discontinuous
Transmission(DTX)forAdaptiveMultiRate(AMR)speechtrafficchannels
[8]
GSM06.94,v7.1.1Digitalcellulartelecommunicationssystem(Phase2+);VoiceActivity
Detector(VAD)forAdaptiveMultiRate(AMR)speechtrafficchannels;Generaldescription
[9]
GSM05.09,v7.3.0Digitalcellulartelecommunicationssystem(Phase2+);LinkAdaptation
[10]
GSM05.03,v7.1.1Digitalcellulartelecommunicationssystem(Phase2+);Channelcoding
[11]
GSM06.77,v8.0.0MinimumPerformanceRequirementsforNoiseSuppresserAplicationtothe
AMRSpeechEncoder.
[12]
IS853,NoiseSuppressionMinimumPerformanceforAMR
TIA/EIA-136-440
1.2
Terminology
ACS
ActiveCodecSet
CHD
ChannelDecoder
CHE
ChannelEncoder
Class1
Bitsthatareconvolutionallyencoded
Class2
Bitsthatareunprotected
CMC
CodecModeCommand
CMI
CodecModeIndication
CMR
CodecModeRequest
Codecmode
information
CMC,CMIorCMR
Constraintlength
Onemorethanthememoryorder,K=m+1
CRC
CyclicRedundancyCheckingcode
CRCgenerator
TheCRCgeneratorpolynomial
DL
Downlink
Downlink
BStoMS
DTX
Discontinuoustransmission
FRDL
Fullratechannel,downlink(BStoMS)
FRUL
Fullratechannel,uplink(MStoBS)
HRDL
Halfratechannel,downlink(BStoMS)
HRUL
Halfratechannel,uplink(MStoBS)
IE
InformationElement
Inbandsignaling
Modeinformationsignaledasinbanddatainthespeech
trafficchannelusingapartofitstransmissioncapacity
Interleaving
Orderingofthesymbolsonthechannel.
Memoryorder,m
Memoryorderoftheconvolutionalcode,where2m=the
numberofconvolutionalstates.Foruplinkm=5,for
downlinkm=6
SPD
SpeechDecoder
SPE
SpeechEncoder
TFO
Tandemfreeoperation
TRAU
TranscoderandRateAdaptorUnit
UL
Uplink
Uplink
MStoBS
TIA/EIA-136-440
2.
TIA/EIA-136-440
uplink and downlink, information about the presently applied codec mode is transmitted
inband as Codec Mode Indication, together with the coded speech data. At the decoder,
the Codec Mode Indication is decoded and is applied for decoding of the received speech
data.
Figure 1.
Base Station
SPE
speech data
Mobile Station
CHE
DL codec mode
network
control
DL Mode Request
(received)
ULMode Ctrl
UL Quality Indicator
ULMeas.
DLMeas.
UL Mode Command
(received)
DL Quality Indicator
DLReq.Gen
DL Mode Request
speech data
SPD
DL codec mode (received)
UL Mode Command
DLMode Ctrl
SPD
CHD
CHD
CHE
SPE
10
TIA/EIA-136-440
3.
GeneralDescription
GSM06.73,version7.4.0
CSourceCode
GSM06.74,version7.0.1
Testsequences
GSM06.90,version7.2.0
VoiceCoder
GSM06.91,version7.1.0
ErrorConcealment
GSM06.92,version7.1.1
ComfortNoise
GSM06.93,version7.3.0
DTX
GSM06.94,version7.1.1
VAD
The speech coding algorithms are defined in the above referenced documents.
AMR implementations in mobile stations may be one of the following:
3.1
Full-rate channel only, all 8 AMR speech codec modes shall be supported.
Half-rate channel only, the 6 lowest AMR speech codec rates (MR795 and below)
shall be supported.
Both full-rate channel and half-rate channel, all 8 AMR speech codec modes shall be
supported.
DTX
For TDMA, comfort noise is updated with AMR Comfort Noise FACCH messages, as
defined in TIA/EIA-136-133. The encoding of the parameters shall be the same as in
GSM 06.92.
Comfort noise estimates shall be updated and AMR Comfort Noise FACCH messages
shall be transmitted every 8th speech frame in the same way as is done in GSM. However,
the receiver shall not rely on receiving the AMR Comfort Noise message at this interval.
When going from DTX-high to DTX-low, the AMR Implicit Comfort Noise FACCH
message, see TIA/EIA-136-133, shall be sent after the hangover period to indicate to the
receiver that the transmitter has gone into DTX-low mode. SID_FIRST frames, as
defined in GSM 06.93, are not used on the air interface (although they may be used
between base stations in case of TFO with other AMR capable systems, see Section 6.2).
