MEPC-OPRC-HNS-TG 6-3-2 Manual On Oil Pollution Section I Prevention PDF

INTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANIZATION
E
IMO
TECHNICAL GROUP OF THE MEPC ON

OPRC-HNS
6th session
Agenda item 3
MEPC/OPRC-HNS/TG 6/3/2
1 June 2007
ENGLISH ONLY
MANUALS AND GUIDANCE DOCUMENTS

Manual on Oil Pollution Section I: Prevention
Submitted by Venezuela
SUMMARY
Executive summary:
This document provides information to assist the Technical Group in

reviewing and updating the Manual on Oil Pollution Section I:
Prevention
Action to be taken:
Paragraph 14
Related documents:
MEPC/OPRC-HNS/TG 5/3/3; MEPC 55/WP.1
Introduction
1
The Technical Group first considered the matter of a revision to the Manual on oil
pollution, Section I Prevention at its fourth session. Following a discussion on the matter and
consideration of several options for updating the information, the Group referred the question
to MEPC 54 to seek the guidance of the Committee as to whether the Manual on Oil Pollution,
Section I - Prevention should be revised and updated or whether the existing information, as
found in the ISM Code and the MARPOL-How to do it manual, was sufficient to meet the
need. In light of the two options presented, the Committee was also invited to consider whether
the OPRC-HNS Technical Group was the right body to carry out the revision, or if this would be
better addressed by another subsidiary group of the MEPC.
2
The Committee, at its fifty fourth session, ultimately concluded that the MARPOL
How to do it manual should be reviewed and updated to include any relevant information from
the Manual on oil pollution, Section I Prevention not covered in the current edition
of MARPOL How to do it and instructed the Technical Group to initiate this review at its next
meeting.
3
Following the instructions of the Committee at MEPC 54, the Technical Group at its fifth
session, considered two submissions that re-opened the debate on the format of the information to
be produced. The first, submitted by Australia, proposed an extension of the scope of the current
MARPOL How to do it manual to address elements on prevention that were covered in the
Manual on oil pollution Section I Prevention (MEPC/OPRC-HNS/TG 5/3/3). The second was a
session paper introduced during the meeting by Venezuela, emphasizing that a revision of the
For reasons of economy, this document is printed in a limited number. Delegates are
kindly asked to bring their copies to meetings and not to request additional copies.
I:\MEPC\OPRC-HNS\TG\6\3-2.doc
-2-
Manual on oil pollution, Section I Prevention was essential and proposing a framework for the
revision process.
4
The Group, following considerable discussion, agreed that, upon further reflection, the
revision to the Manual on oil pollution, Section I Prevention was the preferred option and
referred the matter back to MEPC to seek its approval for the proposed path forward.
The Committee approved the revision, according to the parameters put forward by the Technical
Group (MEPC 55/WP.1).
5
Pending approval by MEPC 55, the Technical Group approved the creation of a
correspondence group to undertake the revision under the co-ordination of Venezuela1, and to
submit a first schematic structure of the manual to TG 6, noting that the revised manual should,
in particular:
.1
focus on prevention strategies;
.2
consider the most common requirements for oil transport and transfer in
ice-infested;
.3
include provisions for the entire range of application from point of loading to
point of unloading (point-to-point process); and
.4
focus on OPRC requirements.
6
The work of the correspondence group, co-ordinated by Venezuela, included the
participation of and contributions from New Zealand, Russian Federation, Spain, United States,
International Chamber of Shipping (ICS), Oil Companies International Marine Forum (OCIMF),
Regional Marine Pollution Emergency Response Centre for the Mediterranean Sea (REMPEC),
and the Regional Marine Pollution Emergency, Information and Training Centre for the
Caribbean (REMPEITC-Carib). Venezuela wishes to express its gratitude for the proactive
participation and excellent comments and contributions.
Discussion
7
The primary objectives of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) are the
improvement of maritime safety and the prevention of marine pollution. Due to the
international nature of the ocean shipping industry, action to improve safety in the maritime
industry would be more effective if carried out at an international level rather than by individual
nations acting unilaterally and without co-ordination with other sovereign nations.
8
Oil spills from shipping almost always attract substantial media and public attention, and
motivate new legislation. Many assessments have been made of the quantities of oil entering the
marine environment. However, in every case, these documents recognize the relatively small
contribution arising from tanker operations. A significant amount of oil spilled into the sea comes
1
Mr. Klaus Essig

