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Equipment
Valve VLV-100
Problem
The amount of pressure
released by valve VLV100 is too much for any
normal valve to handle.
If the pressure if too
high, the valve would fail
and be damaged.
Incinerator
Pump P-103
Suggestion
Considering the fact that
the pressure released is
a lot, 1500kpa, the
suggestion is that the
valve to be replaced by
a valves which are
specifically designed to
handle high pressure
such as choke valve and
hydraulic valve. Another
method to overcome this
high pressure release by
using conventional
valves is by using
multiple valves in series
to gradually release the
pressure. With pressure
being distributed
gradually across several
valves, it would be safer
and better for the
process pipeline.
There should be a liquidliquid extractor or an
azeotropic distillation to
separate the azeotropic
mixture between water
and acetic acid as they
have similar boiling
points For liquid-liquid
extraction, there are
several experiments that
have been conducted
(appendix). For
azeotropic distillation,
according to SV Gadekar
2009, entrainer can be
used in a batch
distillation of acetic acid
water system, by using
entainers such as
toluene, benzene and
ethyl acetate.
It is recommended to
use flare gas system or
flare stack. Flares are
combusted directly in
burners on stack with
sufficient height. Flares
do not have a flue gas
handling system as the
vapour to be burnt off
does not emit dangerous
chemicals into the air as
regulations are mostly
enforced when there is
release of sulphur gas
into the atmosphere.
There is no need for a
pump for the feed
Appendix
Table 1: Distribution ratios and separation factors for extraction of acetic acid
from dilute solution in water with several different solvents at 298.15 K.
Ternary system
Water + Acetic Acid +
Ethyl Acetate
Water + Acetic Acid +
Cyclohexyl Acetate
Water + Acetic Acid +
Dimethyl Phthalate
Water + Acetic Acid +
Diethyl Phthalate
Water + Acetic Acid + 1Pentanol
Water + Acetic Acid +
Ethylcyhlohexane
Water + Acetic Acid +
Isophorone
Water + Acetic Acid +
Methyl Isopropyl Ketone
Distribution
factor
1.912
Separation
factor
3.021
Literature
0.318
18.71
0.138
6.27
0.117
10.64
4.033
9.861
0.036
11.25
3.164
9.145
3.444
8.031
Reference
1. Colombo, A., Battilana, P., Ragaini, V. and Bianchi, C.L., Liquid-Liquid
Equilibria of the Ternary Systems Water+Acetic Acid+Ethyl Acetate and
Water+Acetic Acid+Isophorone (3,3,5-Trimethyl-cyclohexen-1one), J.
Chem. Eng. Data, 44, No.1, 35 (1999).
2. Sayar, A.A., Tatl, B. and Dramur, U., Liquid-Liquid Equilibria of the System
Water +Acetic Acid+Cyclohexyl Acetate Ternary, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 36,
378 (1991).
3. Dramur, U. and Tatl, B., Liquid-Liquid Equilibria of Water+Acetic
Acid+Phatalic Esters (Dimethyl Phatalate and Diethyl Phatalate) Ternaries,
J. Chem. Eng. Data, 38, No. 1, 23 (1993).
4. Fahim, M.A., Al-Muhtaseb, S.A. and Alnashef, I.M., Liquid-Liquid Equilibria
of the Ternary System Water+Acetic Acid+1-Pentanol, J. Chem. Eng. Data,
41, No. 3, 562 (1996).
5. Higashiuchi, H., Sakuragi, Y., Nakahara, S., Masamoto, H. and Arai, Y.,
Measurement and Correlation of Liquid-Liquid Equilibria for the WaterOrganic Compound-Acetic Acid Ternary Systems, Memoirs of the Faculty of
Engineering, Kyushu University, 53, No. 4, 235 (1993).
6. Correa, J.M., Blanco, A. and Arce, A., Liquid- Liquid Equilibria of the System
Water+Acetic Acid+Methyl Isopropyl Ketone Between 25 and 55 C, J.
Chem. Eng. Data, 34, No. 4, 415 (1989).
7. Gadekar S V. Narik R V & Bapat J D. Batch distillation parameters for
heterogeneous azeouopic systems. J Chem Engg World. 42 (2007) 44-50.
8. Ullmanns Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Electronic Release,
Wiley InterScience, 2007
9. Patnik T., Solid-Liquid Separation: A Guide to Centrifuge Selection, HEINKEL
Filtering Systems, Inc., American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AiCHE),
July 2012