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Experiment 8

Aim: To analyze the given salt and identify the anion and cation present in it.

S.N
O

EXPERIMENT

OBSERVATION

INFERENCE

White

Absence of copper,
cobalt, iron, nickel,
manganese.
Absence of
carbonate.

Preliminary Test
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

COLOUR
The Colour of given
salt is noted.
APPEARANCE
The appearance of the
given salt is noted
SOLUBILITY IN WATER
A little of the given salt
is dissolved in distilled
water in a test tube
ODOUR
ANION ANALYSIS
ACTION OF
DIL.SULPHURIC ACID
To a little of the substance
taken in a test tube a few
drops of dil. Sulphuric acid
is added .
ACTION OF
CONC.SULPHURIC
ACID
To a little of the substance
taken in a test tube a few
drops of conc. Sulphuric acid
is added and warmed.
Add Cu turnings to the above
and heat again.

Crystalline

Soluble
No characteristic
odour

Absence of
Carbonate.
Absence of acetate
and ammonium salts.

No characteristic
reaction

Absence of
Carbonate,sulphite,ni
trite and sulphide.

Reddish brown
vapors are evolved.

May be nitrate or
bromide.
NO3--, Br-

Dense
Reddish brown

Nitrate is present.
NO3--

8.

9.

10

11.

12.

13.

Vapours are evolved


and the solution
turns blue.
To the salt solution add equal A brown ring is
volumes of freshly prepared formed at the
ferrous sulphate solution and junction of two
a few drops of
layers.
conc.sulphuric acid on the
sides of the test tube in
drops.
CATION ANALYSIS
Original solution is prepared
by dissolving the salt in
water
ZERO
GROUP(AMMONIUM)
No characteristic
To a little of the salt sodium reaction
hydroxide solution is added
and heated
I GROUP (LEAD)
To a little of the original
No characteristic
solution dil. HCI is added.
reaction
II GROUP (COPPER)
To a little of the original
No characteristic
solution dil. HCI and
reaction
Hydrogen sulphide is added.
III GROUP
(ALUMINIUM, IRON)
To a little of the original
No characteristic
solution ammonium chloride reaction
and ammonium hydroxide
are added.
IV GROUP (ZINC,
MANGANESE, NICKEL,
COBALT)

Presence of nitrate
is confirmed.
NO3--

Absence of
ammonium
Salts.
NH4+
Absence of I group
Pb2+
Absence of II group
Cu2+

Absence of III group


Al3+, Fe3+

To a little of the original


solution ammonium chloride,
ammonium hydroxide and
hydrogen sulphide solution
are added
CONFIRMATORY TEST
To a little of the original
Solution add NaOH solution.

14.

15.

To a little of the original


Solution add potassium
ferrocyanide(K4[Fe(CN)6])
solution.

Dirty white ppt. is


obtained.

Presence of IV group
Zn2+,Mn2+,Co2+,Ni2+

White precipitate is
formed which is
soluble in excess
NaOH solution.
Bluish green ppt.is
formed.

Presence of Zinc is
confirmed
Zn2+
Presence of Zinc is
confirmed.
Zn2+

Result: The anion present in the given salt is Nitrate (NO3--) and cation is Zn+2.
The salt is Zinc Nitrate Zn(NO3)2.
(Please note below equations for cations and anion to be written on the blank
page of the journal with pencil.)
Equations:
Zn2+
1
.
2
.

Zn2+ + H2S

ZnS

+ 2H+

Zn2+ + 2 NaOH

Zn(OH)2 + 2Na+

Zn(OH)2 + NaOH

Na2ZnO2

3
.

Zn

NO3-- + H2SO4

2+

+ K4[Fe(CN)6]

Sodium Zincate
Zn2[Fe(CN)6]
+ 4K+

NO3-

+ 2H2O

2HNO3 + SO42--

.
4HNO3 + Cu
2
.

NO3-- + FeSO4 + 3H2SO4


FeSO4 + NO

Cu(NO3)2 + 2NO2

2NO

+ 2H2O

Brown
+ 3Fe2(SO4)3 + 4H2O

FeSO4.NO
Nitroso ferrous sulphate

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