Gerente de Seguridad Integral
Instituto Nacional de los Espacios Acuaticos Insulares (INEA)
Venezuelan Aquatic Authority
Tel: 58 212 909 1552, Fax:.58 212 909 1552
E-mail: seginteg@inea.gob.ve
-3-
from other sources, including seepages from the natural environment, discharges from refining,
distribution and retail operations, as well as end users of oil products.
9
The most effective means of combating oil pollution from tankers or terminal operations
is prevention. Effective prevention plans may include: improved training of personnel,
enforcement of pollution regulations, the use of best practices and building safer tankers. All of
this must be accomplished if the world is to be successful in preventing oil pollution. The bodies
of the International Maritime Organization can certainly provide guidance to the maritime
industry, which it has done successfully so many times in the past. The issue of balancing
industry requirements with environmental preservation is a difficult task that requires a sincere
commitment from all stakeholders.
10
It is essential to understand that the voyage of a tanker is the end of a complex process
where a suitable ship is matched with a cargo. The voyage will take place within a given
regulatory framework, determined in part by the State of the loading and discharge port but also
by the Flag State of the ship. The ship charterer or the cargo owner may impose additional rules
to satisfy their own policies.
11
As illustrated in Figure 1, the transport of oil by sea has different stages, with appropriate
controls and support information provides an overview of the range of application of the manual:
Range of application of the revised Manual
Figure 1 Stages of oil transport by sea

Flag State Requirements, Ship Classification,
IMO Conventions
Port State Requirements, Local, National &

Regional Response Plans, IMO Conventions
Chartering Policies and Ship screening
Cargo Owner
or Trader
Charterer
Ship Owner
or Operator
Government & Industry Databases, Industry

Associations
Load Port
Voyage
Discharge
Port
Control
Activity
Industry, Government, IMO

Support
Insurers & Ship Classification Societies
12
In the revised Manual on oil pollution, Section I Prevention it will be important to
include a chapter designed to address the most common requirements for oil transport and
transfer in ice-infested areas. However, because of the inefficiency of the response technologies
for ice-infested waters, transportation and vessel-to-vessel transfers, or from vessel to ports or
operations on terminals, will require greater caution under extreme conditions.
13
Taking into account the various requirements, as identified in the previous paragraphs, a
draft outline and proposed structure for the revised Manual, including references for sourcing the
various types of information required, is set out at annex.
-4-
Action requested of the Technical Group

14
The Technical Group is invited to:

.1
note the information provided;
.2
consider and provide comments on the outline and structure of the revised manual,
as set out at annex;
.4
endorse the continuation of work of the correspondence group; and
.5
set out a timeline for completion of the Manual.

***
ANNEX
OUTLINE AND PROPOSED CONTENT FOR THE REVISED
MANUAL ON OIL POLLUTION, SECTION I PREVENTION
N
1.
2.
2.1
2.2
Name of the Paragraph

INTRODUCTION
REQUIREMENTS FOR ALL
SHIPS
General
Bunkering Operations
Comments (Information Source)

Requires updating currently refers to OILPOL 1954.
2.5
2.5.1
Transferring fuel oil within a ship
Ballasting and deballasting of tanks

used alternately for fuel oil and water
ballast
Machinery space bilges
Machinery space precautions
2.5.2
Discharge of machinery space bilges
2.3
2.4
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
3.
3.1
3.1.1
3.1.2
3.1.3
3.1.4
3.1.5
3.1.6
3.1.7
Oily-water separating equipment and

oil filtering equipment
Fuel and lubricating oil purifiers
Oil record book
Check lists
REQUIREMENT FOR OIL

TANKERS
Oil Tanker Operations
Ballast voyage procedures
Line draining and taking on dirty

ballast
Tank washing
Loading clean ballast
Settling of dirty ballast
Disposal of dirty ballast
Slop tank discharge
Guidelines on Bunkering Operations and Ship to

Ship Cargo Transfer of Oils, subject to Annex I of
MARPOL 73/78, in the Baltic Sea Area
(HELCOM Recommendation 24/6, 2003)
United States Coast Guard Regulations
Washington State Regulations
International guidelines of the Singapore
Bunkering Procedure
European Harbour Masters Association