The receiver shall react on the AMR Implicit Comfort Noise FACCH message in the
same manner as GSM-AMR does on the SID_FIRST frame.
ONSET frames, as defined in GSM 06.93, are not used.
11
TIA/EIA-136-440
For half-rate uplink, when two speech frames are encoded together, one of the two speech
frames may be unavailable, both for the transition DTX-high to DTX-low and for the
transition DTX-low to DTX-high. In this case the following special handling is needed:
A dummy speech data frame shall be used to fill up the free space due to the
missing frame in the input vector to the channel encoder.
When going from DTX-high to DTX-low, the AMR Implicit Comfort Noise message
shall be delayed one speech frame, to avoid clipping the end of the speech.
When going from DTX-low to DTX-high, and if either an AMR Comfort Noise
FACCH message or an AMR Implicit Comfort Noise FACCH message is queued for
transmission, this message should be removed, to avoid clipping the beginning of the
speech if possible.
Copying the existing speech frame and set the CRC to an invalid value; or
Setthedummyspeechframeparameterstotheirinitialvalues,seeGSM06.90,and
settheCRCtoaninvalidvalue.
12
TIA/EIA-136-440
4.
Noise Suppression
Noise suppression is a highly desirable feature. The noise suppression function in the MS
shall fulfill IS-853 or GSM 06.77, see Section 1.1.
In cases where a noise suppression unit external to the MS is used, for example in handsfree equipment with built-in noise suppression, it is allowed to turn the noise suppression
unit in the MS off.
In configurations using multiple microphones, where the noise suppression minimum
performance requirements cannot be used, equivalent or better performance than IS-853
must be demonstrated.
13
TIA/EIA-136-440
5.
Link Adaptation
The link adaptation is performed by estimating the channel quality in the receiver,
comparing the measured quality with the codec rate switching thresholds, choosing a
proper codec mode from the Active Codec Set, and signaling the chosen mode to the
transmitter.
The setup procedure is described in Section 5.1.
The codec mode information consist of:
Codec Mode Indication (CMI) is transmitted in both links and informs the receiver
of the currently applied codec mode.
CodecModeCommand(CMC)istransmittedfromtheBStotheMSandinforms
theMSofthecodecmodetobeappliedontheuplink.
Codec Mode Request (CMR) is transmitted from the MS to the BS and informs the
BS of the preferred codec mode to be applied in the downlink. Network control may
override Codec Mode Requests.
For AMR on full-rate and AMR on half-rate DL, the codec mode information consists
alternately of CMI and CMC/CMR, see Section 5.5. For AMR on half-rate UL, the codec
mode information always consists of both CMI and CMR.
There are two types of AMR signaling:
Inband signaling, consist of codec mode information transmitted with the speech
data in active speech mode (DTX-high), see Section 5.2.
transmitting coded mode information (CMI and CMC/CMR) together with the
comfort noise parameters during DTX-low, see Section 5.3.1
5.1
Setup Procedure
The definition at call setup and handoff of AMR Active Codec Set and mode adaptation
thresholds is defined in the following sections.
14
TIA/EIA-136-440
Identifier
Encoding
Description
MR122_USED
1xxxxxxx
MR122isintheACS
MR102_USED
x1xxxxxx
MR102isintheACS
MR795_USED
xx1xxxxx
MR795isintheACS
MR74_USED
xxx1xxxx
MR74isintheACS
MR67_USED
xxxx1xxx
MR67isintheACS
MR59_USED
xxxxx1xx
MR59isintheACS
MR515_USED
xxxxxx1x
MR515isintheACS
MR475_USED
xxxxxxx1
MR475isintheACS
Unused modes shall be identified with a 0 in the above described bit map. No more
than four bits may be set to 1.
The Active Codec Set (ACS) can be changed during a call using the out-of-band
signaling procedure for AMR configuration defined in Section 5.3.2.
The following convention (see Table 2.) applies for the coding of the codec modes for the
inband signaling (Codec Mode Indications, Codec Mode Commands/Requests).
15
TIA/EIA-136-440
Table 2.
Identifier
Encoding
Description
CODEC_MODE_1
00
Representsthelowestspeechcodecmode
(lowestbitrate)oftheACS
CODEC_MODE_2
01
Representsthesecondlowestspeechcodec
mode,iftheACSincludesmorethanone
mode
CODEC_MODE_3
10
Representsthethirdlowestspeechcodec
mode,iftheACSincludesmorethantwo
modes
CODEC_MODE_4
11
Representsthehighestspeechcodecmode,
iftheACSincludesfourmodes
If a handoff is made without signaling a new ACS, then the ACS from before the handoff
shall be used.
