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Set No. 1
Code No: M0122 /R07
IV B.Tech. I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2010

FINITE ELEMENT METHODS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
(Civil Engineering)
Time: 3 Hours
Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
*******
1. What are the various steps involved in finite Element method and explain them
through an Example.
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2. (a) What is the basic principle of Rayleigh-Ritz method and explain it in detail.
(b) A cantilever beam of span, L and flexural rigidity EI , is subjected to uniformly
distributed load w / m throughout the span. Determine the deflection and slope at
its free end using Rayleigh -Ritz method. Compare the deflection with exact
solution and comment.
[4 +12 ]
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3. (a) What are the convergence requirements to be fulfilled in an assumed

displacement function of an element? Discuss them in detail.
(b) What do you mean by an interpolation function? Derive the interpolation
functions for a simple beam element from basic principles.
[8+8]
4. A three member truss is loaded as shown in Fig. 1. Assume AE is same for all
L
the members. Analyze the truss using finite element method and determine the
a) Joint displacements
b) Member forces and tabulate them.
c) Reactions at the supports.
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Set No. 1
Code No: M0122/R07
= 45 0
Fig . 1
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5. A stepped column of length 2L, as shown in Fig. 2, is loaded with point loads at its
centre and end. Analyze the column using the Finite Element Method. Assume
2 A and A are c / s areas of the column. Length of each stepped is L. Determine
Strains in both top and bottom portion of the column.

Stresses in both top and bottom portion of the column.
Forces in both top and bottom portion of the column.
Reaction.
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2P
Fig . 2
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Set No. 1
Code No: M0122/R07
6. What is an Axi-Symmetric problem and explain how the problem is solved using
Finite element method.
[16]
7. A 200 mm x 120 mm rectangular plate (2D) is subjected to an in-plane point
load as shown in Fig . 3 . Youngs modulus & poisons ratio of the plate material
are E = 200 GPa & = 0.3 respectively. Determine
a)
(c)
The displacement field

Stress vector
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(b) Strain vector

(d) Reactions. (Explain the procedure only)
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Fig . 3
8. Write short notes on the following

(a)Weighted residual methods.
(b)Simple elements and Higher order elements
(c)Serendipity elements and Legrangian elements.
(d)Sub-parametric element, isoperimetric element,elemet.
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Code No: M0122/R07
Set No. 2

(Civil Engineering)
Time: 3 Hours
Max Marks: 80
*******
1. Compare and contrast the Rayleigh-Ritz method with the Finite element
method and comment on both the methods.
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2. (a) Explain the terms Local axis and Global axis in the context of Finite
Element Method.
(b) Derive shape functions of a simple triangular element in terms of global
axes. If coordinates of vertices of the triangular element are
A ( x1 , y1 ), B ( x1 , y1 ), and C ( x1 , y1 ),
[4+12]
3.
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A structural member, of length, 2L is subjected to axial loads at its centre and

end as shown in Fig . 1 . Assume AE is constant throughout. Analyze it using
finite element method and determine the following

(a) Deflections at the load points.
(b) Strains & Stresses in the bar structure.
(c) Forces in the two metals.
(d) Reaction at the support.
2P
Fig . 1
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Set No. 2
Code No: M0122/R07

4.
(a) State and explain the principle of minimum potential energy and explain.
(b) Write Finite element formulation for a 2 Dimensional structure.
[6+10]
5. (a) Derive equilibrium equations for 2 D solid mechanics problems.

(b) Explain plane stress problem and plane strain problem. Give examples for
each case.
[8+8]
6.
A simply supported beam of span L, is loaded with uniformly distributed load,

w/m throughout the span. its flexural rigidity, EI is constant. The beam is
propped at its centre with an axial spring. The stiffness of the spring is k
Explain the finite element procedure in solving the problem.
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7. (a) What are the advantages and disadvantage of finite element method?
(b) Derive materials stiffness matrix for plane stress problem.
8.
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Write short notes on the following.

(a)
Degree of freedom and boundary conditions.
(b)
How temperature effect is taken in to account in the finite element
procedure.
(c)
Static condensation.
(d)
Guassian-quadrature.
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Set No. 3
Code No: M0122/R07

(Civil Engineering)
Time: 3 Hours
Max Marks: 80

*******
1.
What are the various approximate methods of analysis and explain them.
2.
(a) Derive equilibrium equations for 2D elastic solid mechanics problem.

(b) Strains at a point in plate under in-plane loading are
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xx = 10 x10 5 , yy = 6 x10 5 , and xy = 3x10 4 . For plane stress case, determine

stresses xx , yy , and xy at the same point.
3.
[8+8]
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(a) What are the convergence requirements to be fulfilled in an assumed

displacement function of an element? Discuss them in detail.
(b) What are the properties of shape functions? Using the properties of the shape
functions, derive the shape functions of a four noded bar element.
[8+8]
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4.
(a) What do you mean by plane stress and plain strain solid mechanics problems
and explain them with examples?
(b) Derive the material stiffness matrix for plane stress case.
[8+8]
5.
Explain how stiffness matrix and load vector of a three noded triangular element
using shape functions.
[16]
6.
(a) What do you mean by an isoparametric element? Explain its significance.

(b) Derive the interpolation functions of a simple quadrilateral isoparametric
element.
[8+8]
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Set No. 3
Code No: M0122/R07
7.
Explain how axi-symmetric problem are analyzed using finite element method?
[16]
Write short notes on the following
(a) Numerical Integration
(b) Static condensation
(c) Area and volume coordinates
(d) Legrangian element
8.

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Set No. 4
Code No: M0122/R07

(Civil Engineering)
Time: 3 Hours
Max Marks: 80

*******
1.
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(a) Explain the advantages and disadvantages of Finite Element Method.

(b) What is meant by total potential of elastic structure? Write the
expression for total potential of a cantilever beam with uniformly
distributed load though out the span.
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[6+10]
2. A simply supported beam is subjected to lineally varying distributed load with zero
intensity at one end and w/m at other end. Analyze the beam using Raleigh Ritz
method and find the following at centre of the beam.
(a) Deflection
(b) Slope
(c) Shear force
(d) Bending moment
[4+4+4+4]
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3. (a) Derive equations of equilibrium for a 2D elastic structure under external loading.
(b) Write constitutive relationships for plane stress and plane strain
cases.
[8+8]
4. Explain how stiffness matrix and nodal load vector are developed from shape
functions through an example.
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Set No. 4
Code No: M0122/R07
5. A fixed beam is loaded with uniformly distributed load of intensity w/m. Assume EI
is constant throughout. Analyze the beam by dividing it into two elements and find
the following at quarter span.
(a)
Deflection
(b)
Slope
(c)
Shear force
(d)
ending moment
[4+4+4+4]
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6. (a) Explain what is meant by an isoparametric element and its significance.

(b) What is meant by constant strain triangle (CST) element and explain it? Write
shape functions of CST in terms isoparametric element.
[6+10]
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7. What do you mean by axi-symmetric problem. Explain how axi-symmetric problems

are solved using finite element method.
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8. Write a short note on the following

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(a)
Simple element and Higher order element
(b)
Legrangian element serendipity element
(c)
Assembling of elements stiffness matrices in to global stiffness matrix
(d)
Static condensation.
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Code No: M0222 /R07
Set No. 1

POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS
(Electrical & Electronics Engineering)
Time: 3 Hours
Max Marks: 80
Answer any Five Questions
*******
1.
Determine the incidence matrices A, B, B , C, C and K. From that verify the following
relations for the following figure, take 1 as ground bus
(i) Cb = BLT
(ii) Ab K T = U
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2.
Derive the formula for Z Bus using building algorithm if the element is a branch with
mutual coupled to other element.
3.
For the system shown in figure below with bus 1 as slack bus, obtain the power flow
solution using G-S method after the end of first iteration
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Load
Bus code
P
1
2
3
Q
2
3
1
Line impedance in
P.u
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j 0.1
j 0.25
j 0.3
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Set No. 1
Code No: M0222 /R07
Bus code
Generation
P
Q
Load
Reactive power
limit
Qmin
Qmax
-
Type of
bus
1.0
1.25
P-V bus
1.2
P-Q bus
Slack bus
4.
(a) Write down the comparison of decoupled and fast decoupled form of N-R methods.
(b) Draw the flowchart for N-R method in polar coordinates method
5.
A synchronous generator and motor are rated of 25 MVA, 11kV and both have sub
transient reactance of 15% and line reactance of 12% on the base of machine ratings.
The motor drawing 32 MW at 0.85 p.f leading. The terminal voltage is 10.5 kV when a
three phase symmetrical fault occurs at motor terminals. Determine sub transient current
in generator, motor and at the fault point.
6.
7.
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(a) What are symmetrical components? Why they are necessary?

(b) A 25 MVA, 11kV alternator with solidly grounded neutral has a sub transient
reactance of 0.2 p.u. The negative and zero sequence reactances are 0.3 and 0.15 p.u.
A single line to ground fault occurs at the terminals of an unloaded alternator, find the
fault current and the line to line voltages. Neglect resistance.
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(a) Explain methods to improve steady state stability.

(b) Show that if the reactance X of the line could be varied with resistance R remaining
constant, the maximum steady state power that could be transmitted over the line
would be greater when X = 3 R
8.
(a) Derive the expression for swing equation.

(b) What are the methods used to improve transient stability limit? Explain.

