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Medicine
1.1. Introduction
Medicinal plants have been playing significant role in the
treatment of various ailments in Indian subcontinent. The
important traditional methods are Ayurvedic, homeopathy, Unani
systems of medicines. More frequently traditional drugs are used
to cure the following ailments:
Disorders
Cough &
Plants used
Leaves of Angelica, Garlic, Tulsi, Eucalyptus sp. dried
Cold
GI
Disorders
Urinary
(stomachic)
Kalmegh, Picrorhiza, Jar-amla (Cholagogue disorders);
disorders
Anti-
arthritic
agents
Sedative &
Traqulizers
Cardiac
Others
(Cardiotonic)
Chenopodium oil (Anthelmintic) Vasaka (Antiasthmatic), Turmeric, Punarnava, Aswagandha (Antiinflammatory)
1.2 .
Individual Plants
Plant
Biological
Source
Punarnav
a
Boerhaavia
diffusa
Vasaka
Adhatoda
vaska
Anantam
ul
Hemidesmus
indicus
Arjun
Tarminalia
arjuna
Leaves
& bark
Chirata
Gentiana
chirayita
Picrorhiga
Picrirhiga
kurroa
Entire
dried
plant
Dried
rizomes
Kalomegh Andrographis
paniculata
Plant
part in
use
Root
Important
content
Use
Alkaloids,
Xanthenes,
Ursolic acid
Dried /
fresh
leaves
Root
Vasicine,
Vasicinone
(alkaloid)
Essential Oil,
Saponin,
Resin,
Tannins,
Sterols and
glucosides.
Tannins, sitosterols,
saponin
Gentiopicrin
(bitter
glycoside)
Picrorhigin
(Glucoside)
Diuretic, useful in
nephritic syndrome,
chronic oedema &
liver diseases
Cough & cold, chronic
bronchitis & asthma,
expectorant
Tonic, diuretic,
demulcent,
diaphoretic,
carminative
Leaves
or
entire
aerial
part
Dried
fruit
Amla
(Triphala)
Phylanthus
emblica
Asoka
Saraca indica
Dried
bark
Bahera
Terminalia
belerica
Dried
ripe
Kalmeghin
(bitter
crystalline
diterpin
lactone)
Vit C (20
times more
than in
orange)
Tannins,
catechol,
streols
20% tannins,
phyllembin,
As cardio tonic in
angina pain, diuretic in
palpitations
Bitter tonic, febrifuge,
stomachic & laxative
Bitter tonic, cathartic,
stomachic used in
dyspepsia, antiperiodic & colagogue
Febrifuge, astringent,
anthelmintic. Useful in
cholera, piles,
gonorrhea, dyspepsia
and general weakness
Cooling, refrigerant,
diuretic & laxative
Astringent used in
uterine affections,
dyspepsia, dysentery,
colic, piles, ulcer.
Bitter tonic,
astringent, laxative,
fruit
mannitol
Haritaki
Terminalia
Chebula.
Fruit
Triterpenes &
conjugated
coumarins
Plant
Biological
Source
Important
content
Tulsi
Ocimum
sanctum
Plant
part in
use
Leaves
Neem
Azadiachta
indica
Leaves
& seed
oil
Betel nut
Areka catechu
Seed
Nimbin, ,
nimbinene,
nimbandiol
(indole
alkaloids)
acrecoline
and other
alkaloids
Garlic
Alium stivum
Bulb
Designated
allicin
Spirulina
Spirulina
maxima
Ginseng
Panax
quinquefolius
Bluegreen
algae
Root
Aloe
Aloe
barbadensis
Dried
latex
juice of
leaves
Eugenol
(essential
oil), carvacrol
Complex
mixture of
triterpenoid
saponins
Barbaloin
(anthraquinin
e glycosides
antipyretic used in
dysentery, piles,
leprosy
Carminative, appetite
stimulant used in
leprosy, anemia, piles,
intermittent fever,
heart disease, diarrhea
Use
Expectorant,
diaphoretic,
antiperiodic, antiseptic
& spasmolydic
Stimulant, antiseptic
used in rheumatism &
skin diseases
emmenagogue,
digestive aid, mitotic,
nervine, cardiotonic,
and astringent.
Used in hypertension,
stimulating bile
production, common
cold, acceleration in
wound healing
Weight loss
Aphrodisiac
Benzoin tincture,
cathertic