Link
Encoding
Description
Uplink
0x
TheAMRconfigurationorderdoesnot
applytotheuplink
Uplink
1x
TheAMRconfigurationorderapplytothe
uplink
Downlink
x0
TheAMRconfigurationorderdoesnot
applytothedownlink
Downlink
x1
TheAMRconfigurationorderapplytothe
downlink
16
TIA/EIA-136-440
ThenthisshallbetheInitialCodecMode
2or3modes
ThentheInitialCodecModeshallbethemostrobustmodeof
theset(withlowestspeechcodecbitrate)
4modes
ThentheInitialCodecModeshallbethesecondmostrobust
modeoftheset(withsecondlowestspeechcodecbitrate).
Both the signaled ICM and the default ICM are always relative to the ACS.
If the Active Codec Set is changed during the call, the ICM shall also be signaled.
If a handoff is made without updating the ACS and without signaling a new ICM, then
the ICM from before the handoff shall be used. If a handoff is made and the ACS is
updated, then a new ICM shall be signaled.
17
TIA/EIA-136-440
Figure 2.
C/(I+N)norm
CODEC_MODE_4
THR_3 + HYST_3 = THR_MX_Up(3)
THR_3
= THR_MX_Dn(4)
CODEC_MODE_3
THR_2 + HYST_2 = THR_MX_Up(2)
THR_2
CODEC_MODE_2
= THR_MX_Dn(3)
CODEC_MODE_1
= THR_MX_Dn(2)
Parameter
name
Description
Range
Bits
THR_1/2/3
Lowerthresholdsforswitching
betweenmodejandj1
063
HYST_1/2/3
Hysteresisvaluestoobtainthehigher
thresholdsforswitchingbetweenmode
jandj+1
015
A threshold (THR) is given as an absolute value in 0.5 dB steps. The THR values
between 0 and 63 shall be mapped to normalized C/(I+N) values as follows:
18
TIA/EIA-136-440
Table 5.
Encoding of Thresholds
Value
(integer)
Encoding
(binary)
Threshold
THR1/2/3
000000
0.0dB
THR1/2/3
000001
0.5dB
THR1/2/3
000010
1.0dB
THR1/2/3
62
111110
31.0dB
THR1/2/3
63
111111
31.5dB
NOTE: The threshold for codec mode j should be set to a normalized C/(I+N) value
where the speech quality of speech codec mode j-1 is better.
A hysteresis parameter is given 0.5 dB steps. The HYST values between 0 and 15 shall be
encoded as follows:
Table 6.
Encoding of Hysteresis
Value
(integer)
Encoding
(binary)
Hysteresis
HYST1/2/3
0000
0.0dB
HYST1/2/3
0001
0.5dB
HYST1/2/3
0010
1.0dB
HYST1/2/3
14
1110
7.0dB
HYST1/2/3
15
1111
7.5dB
If a common hysteresis is signaled, then this value shall be used for all hysteresises.
If a handoff is made without signaling new thresholds and hysteresises, then the
thresholds and hysteresises from before the handoff shall be used.
5.2
Inband Signaling
The inband signaling for AMR on full-rate and AMR on half-rate downlink uses the same
alternating transmission of Codec Mode Indication and Codec Mode Command/Request
as for GSM.
For AMR on half-rate uplink, since two speech frames are encoded and transmitted
together, both Codec Mode Indication and Codec Mode Request are transmitted every
time together with the speech data.
19
TIA/EIA-136-440
Channel coding for the inband channel is defined in Section Error: Reference source not
found for the uplink and in Section Error: Reference source not found for the downlink.
5.3
Out-of-Band Signaling
There are two types of out-of-band signaling carried in FACCH messages; codec mode
information during DTX and AMR Configuration using FACCH.
5.4
20
TIA/EIA-136-440
the FER after channel decoding becomes independent of the channel type. An example of
channel quality measuring is given in Annex A.
Uplink
(2-slot interleaving)
10 Hz
180 Hz
20.5
13.3
17.1
10.7
16.0
9.9
15.6
9.0
14.9
8.4
14.3
7.4
12.7
6.1
12.3
5.8
21
TIA/EIA-136-440
Table 8.