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Code No: M0222 /R07
Set No. 2

Time: 3 Hours
Max Marks: 80
*******
1.
For the figure shown below, the impedance data is given in Table.1. Determine YBus
matrix by singular transformation method
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Table.1
Element
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1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Bus code
01
02
03
04
12
23
34
13
Self impedance
in p.u
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.1
0.2
0.15
2.
Derive the formula for ZBus using building algorithm if the new element is a link with
mutual coupled to any other element
3.
(a) Explain the necessity of power flow studies

(b) Draw the flow chart of Gauss Seidal load flow method when P-V buses are present
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Code No: M0222 /R07
Set No. 2
4.
For the network shown in figure below, determine the load flows after first iteration by
using Fast decoupled method. The limit of generate on bus 2 is 0 < QG2< 5.0 p.u
Bus 1 : Slack bus, Vspec = 1.04 0 0 p.u
Bus 2 : P V bus, Vspec = 1.0 p.u, PG2 = 3 p.u
Bus 3 = PQ bus, PD3 = 4.0 p.u, QD3 = 2.0 p.u
5.
(a) What are the merits and demerits of p.u system

(b) Determine short circuit MVA at the bus bars of a generating station is 750 MVA and
other station is 500 MVA. The generated voltage of each station is 11 kV. Also find
the possible short circuit MVA at each station when they are linked by an inter
connected cable with a reactance of 0.4 .
6.
(a) What do you understand by sequence network? What is their importance in

unsymmetrical fault calculations
(b) A generator rated 75 MVA, 13.2 kV has X1 = X2 = 20% and X0 = 7.5%. Its neutral is
grounded through a reactance of 0.25 . The generator is operating at rated voltage,
load is disconnected from the system when single line to ground fault occurs at its
terminals. Find the sub-transient current in the fault phase and line to line fault
current.
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7.
(a) State and explain the steady state stability

(b) Derive an expression for steady state stability limit of a short transmission line
having send end and receiving end voltages Vs and Vr an impedance Z. Also obtain
the above limit for a short transmission line having Vs= 11kV/ph
Vr = 10.5 kV/ph and Z = (15+ j25) /phase
8.
A generator with constant excitation supplies 25 MW through a step up transformer and

a high voltage line to an infinite bus bar. If the steady state stability limit of the system
is 50 MW, determine the maximum permissible sudden increase of generation output, if
the stability is to be maintained. Assume resistance is negligible
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Code No: M0222 /R07
Set No. 3

Time: 3 Hours
Max Marks: 80
*******
1. (a) Prove the following relation with one example Ab KT = U

(b) For the network shown in below figure, draw the graph and tree. Also determine
the YBus matrix by direct inspection method. All the mensioned values are
impedance in p.u
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2. (a) What are the modification of Z Bus of one branch is removed from original network
(b) Form Z Bus using building algorithm for the network shown in below figure. Take
ground as reference. The values are in p.u reactances
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3. (a) What are the various types of buses in power system? Explain
(b) Write an algorithm for Gauss-seidel load flow method when P-V buses are present
4. The power system network shown in below network, obtain V3 using N-R method
after first iteration. The impedance values in p.u indicted in the network.
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Set No. 3
Code No: M0222 /R07
Bus code
Generation
MW
MVAR
-
1.05
1.0
15
1.0
MW
-
Load
MVAR
-
10
50
20
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5. A transformer rated at 30 MVA and having a short circuit reactance of 0.03 p.u is
connected to the bus bar of a generating station which is supplied through two 13 kV
feeders each having an impedance of (2+j 5) . One of the feeder is connected to the
generating station using generator capacity of 50 MVA connected to its bus bars
having a short circuit reactance of 0.15 p.u and other feeder to a generator with 75
MVA and having a reactance of 0.2 p.u. Calculate the kVA supplied to the fault in
the event of a short circuit occurring between the secondary terminals of the
transformer
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6. (a) Drive an expression for the total power in a 3-Phase system interms of the
sequence components of voltages and currents
(b) What is a 3-Phase unsymmetrical fault? Discuss the different types of
unsymmetrical faults that occur in a 3-Phase system
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7. (a) Find the expression for the maximum steady state power which can be transmitted
over a line, if the voltage at both ends is kept constant
(b) Distinguish between transient stability and steady state stability
8. (a) Derive the expression for critical clearance angle

(b) Explain the solution of swing equation by step-by-step method
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Set No. 4
Code No: M0222 /R07

Time: 3 Hours
Max Marks: 80
*******
1. (a) Define the following

(i) Tree (ii) cut set
(iii) Tie set
(b) Bus incidence matrix is given below, draw the graph and tree
1
1
1
2
A=
1
31
4 0
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1
0
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1
1
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2. Determine the Z Bus for the power system network shown in below system
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All reactances are in p.u values
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Code No: M0222 /R07
Set No. 4
3. (a) Derive formula for power flows in a power system network

(b) The power system network shown in below network, bus 1 is connected as a slack
bus of voltage 1.0 0 0 p.u . The line impedances are indicated in the network on
100 MVA base and neglect the line shunt admittance
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By using gauss-seidel method at the end of first iteration, determine the voltage
magnitude and phase angle at buses 2 and 3.
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4. (a) Write Comparisons and differences between G-S and N-R methods
(b) Derive DC power flow equations
5. (a) Describe the applications of series reactors

(b) A single phase transformer of 11 kV/ 415V, 50 Hz, 100 kVA has primary
impedance is (3+j 5) , the secondary impedance is (0.01 +j0.04) . Determine
the p.u value of transformer both primary and secondary side
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6. (a) Explain the symmetrical component method to analyze an unsymmetrical system

(b) The following sequence currents are recorded in a power system under an
unbalanced fault condition.
IPositive = j 0.4 p.u, Inegative = j 0.3 p.u and Izero = j 1.2 p.u.
Identity the type of fault. Assume that the pre-fault voltage 1.2 p.u and the post
fault positive voltage is 0.8 p.u. find the sequence impedances for the system
under the above conditions.
7. (a) Derive an expression for steady state stability

(b) A synchronous generator has a synchronous reactance of 1.2 p.u connected to an
infinite bus of voltage 1.1p.u. The terminal voltage of the generator is held
constant at 1.0 p.u by an automatic voltage regulator. Determine the dynamic
steady state stability limit. If the voltage regulator is done manually, what is the
power limit
8. (a) Explain the auto reclosing circuit breaker
(b) An alternator supplies 50 MW to an infinite bus bar, the steady state limit of the
system being 75 MW. Determine whether the alternator will remain in
synchronism if the prime moves input is abruptly increased to 25 MW.
(Assuming losses are neglected)
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Code No: N0321 /R07
Set No. 1

DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
(Common to Mechanical Engineering and Electronics & Computer
Engineering )
Time: 3 Hours
Max Marks: 80
*******
1. (a) What is a data model? What is relational data model? What is data independence
and how does a DBMS support it?
(b) What is a transaction? What guarantees does a DBMS offer with respect to
transactions?
2. (a) With an example, briefly describe key constraint, participation constraint,
descriptive attribute and weak entity?
(b) Briefly describe the six steps of ER model design process.
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3. (a) What is Tuple Relational Calculus? With an example, briefly describe syntax and
semantics of TRC queries.
(b) What SQL constraint enables the definition of a relation? What constructs allow
modification of relation instances.
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4. What are nested queries? What is correlation in nested queries? How would you use
the operators IN, EXISTS, UNIQUE, ANY, and ALL in writing nested queries?
Why are they useful?
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5. (a) What is functional dependency? How primary keys are related to FDs?
(b) When is decomposition is said to be dependency preserving? Why is this property
useful? Explain.
6. (a) What is serializability? Briefly describe anomalies due to interleaved execution.

(b) What is a lock? What is locking protocol? Briefly describe two phase locking
protocol.
7. (a) What is recovery? Briefly describe the ARIES data structure and other key
features of ARIES.
(b) What is fine-grained locking? Briefly describe the phases of ARIES recovery
method, when a system crash occurred.
8. (a) What issues are considered in using clustered indexes? What is an index only
evaluation method? What is its primary advantage?
(b) What is a composite search key? What are the pros and cons of composite search
keys?
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Code No: N0321 /R07
Set No. 2

Engineering )
Time: 3 Hours
Max Marks: 80

*******
1. (a) What are the main components of a DBMS and briefly explain them?
(b) With an example, briefly describe the difference between logical and physical
data independence.
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2. (a) What is class hierarchy? What are overlap constraints and covering constraints?
What are the two basic reasons for identifying subclasses?
(b) What is ternary relationship and what is aggregation? With an example ER
diagram describe the usage of ternary relationship instead of aggregation.
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3. (a) What are integrity constraints? Define primary key constraint and foreign key
constraint. How these constraints are expressed in SQL?
(b) What is a view? How do views support logical data independence? How are
views used for security? How are queries on views evaluated?
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4. What is grouping? Is there a counterpart in relational algebra? Explain this feature,

and discuss the interaction of the HAVING and WHERE clauses.
5. (a) What is functional dependency? Why some functional dependencies are called
trivial? Give a set of FDs for the relation schema R (A, B, C, D) with primary
key AB under which R is in 1NF but not in 2NF.
(b) What is lossless join? What is dependency preservation? Briefly describe
problems caused by redundancy.
6. (a) What is recoverability? Briefly describe recoverable schedule and cascadeless
schedule.
(b) Define the concept of schedule for a set of concurrent transactions and describe
the algorithm to test the serializability of a schedule.
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Set No. 2
Code No: N0321 /R07
7. (a) With a neat diagram, briefly describe the architecture of remote backup system.
(b) What is system crash? In what way it is different from disaster. Briefly describe
the purpose of checkpoint mechanism.
8. (a) Where does a DBMS store persistent data? How does it bring data into main
memory for processing? What DBMS component reads and writes data from
main memory, and what is the unit of I/O?
(b) How is data organized in a hash-based index? When would you use a hash-based
index?
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Set No. 3
Code No: N0321 /R07

Engineering )
Time: 3 Hours
Max Marks: 80
*******
1. (a) What are the responsibilities of a DBA? If we assume that the DBA is never
interested in running his or her queries, does the DBA still need to understand
query optimization? Why?
(b) What is a view? What is data independence? In what way view is related to data
independence?
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2. (a) Briefly describe about aggregations.