ISO Technical Subcommittee on Bunkering.
ISM Code, Chapter 7
Reflects Regulation 16 of revised Annex I
MARPOL. Requires updating to reflect current
15ppm discharge standard.
MEPC.1/ Circ.511, Revised Guidelines for
Systems for Handling Oily Wastes in Machinery
Spaces of Ships Incorporating Guidance Notes for
an Integrated Bilge Water Treatment System.
MARPOL How To Do It, Figure 4A of
Chapter 9
MARPOL How To Do It, Chapter 9
Only a brief general reference to the need for
checklists. Consider whether needed here. A
detailed checklist covering terminal operations is
provided in Appendix A of ISGOTT.
Annex I MARPOL 73/78

Paragraph 1.2 of Clean Seas Guide for Oil Tankers
(ICS/OCIMF, 1994)
ANNEX
Page 2
N
3.1.8
3.1.9
Final line and pump flush

Discharging clean ballast
3.1.10
Disposal of slop residues
3.2
3.3
3.4
General application of MARPOL

73/78
Dedicated clean ballast operation
(CBT)
Tank washing using crude oil
3.5
4.

Paragraph 1.10 of Clean Seas Guide for Oil
Tankers
Paragraph 1.11 of Clean Seas Guide for Oil
Tankers
Not applicable
Crude Oil Washing Systems (IMO, 2000)
ISGOTT, section 9.4, crude oil washing.
Paragraphs 1.16.
Section 3.9 of Clean Seas Guide for Oil Tankers
(ICS/OCIMF, 1994).
Energy Institute (EI), section 4.8 Crude Oil
Washing of the HM 40 Guidelines for the Crude
Oil Washing of Ships Tanks and Heating of Crude
Oil being Transported by Sea(2004)
Transfer of cargo oil

NORMAL TERMINAL
OPERATIONS
General
Requirements for berths
ISGOTT, Chapter 4, General Precautions while a

Tanker is at a Petroleum Berth
4.3
4.3.1
4.3.2
4.3.3
Requirements for facilities

Loading arms
Hoses
Control and communications
4.3.4
Shut-off devices
4.3.5
4.4
Illuminations
Preparations for operations
4.5
Performance of operations
4.6
Completion of operations
4.7
Suspension of operations
4.8
4.9
Cautionary notices
Documents
ISGOTT, section 6.7, cargo arms.

ISGOTT, section 6.6, cargo hoses.
ISGOTT, section 4.5, Communications, Chapter
5, Liaison between Tanker and Terminal before
Cargo Handling, Section 7.1 Supervision and
Control.
ISGOTT, section 7.3 Operation of Pumps and
Valves
ISGOTT, sections 4.6.3 and 6.5.4, Lighting
ISGOTT, chapters 5 Liaison Between Tanker and
Terminal Before Cargo Handling and 6
Precautions Before and During Cargo Handling
and Other cargo Tank Operations
ISGOTT, chapters 6 Precautions Before and
During Cargo Handling and Other cargo Tank
Operations and 7 Handling of Cargo and Ballast
ISGOTT, chapter 7 Handling of Cargo and
Ballast
ISGOTT, chapter 6 Precautions Before and
Operations
ISGOTT, section 4.7 (safety only)
ISGOTT, chapter 5 Liaison Between Tanker and
Terminal Before Cargo Handling
4.1
4.2
ANNEX
Page 3
N
4.10
Training
4.11
Oil spill response
ISGOTT, section 14.2.17 and 14.3.7, Training and

drills.
ISGOTT, chapter 14 Emergency Procedures,
also Section IV of the Manual on Oil Pollution.
See also Article 3(3) of OPRC 1990.
HELCOM, Recommendation 20/5, adopted
23/03/1990, Minimal ability to respond to oil
spills on oil terminals.
HELCOM, Recommendation 24/9 adopted
25/06/2003, Ensuring adequate emergency
capacity
See Articles 3(3) and 4(1)(c) of OPRC 1990.
ISGOTT section 3.6, Buoy Moorings
Recommendations for Equipment Employed in the