Link
Mode
MR795
MR74
MR67
MR59
MR515
MR475
Uplink
10 Hz
180 Hz
26.0
18.5
23.3
15.6
21.7
14.3
19.2
13.0
16.4
11.1
15.7
10.6
The difference between this reference performance and the performance of the used
receiver gives the normalization factor to be used when compensating for differences in
receiver performance.
22
TIA/EIA-136-440
5.5
23
TIA/EIA-136-440
6.
6.1
6.2
6.3
If a SID_FIRST frame is received in the TDMA BS from, for example, a GSM MS,
the BS shall replace it with an AMR Implicit Comfort Noise FACCH message, which
is then sent to the TDMA MS.
ONSET frames, as defined in GSM, are not forwarded to the TDMA MS, nor are
they generated by the TDMA MS.
The base station shall pass the comfort noise parameters to the mobile as FACCH
messages.
The BS shall send FACCH filler messages in-between the Comfort Noise FACCH
messages.
24
TIA/EIA-136-440
6.4
25
TIA/EIA-136-440
7.
Channel Coding
The channel error control for the speech codec data defined in this standard employs
three techniques for the mitigation of channel errors.
The first technique is to use a convolutional code to protect the more vulnerable bits
of the speech codec data stream.
The second technique interleaves the transmitted data for each speech codec frame
over two or three time slots to mitigate the effects of Rayleigh fading.
The third technique employs the use of a cyclic redundancy check over some of the
most perceptually significant bits of the speech codec output.
After the error correction is applied at the receiver, these cyclic redundancy bits are
checked to see if the most perceptually significant bits were received properly.
The channel error control for the inband signaling defined in this standard employs two
techniques for the mitigation of channel errors.
The second technique interleaves the transmitted data for each speech codec frame
over two or three time slots, in the same way as is done for the speech data.
For the MS, it is mandatory to support both 2-slot interleaving and 3-slot interleaving.
26
TIA/EIA-136-440
7.1
7.2
Datablockoutputfromsubjectivesorting
S1
Datablockoutputfromsubjectivesortingforfirstframein
HRUL(twospeechframesareencodedsimultaneously)
S2
Datablockoutputfromsubjectivesortingforsecondframe
inHRUL(twospeechframesareencodedsimultaneously)
Paritybits(7),outputfromCRCcalculation
P1
Paritybits(7),outputfromCRCcalculationforfirstframein
HRUL(twospeechframesareencodedsimultaneously)
P2
Paritybits(7),outputfromCRCcalculationforsecond
frameinHRUL(twospeechframesareencoded
simultaneously)
Codedbits,outputfromconvolutionalencoder
ID
Inputinbandbits(2forfullrateuplink,fullratedownlink
andhalfratedownlink,2+2forhalfrateuplink)
IC
Codedinbandbits(16forfullrateuplinkandfullrate
downlink,8forhalfratedownlink,8+8forhalfrateuplink)
Blockofmergedbits(codedbitsC,class2bitsandcoded
inbandbitsIC).
Blockofbitstobeconvolutionallyencoded,consistsofthe
class1bitsandthe7CRCbits
G0..G3
Polynomialsforconvolutionalencodingforuplink,
constraintlengthK=6.
G4..G7
Polynomialsforconvolutionalencodingfordownlink,
constraintlengthK=7.
Overview
The channel encoding is done in the following steps:
1.
Subjective ordering of the bits from the speech encoder; the most sensitive bit is
placed first in the output block and the least sensitive bit is placed last. See Section
7.4.
2.
Classification to class 1 and class 2 (if applicable) bits. The class 1 bits are the bits
that use the convolutional code for error correction. The class 2 bits (if used; not all
full-rate modes use class 2 bits) are sent unprotected over the channel. See Sections
7.5.1 and Error: Reference source not found.
3.
Calculation of CRC. The class 1 bits are further divided into two classes: the
perceptually most sensitive bits, the class 1a bits, over which the CRC is calculated,
and the remaining class 1 bits which are called the class 1b bits. See Sections 7.5.2
and Error: Reference source not found.
4.
Convolutional encoding with a rate 1/2, 1/3 or 1/4 convolutional code for the class 1
bits and the CRC bits. See Sections 7.5.3 and Error: Reference source not found.
27
TIA/EIA-136-440
5.
Channel encoding for the inband channel. See Sections Error: Reference source not
found and Error: Reference source not found.
6.
Puncturing and mapping to 8PSK symbols. See Sections Error: Reference source not
found and Error: Reference source not found.
7.
Interleaving. See Sections Error: Reference source not found and Error: Reference
source not found.
8.
Mapping to time slot format. See Sections Error: Reference source not found and
Error: Reference source not found.
