Works Cited

Primary Sources
Bacterial Genome. Live Science. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 May 2016.
<http://www.livescience.com/54165-artificial-bacterium-has-smallest-genome.html>.
Primary source: This is an Image of the bacterial genome that this slide in the timeline is
discussing which makes it primary for this slide. The purpose of this image is to provide
the viewer with a multimedia experience while looking through the time line.
Bookseller image. AbeBooks. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Jan. 2016.
<http://www.abebooks.co.uk/servlet/BookDetailsPL?bi=10652842055>. Primary Source:
It is a picture of the cover of James Watson's book The Double Helix, the function of this
image was to show people what the cover of this infamous book looked like.
Cover of the Book "The Dark Lady". Amazon. N.p., n.d. Web. 2 Feb. 2016.
<http://www.amazon.com/Rosalind-Franklin-The-Dark-Lady/dp/0060985089>. Primary
Source: It is a picture of the cover of the book The Dark Lady by Brenda Maddox, the
function of this image was to show the reader a picture of the book that depicts Franklin
not as a villain and recognizes her legacy.
Dolly and Bonny. N.d. Roslin. Web. 16 May 2016. <http://www.roslin.ed.ac.uk/publicinterest/dolly-the-sheep/a-life-of-dolly/>. Primary source: This is a photograph of the
cloned sheep that is being discussed on this slide, making this source primary for the
slide. The image of dolly the sheep provides a nice visual for the viewer while looking
through the timeline.
Dr. Phoebus A. Levene. N.d. U.S National Library of Medicine. Web. 16 May 2016.
<https://ihm.nlm.nih.gov/luna/servlet/detail/NLMNLM~1~1~101421671~182946:-Dr--

Phoebus-A--Levene--Photo-by-Lo>. Primary source: This slide discusses Dr. Phoebus so

the photograph of him would be a primary source as it is a direct photo of him. This
photo is used to give a nice looking visual on the time line for the viewer as they scroll
through.
Erwin Chargaff. N.d. Macroevolution. Web. 16 May 2016.
<http://www.macroevolution.net/erwin-chargaff.html>. Primary: This is a photo taken of
Chargaff so it is a primary source, and the use of this primary source is to provide visual
aid in the timeline. The viewer now has something to look at along with a brief
description of what the person in that photo did.
Francis Crick and James Watson in 1953 at Cambridge University. N.d. CNN. Web. 16 May
2016. <http://www.cnn.com/2013/06/28/health/james-watson-dna/>. Primary source:
This is a photo taken of Watson and Crick who are not only primary sources in regards to
their work on DNA in this timeline, but also to the project as a whole when it comes to
how Franklin explored encountered and exchanged in and with the field of DNA. This
photo shows the viewer who the blurb will be talking about if they have not already
visited the biography section.
Franklins X-ray Diffraction Pattern of TMV. N.d. Research Gate. Web. 17 May 2016.
<https://www.researchgate.net/publication/23170130_After_the_double_helix__Rosalind_Franklin%27s_research_on_Tobacco_mosaic_virus>. Primary source: This
photo is of Franklins diffraction of TMV. This photo is very important as it shows she not
only did great work on DNA but also on other fields of biology. This image comes from a
reputable website and helps show the viewer what I am talking about.

Frederick Griffith. N.d. Diffen. Web. 16 May 2016.

<http://www.diffen.com/difference/Frederick_Griffith_vs_Oswald_Avery>. Primary
source: This is a photo of Frederick Griffith so it is a primary source. It is used to show
the reader a picture of the man who they will be seeing a blurb of.
Gann, Alexander, and Jan Witkowski, eds. The Annotated and Illustrated Double Helix. N.p.:
n.p., n.d. Print. Primary Source: This book is the book James Watson wrote about his
interpretation of the events in his life that revolved around the discovery of the double
helix. This version of the book has annotations from the editor, accounts from people
who where there, and primary source documents from the time. This source is very
credible as I got it from our schools library and it only complies primary sources with
very little of the editors own words or opinions mixed in. This book cites all of its
sources and has an acknowledgments and bibliography. This source was very useful in
filling in the last couple of holes in my research by giving me one or two fantastic quotes
to sprinkle in.
Glassman, Gary, ed. "Secret of Photo 51." NOVA. N.p., 22 Apr. 2003. Web. 3 Dec. 2015.
<http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/transcripts/3009_photo51.html>. Primary Source:
The transcript of the video The Secret of Photo 51 that is used in this project was found
on the Nova website. This Transcript was created on the twenty second of April in the
year 2003 and contains several interviews from people who personally knew Rosalind
Franklin, as well as interviews with James Watson one of Franklin's biggest critics. These
interviews talk about Rosalind was a brilliant scientist but many like James didnt see her
as equal. The part that was very useful to this project is how the men of Kings college
tell their side of the story and how those who knew Franklin tell their side of the story.