Mooring of Ships at Single Point Moorings
(OCIMF, 1993)
SPM Hose Ancillary Equipment Guide (OCIMF,
1987)
SPM Hose System Design Commentary (OCIMF,
1993)
Guide to Purchasing, Manufacturing and Testing of
Loading and Discharge Hoses for Offshore
Moorings (ICS/OCIMF/SIGTTO, 1999)
Guidelines for the Handling, Storage, Inspection
and Testing of Hoses in the Field (OCIMF, 1995).
Recommendations for Equipment Employed in the
Mooring of Ships at Single Point Moorings
(OCIMF, 1993)
SPM Hose Ancillary Equipment Guide (OCIMF,
1987)
SPM Hose System Design Commentary (OCIMF,
1993)
Guide to Purchasing, Manufacturing and Testing of
Loading and Discharge Hoses for Offshore
Moorings (ICS/OCIMF/SIGTTO, 1999)
Guidelines for the Handling, Storage, Inspection
and Testing of Hoses in the Field (OCIMF, 1995).
ISGOTT, section 4.5, Communications, Chapter
5, Liaison between Tanker and Terminal before
Cargo Handling, Section 7.1 Supervision and
Control.
ISGOTT, chapters 5 Liaison Between Tanker and
Terminal Before Cargo Handling and 6
Precautions Before and During Cargo Handling
and Other cargo Tank Operations
ISGOTT, chapters 6 Precautions Before and
Operations and 7 Handling of Cargo and Ballast
4.12
5.
5.1
5.2
5.2.1
Prevention, clean-up and reporting

SINGLE POINT AND BUOY
MOORING BERTHS
General
Hoses
General
5.2.2
Hose arrangements
5.3
Control and communication
5.4
Preparation for operations
5.5
ANNEX
Page 4
N
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
5.10
6.
6.1
6.2

ISGOTT, chapter 7 Handling of Cargo and

Ballast
ISGOTT, chapter 6 Precautions Before and
Operations
Training
ISGOTT, section 14.2.17 and 14.3.7, Training
and drills.
Oil spill response
ISGOTT, chapter 14 Emergency Procedures,
also Section IV of the Manual on Oil Pollution.
See also Article 3(3) of OPRC 1990.
Prevention, clean-up and reporting
See Articles 3(3) and 4(1)(c) of OPRC 1990.
TRANS-SHIPMENT OF OIL AND
OIL PRODUCTS FROM VESSEL
25/06/2003, Guideline on bunkering operations
TO VESSEL WHILE UNDERWAY
and ship to ship cargo transfer of oils in Baltic Sea
OR AT ANCHOR (LIGHTERING)
Area
Introduction
Ship-to-Ship Transfer Guide (Petroleum), Chapter
1 General Principles. Provides advice for
masters, marine superintendents and other
responsible for planning STS transfer operations.
General requirements for vessels
ITOL (Industry Taskforce on Offshore
involved in oil transfer operations
Lightering).
1990.
Industry
Lightering
Operations Supplement to OCIMF Ship to Ship
Transfer Guidelines for U.S. Gulf Coast
Galveston Zone. Houston.
ICS and OCIMF. 1997. Ship to Ship Transfer

Guide (Petroleum). London: Witherby & Co., Ltd.
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
7.
7.1
Responsible person
Lightering zone
Lightering plan
Communication systems
Equipment
Precautions against pollution
Emergency procedures
Some causes of oil spills during
lightering operations
Preparation for operations
OPERATION WITH F(P)SOs
General
7.2
Safe handling requirements
International Association of Oil & Gas Producers (OGP),

Guideline for Managing Marine Risks associated with
FPSOs, Section 6- Hydrocarbon cargo handling
International Association of Oil & Gas Producers
(OGP), Guideline for Managing Marine Risks
associated with FPSOs, Section 6- Hydrocarbon
cargo handling
ISGOTT, section 7.14
6.2.1
6.2.2
6.2.3
6.2.4
6.2.5
6.2.6
6.2.7
6.3
ANNEX
Page 5
N
7.3
Hull stress
7.4
Cargo loading plans
7.5
Cargo tank venting
Water discharge
7.7
7.7.1
Offtake / Discharging
Cargo pumping system
7.7.2
VOC Return lines
7.7.3
Discharge Plan
7.7.4
Custody transfer
7.7.5
Crude oil washing
7.7.6
Cargo tank inert system
7.8
Cargo oil heating
7.9
Types of F(P)SO operations