(b) With an example, describe the difference between tuple relational calculus and
domain relational calculus.
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3. (a) What is the difference between a candidate key and the primary key for a given
relation? What is a super key? Give examples for each.
(b) What is a foreign key constraint? Why are such constraints important? What is
referential integrity?
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4. What are triggers? What are the uses of triggers? Explain the difference between
triggers and integrity constraints, and describe when you would use triggers over
integrity constraints and vice versa.
5. (a) What is decomposition and how it addresses redundancy? What problems may be
caused by the use of decomposition?
(b) What is BCNF? What is the motivation for putting a relation in BCNF? What is
the motivation for 3NF? In what way 3NF is different from BCNF.
6. (a) What is concurrency control component? With an example, briefly describe
concurrent executions.
(b) What is conflict equivalent? Briefly describe view serializability.
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Set No. 3
Code No: N0321 /R07
7. (a) What is buffer management? Briefly describe Operating systems role in buffer
management.
(b) What is dirty page table? Briefly describe ARIES recovery method.
8. (a) What is the drawback of ISAM index structure and how B+ tree index structures
provide solution? Briefly describe the characteristics of B+ tree index structure.
(b) How is data organized in a tree-based index? When would you use a tree-based
index?
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Set No. 4
Code No: N0321 /R07

Engineering )
Time: 3 Hours
Max Marks: 80
*******
1. (a) With a neat diagram, briefly describe the architecture of a DBMS.

(b) What is WAL Property, and with an example, briefly describe its importance.
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2. (a) With an example, briefly describe Entity vs Relationship and Entity vs Attribute.
(b) What is class hierarchy? What are overlap constraints and covering constraints?
What are the two basic reasons for identifying subclasses?
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3. (a) Define the following terms: relation schema, relational database schema,
domain, attribute, attribute domain, relation instance, relation cardinality, and
relation degree.
(b) Does the relational model, as seen by an SQL query writer, provide physical and
logical data independence? Explain.
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4. What are null values are they supported in the relational model? With examples and
syntax, briefly describe SQL aggregate operators.
5. (a) What is attribute closure? Briefly describe about Armstrongs axioms.

(b) What is dependency? Briefly describe about multivalued dependencies and
Fourth Normal Form.
6. (a) What is transaction? Briefly describe the state diagram of a transaction.
(b) What is a shadow copy? Briefly describe the shadow copy technique for
atomicity and durability.
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Code No: N0321 /R07
Set No. 4
7. (a) What is log? What are the fields of update log records? Briefly describe the log
based recovery.
(b) What is buffer management? Briefly describe Logrecord buffering and Database
buffering.
8. (a) What is clustered index? What is a primary index? How many clustered indexes
can you build on a file?
(b) What is overflow page? With a neat diagram, briefly describe ISAM index
structure.
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Set No. 1
Code No: M0424 /R07

DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING
(Electronics & Communication Engineering)
Time: 3 Hours
Max Marks: 80
*******
1. (a) Differentiate between uniform sampling & Non-uniform sampling?

(b) Explain about different fields that use Digital image Processing.
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2. Define 2-D Fourier transform and its inverse. State and prove the following properties
of 2-D Fourier transform.
(i)Translation
(ii) Distributive
(iii)Scaling
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3. (a) What is meant by image subtraction? Discuss variation area of application of

image subtraction
(b) Explain about sharpening filters?
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4. (a) Explain the basics of filtering in the frequency domain.

(b) Explain how Laplacian is implemented in frequency domain
5. Discuss about full color image processing

6. (a) What is meant by image degradation? Discuss various possibilities for image
degradation.
(b) Explain about Constrained least SQUARES restoration?
7. What are the basic types of gray level discontinuities in a digital image and how they
are detected?
8. (a) Explain different types of redundancies?
(b) Consider an 8-pixel line of gray scale data {12, 12, 13, 13, 10, 13, 57, and 54},
which has been uniformly quantized with 6-bit accuracy construct its 3-bit IGS
code.
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Set No. 2
Code No: M0424 /R07

Time: 3 Hours
Max Marks: 80

*******
1. (a) Explain about image sampling and image quantization process.
(b) Define Spatial and grey level resolution.
2. (a) Explain the basic principles of KL transforms. What are its applications?
(b) Obtain the slant transforms matrix For N=8.
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3. Define histogram of a digital image. Explain how histogram is useful in image

enhancement?
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4. explain about following smoothing frequency domain filters

(a) Low Pass Spatial Filtering
(b) Median Filtering.
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5. Explain about Pseudo color image processing?
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6. What is the need for diagonalization of circulant matrices? Explain the diagonalization of
circulant matrices.
7. (a) How edge detection is done by derivative operators? Explain?

(b) Explain about Global Processing using Hough Transform?
8. Develop an arithmetic code for a given data and message sequence: aeiou!
Symbol
a
e
i
o
u
!
Probability
0.2
0.3
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
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Set No. 3
Code No: M0424 /R07

Time: 3 Hours
Max Marks: 80

*******
1. (a) What is meant by a digital image? Explain how digital images can be represented.
(b) Explain about components of an image processing system
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2. (a) Obtain the Haar transforms matrix For N=4 with a procedure.
(b) Write short notes on Hadamard transform.
3.
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Explain about the following point processing operation in spatial domain with a simple
binary image of 4*4 sizes.
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i) Image negative
iii) Gray level slicing
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ii) contrast stretching

iv) bit plane slicing
4. Explain the sharpening and smoothing methods for frequency domain
5. (a) What are different color models? Explain?

(b) What is meant by Luminance, brightness, Radiance & trichromatic Coefficients.
6. (a) Define image restoration. Derive the degradation model for discrete functions.
(b) Explain about algebraic approach to image restoration.
7. (a) Explain about Global Processing using Graph Theoretic Techniques.
(b) What is meant by optimal Thresholding? Explain?
8. (a) Draw the general compression system model & Explain?
(b) Explain about Coding Redundancy?
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Set No. 4
Code No: M0424 /R07

Time: 3 Hours
Max Marks: 80
*******
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1. Explain about fundamental steps in Image Processing with neat diagram?
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2. (a) Explain how Fourier transforms are useful in digital image processing?
(b) Explain the properties of Fourier transform.
3. Briefly explain about image enhancement using point processing techniques.
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4. Differentiate between spatial domain and frequency domain enhancement techniques.

5. Explain about the CMY and CMYK color models in detail.
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6. (a) Enumerate the differences between image enhancement and image restorations.
(b) Explain the effect of diagonalization in the degradation model.
7. (a) What is meant by edge in a digital image?

(b) State and explain various edge detection techniques with suitable examples.
8. (a) Discuss approaches for implementing first and second order digital derivatives for
the detection of edges in the image.
(b) Explain about region based segmentation.
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Code No: M0425 / R07
Set No. 1

SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS
Time: 3 Hours
1.
Max Marks: 80

*******
(a) List out the various frequency bands used in satellite communication and Discus
the applications of satellites.
[8]
(b) Mention the merits and demerits of satellite communications.
[8]
2. (a) Define the following

i) time of perigee
ii) mean anomaly
iii) first point of Aries
iv) look angles
(b) Discuss the orbital effects in communication system performance.
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[8]
[8]
3.
(a) Explain orbit control techniques with a neat block diagram.

(b) Explain about redundancy configuration of power generation.
[8]
[8]
4.
(a) Derive the general link design equation for a satellite.

[8]
(b) In a satellite link, the propagation loss is 200 dB. Margins and other losses account
for another 3dB. The receiver [G/T] is 11dB and the [EIRP] is 45 dBW.
Calculate the received [C/N] for a system band width of 36 MHz.
[8]
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5. (a) Compare the performance characteristics of FDMA, TDMA and CDMA.

[8]
(b) Determine how many carriers can access an 80 MHz transponder in FDMA mode,
given the each carrier requires a bandwidth of 6 MHz allowing for 6.5 dB output
back off. Compare this number with the number of carriers possible without back
off.
[8]
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6. (a) Explain different tracking techniques used in tracking satellite with a large
antenna.
[10]
(b) Draw the characteristic of FM threshold extension demodulation for TV receiver.
[6]
7. (a) Discuss the following factors that influence the design of satellite communication.
i)
Incremental Growth
ii)
Interim operation.
[8]
(b) Write short notes on Ellipso constellation design.
[8]
8.
(a) Write short notes as Differential GPS.