The channel decoding is the reversed process. The fact that the inband channel is decoded
before the speech data allows decoding of the speech data with knowledge of the applied
mode.
7.3
Interleaving Options
If the MS support AMR on full-rate, it shall support the following interleaving formats:
Table 9.
Formatnumber
Description
1
(default)
2slotinterleavingfortheuplink
2slotinterleavingforthedownlink
2slotinterleavingfortheuplink
3slotinterleavingforthedownlink
3slotinterleavingfortheuplink
2slotinterleavingforthedownlink
3slotinterleavingfortheuplink
3slotinterleavingforthedownlink
The interleaving format to be used is defined at call setup and may be changed at handoff, see Extended Voice Mode in TIA/EIA-136-123.
If the MS support AMR on half-rate, it shall support the following interleaving format:
Table 10.
Formatnumber
Description
1
(mandatory)
2slotinterleavingfortheuplink
3slotinterleavingforthedownlink
28
TIA/EIA-136-440
7.4
Subjective Ordering
The first step in the error correction process is to sort the speech codec bits into
subjective sensitivity order, so that the most sensitive bits are placed first in the
subjectively sorted vector and the least sensitive bits are placed last in the subjectively
sorted vector. See the following GSM specifications, see Section 1.1:
GSM05.03,version7.1.1
Tables714
Channelcoding
The subjective ordering is defined in the above referenced document and is identical for
both uplink, downlink, full-rate and half-rate. The sorting procedure produces the block
S(0)...S(N-1), where N is the number of bits produced by the speech encoder for each
mode as shown in the table below:
Table 11.
Numberofbitsineachframe
(N)
MR122
244
MR102
204
MR795
159
MR74
148
MR67
134
MR59
118
MR515
103
MR475
95
.
The ordering algorithm is in pseudo code as:
Fork=0toN1
S(k):=input_data(table(k)+1);
where input data is the speech encoded bits produced by the speech encoder in the order
described in GSM 06.90, and table(k) is read line by line left to right.
Note that input_data is a vector from 1N, while the sorting table has values from
0N-1.
7.5
29
TIA/EIA-136-440
Figure 3.
Speech
frame
95..244
bits
Subjective
ordering
In:
95..244 bits
Out:
95..244 bits
class 1a
CRC
7 bits
Convolutional
code
In:
102..191 bits
Out:
360..501 bits
class 1b
Puncturing and
mapping to
symbols
In:
406..521 bits
Out:
124 symbols
class 2
Inband
data
2 bits
Symbol
interleaving
In:
124 symbols
Out:
124 symbols
Block code
In: 2 bits
Out: 16 bits
Figure 4.
2 Speech
frame
190..318
bits
Subjective
ordering
In:
190..318
bits
Out:
190..318
bits
class 1a
CRC
7+7
bits
class 1b
class 2
Inband
data
4 bits
Convolutional
code
In:
180..218 bits
Out:
370..446 bits
Puncturing and
mapping to
symbols
In:
410..560 bits
Out:
129 symbols
(some bits
unused)
Symbol
interleaving
In:
129 symbols
Out:
129 symbols
Block code
In: 2+2 bits
Out: 8+8 bits
30
TIA/EIA-136-440
Table 12.
Mode
Numberof
bitsclass1
(N1)
Numberof
bitsclass1a
(N1A)
Numberof
bitsclass1b
(N1B)
Numberof
bitsclass2
(N2)
MR122
184
81
103
60
MR102
168
65
103
36
MR795
155
70
85
MR74
148
55
93
MR67
134
55
79
MR59
118
55
63
MR515
103
45
58
MR475
95
40
55
Table 13.
Mode
Numberof
bitsclass1
(N1)
Numberof
bitsclass1a
(N1A)
Numberof
bitsclass1b
(N1B)
Numberof
bitsclass2
(N2)
MR795
98
74
24
61
MR74
96
55
41
52
MR67
102
55
47
32
MR59
98
55
43
20
MR515
83
45
38
20
MR475
83
40
43
12
The class 1a bits are the first bits in the subjectively sorted vector. Then comes the class
1b bits. The class 2 bits are the last bits in the subjectively sorted vector.
g(X ) 1 X X 2 X 4 X 5 X 7
from the first N1A bits of class 1, where N 1A refers to number of bits in protection class 1a
as shown above for each codec mode. The encoding of the cyclic code is performed in a
systematic form, which means that, in GF(2), the polynomial:
TIA/EIA-136-440
where P (0, P (1),..., P (6) are the parity bits, when divided by g ( X ) , yields a
remainder equal to 0.
32