considered
7.6

cargo handling
cargo handling
cargo handling
ISGOTT, item 7.6.3, 2.15, 10.6.2, and 10.6.5
OCIMF, Information Paper on the Prevention of
Over and Under Pressurization of Cargo Tanks on
Oil Tankers
SOLAS II-2, Regulation 59 and 62
cargo handling
cargo handling
cargo handling
cargo handling
cargo handling
ISGOTT. Chapter 9
Crude Oil Washing Systems (IMO, 2000)
Section 3.9 of Clean Seas Guide for Oil Tankers
(ICS/OCIMF, 1994).
ISGOTT. Chapter 10
SOLAS and IMO guidance notes even if not apply
to F(P)SOs
Energy Institute (EI), section 4.8 Crude Oil
Washing of the HM 40 Guidelines for the
Crude Oil Washing of Ships Tanks and Heating
of Crude Oil being Transported by Sea(2004)
ANNEX
Page 6
N
7.9.1

General trading tankers
7.9.2
Dedicated shuttle tankers
7.9.3
7.9.4
Single point mooring

Ship to Ship transfer (STS)
7.9.5
Tandem moored Offtake
7.9.6
Tandem mooring weather vaning

F(P)SO
7.9.7
Tandem mooring spread moored

F(P)SO
7.9.8
Pilotage and support craft
7.9.9
Hose strings
7.9.10
Emergency cargo shutdown and

emergency mooring release
7.9.11
Communications

associated with FPSOs, Section 7 - Offtake
arrangements
OCIMF, Offshore Loading Safety Guidelines:
with special reference to harsh weather zones
arrangements
OCIMF, Offshore Loading Safety Guidelines
arrangements
OCIMF/ICS, Ship-to-Ship Transfer Guide
(Petroleum)
UKOOA, FPSO Committee, Tandem Loading
Guidelines - Volume 1 (FPSO Tanker Risk
Control during Offtake) and Volume 2 (The Use
of Towing Assistance for Tandem Offtake)
arrangements
arrangements
arrangements
arrangements
arrangements
arrangements
ANNEX
Page 7

Other Operations on a F(P)SO
7.10.1
Tank cleaning
7.10.2
Cargo tank purging and gas freeing
7.10
International Association of Oil & Gas

Producers (OGP), Guideline for Managing
Marine Risks associated with FPSOs,
Section 8 - Other Operations
Section 9 - Emergency response arrangements
7.10.4
Hose change-out
7.10.5
Maintenance activities
Emergency response
TRANSPORT OF OIL IN ICEINFESTED WATERS

Polar class ships
8.1
8.2
Anchoring and towing
8.3
Machinery
Operations
ISGOTT, 4th edition, OCIMF/ICS/IAPH, 1996

Chapter 10
Hose flushing
8.

cargo handling and Section 8 Other
7.10.3
7.11

IMO MSC/Circ.1056 MEPC/Circ.399,

Guidelines for ships operating in Artic ice
covered waters, Chapter 1 and table 1.1
SOLAS Regulation II-1/3-1
IACS, Unified Requirements for Polar Ships
02/03/2004, Safety of Winter Navigation in the
Baltic Sea Area.
IMO
MSC/Circ.1056
MEPC/Circ.399,
covered waters, Chapter 6
IMO
MSC/Circ.1056
MEPC/Circ.399,
covered waters, Chapter 7 and Chapter 8
IACS, Unified Requirements for Polar Ships
ANNEX
Page 8
N
8.4

Navigational equipment
8.5
Operational aspects
8.6
Environmental protection
8.7
Pilotage, Escort and Ice breaker

support in operation of large capacity
tankers in ice infested waters
8.8
8.9
8.10
9.
Route optimization in ice infested

waters
Oil spill countermeasures in ice
infested waters
Ice and weather information systems
in areas with ice infested waters
TRANSFER OF OIL IN ICEINFESTED WATERS
9.1
9.2
9.2.1
9.2.2
9.2.3
9.2.4
9.2.5
9.2.5.1
General Principles
Pre-Transfer Preparation
Notification of local authorities
Pre transfer briefing
Establishment
of
required
environmental conditions
Mooring requirements
Vessel / Facility arrangements