(b) Explain GPS receiver operation.
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Set No. 2
Code No: M0425 /R07

Time: 3 Hours
Max Marks: 80

*******
1. (a) Discuss the historical back ground of satellite communications
(b) Write brief notes on US Expandable launch vehicles.
[8]
[8]
2. (a)Discuss the following orbital perturbations

(i)
Effects of earths oblations
(ii)
Effects of the Sun and Moon
[8]
(b) Calculate the slant range of a geostationary satellite orbiting at 42,200 km from an
earth station making an elevation angle of 250. Also find the viewing angle of the
satellite
[8]
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3. How does the satellite maintain its orbit? With a neat block diagram, explain orbit
control techniques.
[16]
4. (a) Derive an expression for C/N ratio in terms of the figure of merit of an earth station.
[8]
(b) A satellite carrying an 11.7 GHz continuous wave (CW) beacon transmitter is located
in geosynchronous orbit 38,000 km from an earth station. The beacons output power
is 200 MW, and it feeds an antenna with an 18.9 dB gain toward the earth station. The
earth station receiving antenna is 12 ft in diameter and has an aperture efficiency of 50
percent.
(i)
Calculate the Satellite EIRP in dBW
(ii)
Calculate the receiving antenna gain in dB
(iii) Calculate the path loss in dB
(iv)
Calculate the received signal power in watts.
`
[8]
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5. (a) Explain the principle of CDMA satellite system.

[8]
(b) Discuss briefly how the demand assignment may be implemented in a TDMA
network. What is the advantage of TDMA over FDMA in this respect?
[8]
6. (a) Draw and explain the block diagram of uplink equipment for transmitting portion of
FDM/FM/FDMA system.
[8]
(b) Discuss the various effects due to interference of signal at earth station.
[8]
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Set No. 2
Code No: M0425 /R07

7. (a) Explain the following
Sun synchronous orbit
(b) Discuss the delay and through put considerations in brief.
[8]
[8]
8. (a) Draw the block diagram of C/A code generator and explain its operator
(b) Explain GPS receiver operation.
[8]
[8]
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Code No: M0425 /R07
Set No. 3

Time: 3 Hours
Max Marks: 80

*******
1. (a) Explain the Ground Segment of a satellite communication.
(b) Discuss the future trends of satellite communications.
[8]
[8]
2. (a) Define keplers law of orbiting bodies and derive an equation to show that the
third law is true for any orbiting satellite.
[8]
(b) Explain the effect of solar eclipse on the performance of geostationary satellite.
[8]
3. (a) What is Telemetry? Explain the way by which various parameters in and around
the satellite are measured using telemetering.
[8]
(b) Explain how the power is generated in satellites.
[8]
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4. (a) Derive the friis transmission equation for the power received by earth station.
[8]
(b) In a satellite link, the propagation loss is 200 dB and other losses are 3dB. The
receiver G/T is 11dB/k and the EIRP is45 dBW. Calculate the received C/N for
an FDM backward consisting of 96 voice channels.
[8]
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5. (a) Explain the working of direct sequence CDMA.

[8]
(b) Calculate the frame efficiency of a TDMA frame of period 2.2 ms.
[8]
Total frame length
= 1,28,000 Seconds
Guard interval
= 110 Symbols
No. of Traffic bursts = 141 frame
No. of reference bursts = 1 / frame
CDC during reference burst = 10 symbols
No. of preamble symbols
= 208
Calculate the channel capacity of the link if the data is transmitted at 64 kbps
with QPSK modulation.
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Code No: M0425 /R07
Set No. 3
6. (a) Explain the various tracking techniques with neat diagrams.

(b)Draw the simplified diagram of large earth stations equipment using
FDM/FM/FDMA technology and explain its operation.
[8]
[8]
7. (a)Explain the flowing in brief

(i)
Molniya orbit
(ii)
Off axis scanning
(b) Discuss the determination of optimum orbital Altitude.
[8]
8. (a) Explain the satellite signal acquisition in brief.
(b) Explain the operation of GPS receiver
[8]
[8]
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Set No. 4
Code No: M0425 / R07

Time: 3 Hours
1.
2.
Max Marks: 80

*******
(a) Mention the important milestones in the development of satellite communications. [8]
(b) List out the advantages and disadvantages of satellite communications.
[8]
(a) Define the following with respect to a satellite
(i) Eccentricity
(ii) Earth station look angles
(iii) Sub satellite point (iv) Mean anomaly
[8]
(b) A Satellite is orbiting at 28,300 km apogee with an eccentricity of 0.3. What is the
[8]
perigee distance and average orbiting period. Assume g = 3.98 105 Km3 / s 2 .
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3.
(a) What is tracking? Explain how tracking is implemented in satellite.

[8]
(b) Draw the block diagram for simplified double conversion Transponder for 14/11 GHz
and explain its operation.
[8]
4.
(a) Explain the following

(i) G/T ratio of an Earth Station
(ii) Back off in a power amplifier
[6]
(b) An earth station transmitter at 5-62 GHz from an antenna of 6 m. The transmitter
generates an output of 8KW. The satellite is 39,920 km from earth station. Efficiency
of transmitting antenna being 0.7, Calculate (i) path loss (ii) Transmitting gain
(iii) Transmitting power (iv) EIRP (v) Received power at the satellite
[10]
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5.
(a) Compare the performance characteristics of TDMA, FDMA and CDMA

[6]
(b) Show that the ratio of uplink power to bit rate is same for FDMA and TDMA [10]
6.
(a) Write short notes on Large Cassegrain Antenna

[8]
(b) Draw the block diagram of Frequency Reuse feed system for 6/4 GHz and explain its
operation.
[8]
7.
(a) Explain about inclined orbits in detail with neat diagrams.

(b) Discuss the elevation angle considerations.
[8]
[8]
8.
(a) Explain the principle of GPS position location.

(b) Write short notes on C/A code GPS receiver
[8]
[8]
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Set No. 1
Code No: N0522 /R07

EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
(Common to Computer Science & Engineering and Information Technology)
Time: 3 Hours
1.
2.
3.
Max Marks: 80

*******
(a) Briefly explain the sources that can be used to gather embedded
systems design information.
(b) What is an element of the embedded system architecture? Give
four examples of architectural elements.
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[8]
[8]
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(a) Explain which bits in which registers must be set to give the serial
data interrupt to the highest priority.
[8]
(b) When used in multiprocessing, explain which bit in which register
is used by a transmitting 8051 to signal receiving 8051s that an
interrupt should be generated.
[8]
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(a) Explain about rotate and swap operations by taking into

consideration of register A.
[8]
(b) Assume that register A has packed BCD. Write an assembly
language program to convert packed BCD to two ASCII numbers
and place them in R2 and R6. Also write comment on this.
[8]
4.
(a) Explain with suitable example, how to perform unconditional

jumps using relevant mnemonics.
[8]
(b) Write an assembly language program for the data given below:
If the lower nibble of any number placed in A is larger than the upper
nibble, set the C flag to 1, otherwise clear it. Place comments on each
line of code.
[8]
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Code No: N0522/R07

5.
6.
7.
Set No. 1
With the aid of neat diagram the design approach for serial data
communication with 8051 microcontroller based embedded system. Write
down the necessary program.
[16]
(a) What is Kernel? Explain the importance of Kernel in an embedded
system design.
(b) Explain how normal Kernel differs from RTOS Kernel.
[8]
[8]
With suitable embedded system example, explain how laboratory tools are
utilized for design using RTOS.
[16]
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8. (a) What are the various Embedded System high-performance

processors?
(b) Give the features and a comparison of exemplary high
performance ARM family of processors.
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Set No. 2
Code No: N0522 /R07

EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
Time: 3 Hours
Max Marks: 80
*******
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1. (a) Name and describe the four development models which most
embedded projects are based upon.
(b) Explain in brief about five challenges commonly faced when
designing an embedded system.
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[8]
[8]
2. (a) What components are normally put together with the microcontroller
into a single chip? Explain.
[8]
(b) What is a SFR? Can you identify the bit addressable SFRs from their.
addresses?
[4]
(c) Find the time a timer in mode1 to overflow if initially set to 03Aeh
with a6MHz crystal.
[4]
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3. (a) Write notes on bit-addressable control registers.

(b) Write an assembly language program to find a number that when
XORed to the A register results in the number 3Fh in A. Also write
comment on this.
[8]
[8]
4. (a) Explain with suitable example, how to perform byte jumps using
relevant mnemonics.
[8]
(b) Write an assembly language program for the data given below:
Find the address of the first two internal RAM locations between 20h
and 60h which contain consecutive numbers. If so, set the carry flag to
1, else clear the flag. Place comments on each line of code.
[8]
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Set No. 2
Code No: N0522 /R07
5. With the aid of neat diagram the design approach of interfacing Digital-toAnalog converter to8051 microcontroller based embedded system. Write
[16]
6. (a) Explain briefly the Memory Managing strategies for an embedded
system.
(b) Explain how the RTOS handle the Interrupt Source Call.
[8]
[8]
7. (a) What are the various Embedded Software Development Tools

available for testing Host and Target machines? Explain in brief.
[8]
(b) Explain the procedure for getting embedded software into the target
System.
[8]
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8. Differentiate the advanced Processor architectures (ARM and SHARC) with

respect to various important features.
[16]
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Set No. 3
Code No: N0522 /R07

EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
Time: 3 Hours
Max Marks: 80

*******
1. (a) Explain why is the architecture of an embedded system important.
(b) Draw the layered embedded system model and explain about each
layer.
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[8]
[8]
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2. (a) With a diagram, show the memory mapping of the 8051

microcontroller.
[8]
(b) Find the baud rate for the serial port in mode0 for a 6MHz crystal.
[4]
(c)Find the largest possible time delay for a timer in mode1 if a 12MHz
crystal is used.
[4]
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3. (a) List out and briefly explain the Boolean bit-level operations.
[8]
(b) Write an assembly language program to double the number in register
R2 and put the result in registers R3 (high byte) and R4 (low byte).
Also write comment on this.
[8]
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4. (a) Explain with suitable example, how to perform bit jumps using relevant
mnemonics.
[8]
(b)Write an assembly language program for the data given below:
The number A6h is placed somewhere in external RAM between
locations 0100h and 0200h. Find the address of that location and put
that address in R6 (LSB) and R7 (MSB). Place comments on each line
of code.
[8]
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Set No. 3
Code No: N0522 /R07
5. With the aid of neat diagram the design approach of interfacing with
keyboard with Display unit to 8051 microcontroller based embedded system.
Write down the necessary program.
[16]
6. Explain the various interrupt routines in RTOS environment with proper
illustrations.
[16]
7. Explain the design approach of an embedded system for saving Memory and
Power using RTOS environment.
[16]
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8. (a) Explain the design approach of an Elevator Controller.

(b) Write notes on Internet-Enabled Systems.
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Set No. 4
Code No: N0522 /R07

EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
Time: 3 Hours
Max Marks: 80

*******
1. (a) Define an embedded system architecture and discuss the impact of
Architecture
[8]
(b) Draw the embedded system design and development life cycle model and
briefly explain.
[8]
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2. (a) Port 0 has open drain outputs. Ports 1, 2, and 3 have internal pull-ups.
What does this mean?
[8]
(b) Why is such an odd crystal frequency of 11.0592 MHz used so often
for 8051 microcontroller designs? Also give some typical baud rates for
an11.0592 crystal.
[8]
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3. (a) Explain the bit-level logical operations with suitable examples.

[8]
(b) Write an assembly language program to OR the contents of port 1 and 2
and put the result in external RAM location 0100h. Also write comment
on this.
[8]
4. (a) Explain about the jump and call program ranges with suitable
diagram.
[8]
(b)Write an assembly language program for place any number in internal
RAM location 3Ch and increment it until the number equals 2Ah using
the necessary mnemonics. Place comments on each line of code.
[8]
5. With the aid of neat diagram the design approach of interfacing Analog-toDigital converter to8051 microcontroller based embedded system. Write
[16]
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Code No: N0522 /R07
Set No. 4
6. (a) Briefly explain the different Timer Functions.

(b) Explain the events in RTOS.
[8]
[8]
7. (a) Explain the role of Linker or Locators for embedded software.

[8]
(b) Briefly explain the Debugging Techniques employed in an embedded
system.
[8]
8. With the aid of CAN bus protocol receiver architecture explain the various
modules associated with it.
[16]
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Set No. 1
Code No: M0822 /R07

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING PLANT DESIGN AND ECONOMICS
(Chemical Engineering)
Time: 3 Hours
Max Marks: 80
*******
1. (a) Explain the different steps involved in the development of a process design.
(b) Describe the various types of flow diagrams.
[10+6]
2. (a) Write about factors effecting investment and production costs.
(b) What are the different types of capital cost estimates? Explain briefly. [10+6]
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3. (a) Write about the various forms of compartmentalization for presenting capital
investment estimates.
(b) Give a brief account of the fixed charges and plant overhead costs in
estimating total product cost.
[8+8]
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4. (a) Derive the expression for the relation between amount of ordinary annuity and
periodic payments for the case of discrete cash flow and interest compounding,
and also for the case of continuous cash flow and interest compounding.
(b) An annuity due is being used to accumulate money. Interest is compounded at
an effective annual rate of 8% and Rs. 1000 is deposited at the beginning of
each year. What will the total amount of the annuity due be after 5 years?
[8+8]
5. (a) Discuss briefly about property taxes, excise taxes, income taxes, normal tax
and surtax.
(b) Discuss about self-insurance in detail.
[10+6]
6. (a) Explain sum-of-years-digits method and sinking fund method for determining
depreciation.
(b) The original value of a piece of equipment is Rs. 22,000, completely installed
and ready for use. Its salvage value is estimated to be Rs. 2000 at the end of a
service life estimated to be 10 years. Determine the asset value of the
equipment at the end of 5 years using (i) Straight-line method, (ii) Text book
declining-balance method and (iii) Double-declining balance method. [6+10]
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Set No. 1
Code No: M0822 /R07
7. (a) Write about payout period for profitability analysis

[6+10]
(b) A proposed chemical plant will require a fixed-capital investment of Rs.
10,00,000. It is estimated that the working capital will amount to 25% of the
total investment and annual depreciation costs are estimated to be 10% of the
fixed-capital investment. If the annual profit will be Rs. 3,00,000, determine
the standard percent return on the total investment and the minimum payout
period.
8. Describe the general procedure for determining optimum conditions, both analytical
and graphical procedures, with one variable and with two or more variables. Give a
comparison of graphical and analytical methods.
[16]
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Set No. 2
Code No: M0822 /R07

Time: 3 Hours
Max Marks:80
*******
1. (a) What are the various factors to be considered for a proper pant layout? Why is it
important to have a proper plant layout?
(b) Discuss the various methods of preparation of plant layout.
[10+6]
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2. (a) Define cost index. Explain different types of cost indexes.

(b) Write about the detailed-item estimate method and unit-cost estimate method for
estimating capital investment.
[8+8]
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3. Give a detailed account of the direct production costs involved in the estimation of
total product cost.
[16]
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4. (a) What is an annuity? Obtain the relation between amount of ordinary annuity and
periodic payment for discrete cash flow and interest compounding.
(b) A piece of equipment has an initial installed value of Rs. 12,000. It is estimated
that its useful life period will be 10 years and its scrap value at the end of the
useful life will be Rs. 2000. The depreciation will be charged as a cost by making
equal charges each year, the first payment being made at the end of the first year.
The depreciation fund will be accumulated at an annual interest rate of 6%. At the
end of the life period, enough money must have been accumulated to account for
the decrease in equipment value. Determine the yearly cost due to depreciation
under these conditions.
[8+8]
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5. (a) Explain carry-back and carry-forward of losses, capital gains tax and excess
profits tax.
(b) Write about the legal responsibilities of a concern with regard to accidents or
other emergencies.
[6+10]
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Code No: M0822 /R07
Set No. 2
6. (a) Distinguish between book value, market value and replacement value.
(b) The original investment for an asset was Rs. 10,000, and the asset was assumed to
have a service life of 12 years with Rs. 2000 salvage value at the end of the service
life. After the asset has been in use for 5 years, the remaining service life and final
salvage value are re-estimated at 10 years and Rs. 1000, respectively. Under these
conditions what is the depreciation cost during the sixth year of the total life if
straight-line depreciation is used.
[6+10]
7. (a) Explain rate of return on investment for profitability analysis
(b) An investigation of a proposed investment has been made. The following result
has been presented to management: The minimum payout period based on capital
recovery using a minimum annual return of 10% as a fictitious expense is 10
years; annual depreciation costs amount to 8% of the total investment. Using this
information, determine the standard rate of return on the investment.
[6+10]
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8. Discuss about optimum production rates from an analysis of costs involved and
thereby obtain expressions for optimum production rate for minimum cost for unit of
production and for maximum total profit per unit of time.
[16]
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Code No: M0822 /R07
Set No. 3

Time: 3 Hours
Max Marks:80
*******
1. (a) What are the factors to be considered during the feasibility survey of the process
design.
(b) Describe the various types of design.
[10+6]
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2. (a) Discuss cash flow for industrial operations with the help of a neat diagram.
(b) Write briefly about fixed capital investment and working capital.
[10+6]
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3. Discuss about a) the general expenses and b) the fixed charges involved in estimation
of total product cost.
[10+6]
4. (a) Explain perpetuities and capitalized cost with an example. Derive the expression
for capitalized cost.
[8+8]
(b) A new piece of completely installed equipment costs Rs. 12,000 and will have a
scrap value of Rs. 2000 at the end of its useful life. If the useful-life period is 10
years and the interest is compounded at 6% per year, what is the capitalized cost
of the equipment?
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5. (a) Explain normal tax, surtax, capital gains tax and excess profits tax.
[8+8]
(b) Write about the major insurance requirements for manufacturing concerns.
6. (a) Explain the straight-line method and declining balance method for determining
depreciation.
(b) The initial cost of the completely installed reactor is Rs. 60,000, and the salvage
value at the end of the useful life is estimated to be Rs. 10,000. Excluding
depreciation costs for the reactor, the total annual expenses for the plant are Rs.
100,000. How many years of useful life should be estimated for the reactor if 12%
of the total annual expenses for the plant are due to the cost for reactor
depreciation? The straight-line method for determining depreciation should be
used.
[8+8]
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Code No: M0822 /R07
Set No. 3
7. A heat exchanger has been designed and insulation is being considered for the unit.
The insulation can be obtained in thickness of 1, 2, 3, or 4 in. The following data have
been determined for the different insulation thicknesses:
Btu/h saved
Cost for installed insulation
Annual fixed charges
1 in.
300,000
Rs. 1200
10%
2 in.
3 in.
350,000 370,000
Rs. 1600 Rs. 1800
10%
10%
4 in.
380,000
Rs. 1870
10%
What thickness of insulation should be used? The value of heat is 30 paise / 1,000,000
Btu. An annual return of 15% on the fixed-capital investment is required for any
capital put into this type of investment. The exchanger operates 300 days per year.
[16]
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8. (a) Illustrate the principles of an optimum economic design by determining the

optimum thickness of insulation for a given steam pipe installation.
(b) Discuss about the intangible and practical considerations in optimum design.
(c) Discuss about the break-even chart for production schedule and its significance for
optimum analysis.
[6+4+6]
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Set No. 4
Code No: M0822/R07