Valves
IMO
MSC/Circ.1056
MEPC/Circ.399,
SOLAS, Chapter V
Resolution A.824(19) on Recommendation on
Performance Standards for Devices to Indicate
Speed and Distance.
Resolution A.861(20) on Recommendation on
Performance Standards for Voyage Data
Recorders (VDRs).
Resolution A.852(20) on Guidelines for the
Structure of an Integrated System of Contingency
Planning for Shipboard Emergencies.
02/03/2004, Safety of Winter Navigation in the
Baltic Sea Area.
02/03/2004, Assessment of the need for escort
towing in tanker transport routes to prevent
accidents in the Baltic Sea Area.
Artic Council PAME, Guidelines for Transfer

of Refined Oil and Oil Products in Arctic Waters
(TROOP), 2004, Chapter 2.
25/06/2003, Guideline on bunkering operations
and ship to ship cargo transfer of oils in Baltic Sea
Area.
ANNEX
Page 9
9.2.7
9.2.8
9.3
Scuppers and freeing ports

Containment and absorbents
Accommodation areas
Navigation bridge/Shore facility
control area
Safety zone no un-authorized
personal
Communication
Hose preparation and handling
Transfer Operations
9.3.1
9.3.2
9.4
Watch standing
Emergency stop
Contingency Planning
9.4.1
Responsibility for spill response

equipment
9.2.5.2
9.2.5.3
9.2.5.4
9.2.5.5
9.2.6
9.5
Post transfer actions
9.6
Oil transfer checklist
10.
RECEPTION FACILITIES
10.1
10.2
Adequacy of Port Reception Facilities

Waste Management Strategy

(TROOP), 2004, Chapter 3

23/03/1990, Minimal ability to respond to oil
spills on oil terminals.
25/06/2003, Ensuring adequate emergency
capacity.
(TROOP), 2004, Appendix B
IMO, Comprehensive Manual on Port Reception
Facilities, adopted on 28/03/1994, MEPC 35
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INTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANIZATION

TECHNICAL GROUP OF THE MEPC ON

MANUALS AND GUIDANCE DOCUMENTS

This document provides information to assist the Technical Group in

MEPC/OPRC-HNS/TG 5/3/3; MEPC 55/WP.1

focus on prevention strategies;

focus on OPRC requirements.

Mr. Klaus Essig

Figure 1 Stages of oil transport by sea

Port State Requirements, Local, National &

Chartering Policies and Ship screening

Government & Industry Databases, Industry

Industry, Government, IMO

Insurers & Ship Classification Societies

Action requested of the Technical Group

The Technical Group is invited to:

note the information provided;

endorse the continuation of work of the correspondence group; and

set out a timeline for completion of the Manual.

Name of the Paragraph

Comments (Information Source)

Transferring fuel oil within a ship

Ballasting and deballasting of tanks

Discharge of machinery space bilges

Oily-water separating equipment and

Oil record book

REQUIREMENT FOR OIL

Line draining and taking on dirty

Loading clean ballast

Settling of dirty ballast

Disposal of dirty ballast

Slop tank discharge

Guidelines on Bunkering Operations and Ship to

European Harbour Masters Association

Annex I MARPOL 73/78

Name of the Paragraph

Comments (Information Source)

Final line and pump flush

Disposal of slop residues

General application of MARPOL

Paragraph 1.9 of Clean Seas Guide for Oil Tankers

Transfer of cargo oil

ISGOTT, Chapter 4, General Precautions while a

Requirements for facilities

ISGOTT, section 6.7, cargo arms.

Name of the Paragraph

Comments (Information Source)

Oil spill response

ISGOTT, section 14.2.17 and 14.3.7, Training and

ISGOTT section 3.6, Buoy Moorings

Recommendations for Equipment Employed in the

Prevention, clean-up and reporting

Control and communication

Preparation for operations

Name of the Paragraph

Comments (Information Source)

ISGOTT, chapter 7 Handling of Cargo and

ICS and OCIMF. 1997. Ship to Ship Transfer

Safe handling requirements

International Association of Oil & Gas Producers (OGP),

Name of the Paragraph

Comments (Information Source)