Time: 3 Hours
Max Marks:80
*******
1. Discuss the important factors to be considered in selecting a location for a chemical
process plant.
[16]
2. Write briefly about the various cost factors in capital investment.
[16]
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3. Enlist the costs involved in total product cost for a typical chemical process plant
[16]
4. (a) What is present worth of an annuity? Derive the expression for the present worth
of an annuity for the case of discrete interest compounding.
(b) A heat exchanger has been designed for use in a chemical process. A standard
type of heat exchanger with a negligible scrap value costs Rs. 4000 and will have a
useful life of 6 years. Another proposed heat exchanger of equivalent design
capacity and costs Rs. 6800 but will have a useful life of 10years and a scrap value
of Rs. 800. Assuming an effective compound interest rate of 8% per year,
determine which heat exchanger is cheaper by comparing the capitalized costs.
[6+10]
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5. (a) Write about tax exemptions for dividends received, contributions, investment
credit and excess-profits tax.
(b) Write about the major insurance requirements for manufacturing concerns.
[8+8]
6. (a) Distinguish between salvage value and scrap value.

(b) A piece of equipment originally costing Rs. 40,000 was put into use 12 years ago.
At the time the equipment was put into use, the service life was estimated to be 20
years and the salvage and scrap value at the end of the service life were assumed
to be zero. On this basis, a straight-line depreciation fund was set up. The
equipment can now be sold for Rs. 10,000, and a more advanced model can be
installed for Rs. 55,000. Assuming the depreciation fund is available for use, how
much new capital must be supplied to make the purchase?
[6+10]
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Set No. 4
Code No: M0822/R07
7. A company must purchase one reactor to be used in an overall operation. Four

reactors have been designed, all of which are equally capable of giving the required
service. The following data apply to the four designs:
Fixed-capital investment
Sum of operating and
fixed costs per year (all
other costs are constant)
Design 1
Design 2
Design 3
Design 4
Rs. 10,000 Rs. 12,000 Rs. 14,000 Rs. 16,000
Rs. 3,000
Rs. 2,800
Rs. 2,3500
Rs. 2,100
If the company demands a 15% return on any unnecessary investment, which of the
four designs should be accepted?
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8. (a) Describe the general procedure for optimizing two independent variables both
analytically and graphically.
(b) The following equation shows the effect of the variables x and y on the total cost
for a particular operation:
11,900
CT = 2.33 x +
+ 1.86 y + 10
xy
Determine the values of x and y which will give the least total cost.
[8+8]
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Code No: M1021 /R07
Set No. 1

OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING
(Electronics & Instrumentation Engineering)
Time: 3 Hours
Max Marks: 80

*******
1. Distinguish the following terms
(a) Inheritance and polymorphism
(b) Dynamic binding and message passing
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2. How many data types are in java? Explain with ranges
[8+8]
[16]
3. How the keyword final can be used to prevent Overriding? Explain with an
Example
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[16]
4. Create an interface with at least one method, in its own package. Create a class in
separate package. Add a protected inner class that implements the interface. In a
third package,inherit from your class and inside a method, return an object of the
protected inner class, upcasting to the interface during the return
[16]
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5. Explain the following exceptions with the help of examples:

(a) ArithmeticException
(b) NullPointerException
(c) NumberFormatException
[6+5+5]
6. Describe the ActionEvent, the AdjustmentEvent, the ComponentEvent and the

ContainerEvent classes along with their methods and constructers .
[16]
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Code No: M1021 /R07
Set No. 1
7. Explain the following:

(a) Creating an applet
(b) Passing parameters to applets
(c) Adding graphics and colors to applets
[6+5+5]
8. Write a short notes on:

(a) Network Socket
(b) Client/Server
(c) Reserved Socket
(d) Proxy Server
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[4+4+4+4]
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Set No. 2
Code No: M1021 /R07

Time: 3 Hours
Max Marks: 80
*******
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(a) Objects and classes
(b) Data abstraction and Data encapsulation
[8+8]
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2. Explain the following terms with suitable examples

(a) this keyword
(b) garbage collection
(c) constructer
(d) access control
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[4+4+4+4]
3. (a) Discuss about Hybrid Inheritance with a suitable example

(b) Discuss about Hierarchical Inheritance with a suitable example
4.
[8+8]
List and explain various methods defined by the thread class with example
of each ?
[16]
5. What are the Checked Exceptions and Unchecked Exceptions? Explain some of
these methods with an example and also give the difference between them.
[16]
6. Briefly explain the following terms
(a) component
(b) Container
(c) Panel
(d) Window
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Set No. 2
Code No: M1021 /R07

7. (a) What is the difference between applet and an application?
(b)How do you add graphics and colors to applets
[8+8]
8. (a) How different machines in a network can be addressed

(b) What are the uses of Server Socket class? Explain each of them with an
example.
[8+8]
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Set No. 3
Code No: M1021 /R07

Time: 3 Hours
Max Marks: 80
*******
1. Explain different
programming
abstraction
mechanisms
possible
2. (a) Explain Java buzzwords in detail

(c) Write a java program to multiply the given matrices
in
object
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3. (a) When do we declare a method or class final?

(b) When do we declare a method or class abstract?
(c) Describe different levels of access protection available in java
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4. (a) What is difference between a class and interface, explain with a

suitable example
(b) Explain java.util package
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5. (a) What is a thread? Explain the concept of multithreading?

(b) Describe the life cycle of a thread?
oriented
[16]
[8+8]
[4+4+8]
[8+8]
[8+8]
6. Write a stand-alone AWT based application which creates a frame window that
responds to mouse click and key strokes
[16]
7. Explain steps involved in creating JCheckBox, JRadioButton, JButton, JLabel
[4+4+4+4]
8. (a) What is a port? What is the difference between port and socket?
(b) Explain several methods provided by URL
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Code No: M1021 /R07
Set No. 4

Time: 3 Hours
Max Marks: 80

*******
(a) Objects and classes
(b) Dynamic binding and message passing
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2. (a) what is the difference between the vector object and Array object
(b) What is the difference between a String Object and
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[8+8]
[8+8]
3. Create a 3-level inheritance hierarchy. Each class in the hierarchy should have
a finalize() method, and it should properly call the base class version of
finalize( ).Demonstrate that your hierarchy works properly
[16]
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4. (a) What is an Interface? What is the difference between class and an Interface
(b) Define a interface and implement it in class
[8+8]
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5. (a) What is a thread? Describe the life cycle of a thread?

(b) Write java program using threads which performs multiplication and addition
of the given matrices
[8+8]
6. Give class hierarchy related to Panel and Frame. Briefly Explain all the classes.[16]
7. Differentiate choice lists and scrolling lists? How will you add to an applet? Explain
with suitable examples
[16]
8. Write short notes on:
(a) TCP
(b) UDP
(c) IPAdrdress
(d) DNS
[4+4+4+4]
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Set No. 1
Code No: N1121/R07
IV B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2010

EMBEDDED AND REAL TIME SYSTEMS
( Common to Bio-Medical Engineering and Instrumentation & Control
Engineering)
Time: 3 hours
Max Marks: 80
?????
1. (a) What is an Embedded System? Why it is so hard to define?
(b) Explain about any application specific processor.
(c) Explain about any single purpose processor hardware.
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[8+4+4]
2. (a) Illustrate how program and data memory fetches can be overlapped in a Harvard architecture.
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(b) Explain briefly how to test and debug an Embedded System.
[8+8]
3. (a) Explain briefly about Synchronization among Processes.

(b) Write a note on Scheduling Processes.
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[8+8]
4. (a) What is IrDA interface? What are its advantages and limitations?
(b) Where is IEEE 1394 interface used? Explain the protocol architecture of IEEE
1394?
[8+8]
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5. (a) Explain Task scheduling and give some examples

(b) Explain about the following scheduling algorithms
i. First-in-First-out.
ii. Round-Robin with priority.
[8+8]
6. With suitable examples explain how to :

(a) Set an event flag
(b) Clear an event flag
(c) Query an event flag.
[5+5+6]
7. With suitable examples explain the importance of the Timers in the Embedded
RTOS.
[16]
8. Explain the impact of complexity of the logic on logic synthesis.
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Set No. 2
Code No: N1121/R07

Engineering)
Time: 3 hours
Max Marks: 80
?????
1. What are design challenges that an Embedded System designer faces?
[16]
2. (a) Draw and explain neatly the difference between Princeton and Harvard memory architectures?
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(b) Explain about PC parallel port signals and associated registers?
[8+8]
3. (a) Explain briefly about Synchronization among Processes.
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(b) Write a note on Scheduling Processes.
[8+8]
4. What is USB? Explain briefly about USB? Explain about the devices which can be
connected through USB? Write notes on USB Physical interface along with signal
discription.
[16]
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5. With suitable examples explain how do you:
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(a) Enable the interrupt
(b) Disable the interrupt

(c) Set the variable
(d) Access the stored resource.
[5+6+5]
6. With suitable examples explain how to:

(a) Query a Mailbox
(b) Post a message in a Mailbox
(c) Read message from a Mailbox.
[5+6+5]
7. List the various Open source embedded operating systems and explain their features.
[16]
8. Explain different general approaches to improve designer productivity with respect
to embedded system design.
[16]
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Set No. 3
Code No: N1121/R07

Engineering)
Time: 3 hours
Max Marks: 80
?????
1. Design a circuit that multiplies two matriees A and B. A is 32 matrix and
23, matrix. The multiplication works as follows.

A
B
C
A
B
G
H
I
A*G
+
B*J
A*H
+ B*K A*I + B*L

C D
= C*G + D*J C*H + D*K C*I + D*L

E F
J K L
E*G + F*J E*H + F*K E*I + F*L
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B is
[16]
2. Write short note on the following hardware units used to build Embedded Systems.
(a) Microcontrollers
(b) Microprocessors
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(c) DSP Processors.
[5+5+6]
3. (a) With neat diagrams explain how to create and Terminate Processes.
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(b) Explain difference between Moore-type FSM and Mealy - type FSM.
(c) Describe the Elevator Controller using PSM.
[5+5+6]
4. (a) Explain about Bluetooth transport protocol. Briefly explain the Bluetooth
specification and limitations.
(b) Give notes on the following Bluetooth topics
i. Piconet
ii. Scatternet.
[8+8]
5. What are the Kernal services in any operating system. Briefly explain any three
such services.
[16]
6. With suitable examples explain how to
(a) Flush a queue
(b) Post a message in front of Queue.
(c) Broadcast a queue.
[5+6+5]
7. (a) Explain the Basic features of Real Time Operating System.

(b) Explain any four VxWorks functionalities.
8. (a) Explain the system Synthesis.
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Set No. 3
Code No: N1121/R07
(b) Explain how emulators solve problems associated with simulators.

?????
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Set No. 4
Code No: N1121/R07

Engineering)
Time: 3 hours
Max Marks: 80
?????
1. What are various hardware functional blocks required to build a typical Embedded
System? Briefly explain their features and functionality.
[16]
2. (a) Explain briefly about register set in microprocessor.
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(b) What is the difference between pipelined dish cleaning and nonpipelined dish
cleaning?
(c) Draw and explain design of any microcontroller of your choice.
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[4+4+8]
3. (a) Explain about HCFSM and the Statecharts Language.
(b) Write and explain general template for capturing a state machine in a sequential programming language.
[8+8]
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4. (a) Explain about Bluetooth transport protocol. Briefly explain the Bluetooth
specification and limitations.
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(b) Give notes on the following Bluetooth topics

i. Piconet
ii. Scatternet.
[8+8]
5. What are the Kernal services in any operating system. Briefly explain any three
such services.
[16]
6. With suitable examples explain how to:
(a) Post a message in a Message Queue
(b) Read a message from message queue
(c) Show queue waiting list.
[5+5+6]
7. (a) Explain the difference between pre-emptive and non-pre-emptive operating

systems.
(b) What are the objects of Operating System Kernel.
[8+8]
8. (a) What is an Emulator? Explain various types of emulators.

(b) What are the advantages of using an In-Circuit-Emulator?
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Set No. 1
Code No: M1124/R07

MEDICAL INFORMATICS
(Bio-Medical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours
Max Marks: 80
?????
1. Describe the Patient Care Components in Selected Information Systems used in
hospitals.
[16]
2. What are the different types of users? Justify that the Users are essential in any
information-processing system.
[16]
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3. Describe the role of computers in various medical imaging techniques.
[16]
4. (a) What are the Computer Applications in Hospital Pharmacy?
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(b) Explain the Processes in the Hospital Pharmacy.
[8+8]
5. (a) Explain the modes of decision output to physician.
(b) List the different sources of data for decision making.
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[8+8]
6. Explain the computer applications in health care by Scheme of levels of complexity.

[16]
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7. Describe the role of computers in ultrasound imaging with neat block diagram.[16]
8. (a) Describe the functions of an EDP project.
(b) Explain the problems during EDP project.

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Set No. 2
Code No: M1124/R07

MEDICAL INFORMATICS
Time: 3 hours
Max Marks: 80
?????
1. (a) Explain the need for computerisation in hospitals
(b) Explain the online and offline functions of patient billing and accounting.
[8+8]
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2. Write short notes on the following term related to Digital Networks:

(a) Transparent network communications
(b) Addressing and routing software
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(c) Creating and maintaining reliable data communication

(d) Correct termination of connections.
[4+4+4+4]
3. Elaborate on Computer-based patient record in primary care and omputer-based

patient record in specialty care.
[16]
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4. (a) Explain the role of Clinical Departmental System in Endocranology - diabetes.
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(b) Explain the role of Clinical Departmental System in Hematology - hemophilia.

[8+8]
5. (a) Justify that the decision-making by a clinician is a highly intellectual activity?

(b) Explain how an interactive computer system directly assist the health care
professionals.
[8+8]
6. (a) Discuss the computerized HOLTER ECG with neat block diagram.
(b) Explain the computer assisted patient monitoring.
[8+8]
7. Write a short note on following:

(a) Computerized cytology and Histology
(b) Computerized SEMEN Analysis.
[10+6]
8. (a) Describe the different benefits of information system.

(b) Explain the costs of information system.
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Set No. 3
Code No: M1124/R07

MEDICAL INFORMATICS
Time: 3 hours
Max Marks: 80
?????
1. (a) How have patient-care systems evolved during the last three decades?
(b) How have patient-care systems influenced the process and outcomes of patient
care?
[8+8]
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2. (a) Why are patient-care systems essential to the computer-based patient record?
How can they be differentiated from the computer-based patient record itself?
(b) Write short notes on Serum analysis.
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3. Explain the following terms:

(a) Time-oriented medical record
(b) Patient centered medical record.
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4. Explain Clinical Departmental System in Neurology.
[12+4]
[8+8]
[16]
5. (a) How does production rules system useful in computer assisted medical decision.
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(b) Explain the cognitive models in detail.
[6+10]
6. (a) Explain the cascade model for system development with neat block diagram.
(b) Write the goals of hospital information model (HIM).
[8+8]
7. Write a short note on following:

(a) Television camera.
(b) Charge coupled devises(CCD).
[8+8]
8. (a) Describe the functions of an EDP project.

(b) Explain the problems during EDP project.
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Set No. 4
Code No: M1124/R07

MEDICAL INFORMATICS
Time: 3 hours
Max Marks: 80
?????
1. What are the important issues for collecting high-quality data either automatically
or manually in the intensive-care unit?
[16]
2. Explain Information Processing System with block diagram.
[16]
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3. Write short notes on:

(a) ICD-O
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(b) CPT
(c) ICPM
(d) RCC.
[4+4+4+4]
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4. (a) Explain briefly about the approaches in Formalizing Nursing Knowledge.

(b) Explain how a Multidisciplinary Collaboration using Linear regression approach enhances the Knowledge base in Nursing Information Systems. [6+10]
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5. (a) What is meant by Data Redundancy and Classify the data redundancy in
detail?
(b) Explain the advantages of computerized hospitals.
[8+8]
6. How does Data Base Management System (DBMS) assist the patient in medical
research and management.
[16]
7. Write short notes on following:
(a) Image acquisition
(b) Image quantization.
[8+8]
8. How does public telephone network interchange the data between two computers
and mention the advantages and disadvantages.
[16]
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Set No. 1
Code No: M2122/R07

COMPUTATIONAL AERODYNAMICS
(Aeronautical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours
Max Marks: 80
?????
1. (a) How Computational Fluid Dynamics is helpful as a research tool? Illustrate
with an example?
(b) How Computational Fluid Dynamics is useful as a design tool? Illustrate with
an example?
[8+8]
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2. (a) Derive the continuity equation D/Dt + V = 0 assuming appropriate

flow model.
RRR
dV ] = 0 assuming appropriate
(b) Derive the continuity equation D/Dt [
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V
flow model.
[8+8]
3. (a) Why computational fluid dynamics makes a distinction between conservation

and non-conservation forms of governing equations? Explain with examples.
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(b) Why integral form of governing equations can be considered as more fundamental than differential form? Discuss with examples.
[8+8]
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4. Discuss the mathematical and physical behavior of flows governed by hyperbolic

equations with an example of steady, inviscid, supersonic flow over a two-dimensional
circular-arc airfoil.
[16]
5. Consider the diffusion equation given by

Nicolson formulation.
u
t
= xu2 . Write an implicit Crank

[16]
6. Show that with a generalized coordinate transformation, the equation

u
+
= 0 many be expressed as U
+ V
= 0 where U = UJ , V =
x
y
U = ux + y , V = ux + y .
V
J
and
[16]
7. (a) What is the difference between structured grid and unstructured grid?
(b) Write a short note on principle of structured mesh generation.
[8+8]

(a) Elliptic grid
(b) Parabolic grid
(c) Hyperbolic grid.
[5+5+6]
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Set No. 2
Code No: M2122/R07

Time: 3 hours
Max Marks: 80
?????
1. (a) Compare relative advantages and disadvantages of theoretical, experimental
and computational approaches in solving fluid flow problems.
(b) Discuss any one application of computational fluid dynamics in aerospace industry.
[8+8]
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L
2. (a) Derive the continuity equation D /Dt + =0 assuming appropriate

flow model. Convert this equation to conservation form.
R
O
(b) What are the different types of temperature boundary conditions that are
generally prescribed on the surface of a body in viscous flows?
[10+6]
3. Write short notes on the following:
W
U
(a) Strong and weak conservation forms of governing equations.

(b) Shock capturing method.
[8+8]
4. Explain the mathematical and physical behavior of flows governed by elliptic equations with an example of a steady, subsonic, inviscid flow. Discuss about Newmann
and Dirichlet boundary conditions.
[16]
T
N
5. (a) Explain consistency, convergence, stability criteria.

(b) Write a short notes on finite difference method with a neat sketch of the spatial
discretization.
[8+8]
u
+
+ V
x
y
U = ux + y , V = ux + y .
V
J
and
[16]
[8+8]
8. (a) What is hyperbolic grid generation? Explain its advantages and applications.
(b) How to form hyperbolic grid by using cell area (jacobian) method?
?????
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[8+8]
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Set No. 3
Code No: M2122/R07

Time: 3 hours
Max Marks: 80
?????
1. Why Computational Fluid Dynamics is important in the modern practice of fluid
dynamics? Illustrate with an example.
[16]
2. Explain conservation and non-conservation forms of governing flow equations with
illustrations from continuity equation. Comment on Integral versus differential
form of the governing flow equations.
[16]
D
L
R
O
(a) Strong and weak conservation forms of governing equations.

(b) Shock capturing method.
[8+8]
4. Discuss the mathematical and physical behavior of flows governed by hyperbolic

equations with an example of steady, inviscid, supersonic flow over a two-dimensional
circular-arc airfoil.
[16]
W
U
5. (a) Explain consistency, convergence, stability criteria.
T
N
(b) Write a short notes on finite difference method with a neat sketch of the spatial
discretization.
[8+8]
6. What is the need of transformation of curvilinear, non uniform grid in physical

plane to rectangular grid in computational plane? And also explain why the governing equations must be transformed from (x, y) to (, ) as the new independent
variables, with suitable derivations for first and second derivatives.
[16]
7. (a) What are the available structured grid generation techniques?
(b) Explain the algebraic grid generation technique.
[8+8]

(a) Mesh quality and its significance.
(b) Impact of mesh quality on the overall numerical solution.
(c) Impact on the convergence criterion of the solution.
?????
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[5+5+6]
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Set No. 4
Code No: M2122/R07

Time: 3 hours
Max Marks: 80
?????
1. (a) What is Computational Fluid Dynamics? Explain its advantages and disadvantages?
(b) Define vector processors and parallel processors and explain their role in Computational Fluid Dynamics.
[8+8]
D
L
2. Explain conservation and non-conservation forms of governing flow equations with

illustrations from continuity equation. Comment on Integral versus differential
form of the governing flow equations.
[16]
R
O
3. Shock capturing and shock fitting are two important techniques for handling
shocks in computational fluid dynamics. Justify the statement by bringing out
their salient features and their relative merits and demerits.
[16]
W
U
4. Consider the following system of quasi-linear partial differential equations:

a1 u/x + b1 u/y + c1 v/x + d1 v/y = f1
a2 u/x + b2 u/y + c2 v/x + d2 v/y = f2
where u and v are the dependent variables, functions of x and y, and the coefficients
a1 , a2 , b1 , b2 , c1 , c2 , d1 , d2 , f1 , and f2 are functions of x,y,u, and v. Also u and v are
continuous functions of x and y. Obtain an equation for the slope of characteristics
through a point P in xy-plane using Cramers rule and use it to classify the given
system of equations.
[16]
T
N
5. Consider the diffusion equation given by

Nicolson formulation.
u
t
= xu2 . Write an implicit Crank

[16]

u
+
+ V
x
y
U = ux + y , V = ux + y .
V
J
and
[16]
[8+8]

(a) Elliptic grid
(b) Parabolic grid
(c) Hyperbolic grid.
[5+5+6]
?????
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Code No: M2322 /R07
Set No. 1

BIO ETHICS, BIO SAFETY AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 Hours
Max Marks: 80
*******
1. Give an overview of ethical issues in Biotechnology.

2. Define biosafety enumerating its various applications.
3. What are genetically modified organisms. Discuss the present status for the release of
GMO into the environment.
D
L
4. Discuss standard operating procedures necessary for good laboratory practice.
R
O
5. Define Intellectual property rights, discuss various forms of intellectual property.

6. Write notes on
(a)
Trade secrets
(b)
Copy rights
W
U
7. What do you understand by WTO? Discuss its dispute settlement system.
T
N
8. Write notes on
(a)
GATT
(b)
TRIPS
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Set No. 2
Code No: M2322 /R07

(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 Hours
Max Marks: 80
*******
1. Discuss ethical, logical and social issues related to biotechnology.

2. Describe various levels of biosafety, also discuss the criteria used for deciding various
levels of biodiversity.
D
L
3. Discuss the role of education, certification and regulatory affairs for release of GM crops.
4. Define study plan. Explain different study plans required for good laboratory practices.
R
O
5. Describe the importance of patent in biotechnological development.

6. Write notes on
(a)
Trade Mark
(b)
Plant Breeders right
W
U
7. What is intellectual property organization discuss its functions.
T
N
8. What is WTO? Discuss various treaties enforced by WTO.
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Code No: M2322 /R07
Set No. 3

(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 Hours
Max Marks: 80
*******
1. Define bioethics and give an account of its relations with other branches.
2. Discuss the biosafety issues in basic and applied research.
3. What do you understand by genetically modified organism, highlight their applications?
D
L
4. Give an overview of regulatory requirement for biologics.
R
O
5. Discuss the criteria used for applying and getting a patent.
6. Describe trade secrets also discuss its importance in Biotechnology
7. Give an overview of International Union for the protection of new varieties of plants.
W
U
8. What is GATT, mention its signatories and its different articles.
T
N
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Code No: M2322 /R07
Set No. 4

(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 Hours
Max Marks: 80
*******
1. Elucidate various applications of bioethics and also mention how it is useful for the
development of biotechnology.
2. Give an overview of various biosafety considerations in biotechnological research.
D
L
3. Elucidate the techniques used for genetic modification of organisms with their
advantages and limitations.
R
O
4. Discuss the applications of good manufacturing practices in biotechnology industry and

production system.
5. Elucidate the requirements for obtaining patent for new invention, how it varies for
different countries.
W
U
6. Discuss plant breeders rights and their applications.
T
N
7. Describe various National and International conventions related to IPR in biotechnology.
8. Define TRIPS and discuss what are the Intellectual Property Rights covered by it.
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Code No: M0122 /R07

IV B.Tech. I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2010

3. (a) What are the convergence requirements to be fulfilled in an assumed

Strains in both top and bottom portion of the column.

Code No: M0122/R07

The displacement field

(b) Strain vector

8. Write short notes on the following

Code No: M0122/R07

IV B.Tech. I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2010

A structural member, of length, 2L is subjected to axial loads at its centre and

finite element method and determine the following

Code No: M0122/R07

5. (a) Derive equilibrium equations for 2 D solid mechanics problems.

A simply supported beam of span L, is loaded with uniformly distributed load,

Write short notes on the following.

Code No: M0122/R07

IV B.Tech. I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2010

Answer any FIVE Questions

(a) Derive equilibrium equations for 2D elastic solid mechanics problem.

xx = 10 x10 5 , yy = 6 x10 5 , and xy = 3x10 4 . For plane stress case, determine

(a) What are the convergence requirements to be fulfilled in an assumed

(a) What do you mean by an isoparametric element? Explain its significance.

Code No: M0122/R07

Code No: M0122/R07

IV B.Tech. I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2010

Answer any FIVE Questions

(a) Explain the advantages and disadvantages of Finite Element Method.

Code No: M0122/R07

6. (a) Explain what is meant by an isoparametric element and its significance.

7. What do you mean by axi-symmetric problem. Explain how axi-symmetric problems

8. Write a short note on the following

Code No: M0222 /R07

IV B.Tech. I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2010

Code No: M0222 /R07

(a) What are symmetrical components? Why they are necessary?

(a) Explain methods to improve steady state stability.

(a) Derive the expression for swing equation.

Code No: M0222 /R07

IV B.Tech. I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2010

(a) Explain the necessity of power flow studies

Code No: M0222 /R07

(a) What are the merits and demerits of p.u system

(a) What do you understand by sequence network? What is their importance in

(a) State and explain the steady state stability

A generator with constant excitation supplies 25 MW through a step up transformer and

Code No: M0222 /R07

IV B.Tech. I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2010

1. (a) Prove the following relation with one example Ab KT = U

Code No: M0222 /R07

8. (a) Derive the expression for critical clearance angle

Code No: M0222 /R07

IV B.Tech. I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2010

1. (a) Define the following

All reactances are in p.u values

Code No: M0222 /R07

3. (a) Derive formula for power flows in a power system network

5. (a) Describe the applications of series reactors

6. (a) Explain the symmetrical component method to analyze an unsymmetrical system

7. (a) Derive an expression for steady state stability

Code No: N0321 /R07

IV B.Tech. I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2010