This source has no author because it is a interview but it does have a narrator. This is a
nova movie, so it is created by PBS. PBS is a public broadcast station which gets money
from donations, the interviewer has no reason to have any sort of bias whatsoever. The
perspective of the narrator is an outsider looking in trying to find the answers which is
perfect for this project because that is what I am doing. This source was made for
students so they could learn about the life of Rosalind Franklin. Anyone who wants to
watch this Nova special could so the audience isnt too specific but it is mostly for
students in my opinion.
Gregor Mendel. N.d. Bio. Web. 16 May 2016. <http://www.biography.com/people/gregormendel-39282>. Primary source: This is a photo of Gregor Mendel so it is a primary
source. The purpose of this photo is to show the reader what he looked like along where
it describes what he did.
Hsu, Jeremy. "'Lost' Letters Reveal Twists in Discovery of Double Helix." LiveScience. N.p., 29
Sept. 2010. Web. 27 Mar. 2016. <http://www.livescience.com/10142-lost-letters-revealtwists-discovery-double-helix.html>. Primary source: This webpage is reliable as I have
used and fact checked it in the past. Also I am only taking quotes from the letters of
Wilkins so they are primary sources. These will be used to prove the last example of
sexism in the way they were ready and talked about her departure.
Johann Friedrich Miescher. N.d. Encyclopaedia Britannica. Web. 16 May 2016.
<http://www.britannica.com/biography/Johann-Friedrich-Miescher>. Primary source:
This is a photo of Johann which makes it a primary source. This shows the reader what
the man who the blurb is talking about looked like.

1962 Nobel laureates Maurice Wilkins, Max Perutz, Francis Crick, John Steinbeck, James
Watson, and John C Kendrew. 1962. Mental Floss. Web. 1 Feb. 2016.
<http://mentalfloss.com/article/53199/rosalind-franklin-and-search-dna>. Primary
Source: This is a photo of Crick Wilkins and Watson all winning the Nobel Prize, this
photo is use din the biography section of the website.
Oswald Avery. N.d. Diffen. Web. 16 May 2016.
<http://www.diffen.com/difference/Frederick_Griffith_vs_Oswald_Avery>. Primary
source: This is a photo of Oswald Avery and that makes it a primary source. The purpose
of this photo is to show the reader what Avery looked like while they learn what he did to
give them a better understanding of where Franklin falls in the history of DNA.
Photo 51. N.d. Genome Biology. Web. 31 Jan. 2016.
<http://www.genomebiology.com/2013/14/4/402/figure/F3?highres=y>. Primary Source:
This is the famous photo the Franklin took of DNA, it is used to show the readers what
the site is talking about every time it mentions photo 51.
Photograph of TMV model. N.d. Research Gate. Web. 17 May 2016.
<https://www.researchgate.net/publication/23170130_After_the_double_helix__Rosalind_Franklin%27s_research_on_Tobacco_mosaic_virus>. Primary source: This is
a photo of the TMV model that Franklin and her team built. This model is used as a
visual aid when talking about how franklin discovered the shape of TMV.
Photo of Crick. N.d. PLOS. Web. 22 Jan. 2016. <http://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?
id=10.1371/journal.pbio.0020419>. Primary Source: This is a photo of Crick and it is
used in the biography section of the website.

Photo of Frederick Sanger. N.d. DNA Worldwide. Web. 16 May 2016. <https://www.dnaworldwide.com/resource/160/history-dna-timeline>. Primary source: This is a photo of
Frederick Sanger and it is a primary source because it is a photo taken of him at the time
he was alive. The purpose of this photo is to show the reader what the man they are
reading about looked like because visuals make reading through a timeline more
enjoyable and informative.
photo of Marshall Nirenberg. N.d. DNA Worldwide. Web. 16 May 2016. <https://www.dnaworldwide.com/resource/160/history-dna-timeline>. Primary source: This is a photo of
Marshall Nirenberg and it is a primary source because it is a photo taken of him at the
time he was alive. The purpose of this photo is to show the reader what the man they are
reading about looked like because visuals make reading through a timeline more
enjoyable and informative.
Photo of Maurice Wilkins. N.d. The biotechnologists. Web. 22 Jan. 2016.
<http://www.whatisbiotechnology.org/people>. Primary Source: This is a photo of
Wilkins and it is used in the biography section of the website.
A photo of Rosalind. N.d. Strange Science. Web. 18 Feb. 2016.
<http://www.strangescience.net/rfranklin.htm>. Primary Source:
This is a photo of Franklin and I used it in the encounter section to make the website look
nice and to add some graphical elements to an otherwise lengthy chunk of words.
"Physical Chemistry of Foods", vol.2, van Nostrand reinhold: New York, 1994 Secondary
Source:This is a photo of A DNA versus B DNA and it is used to give the reader a clear
understanding of the difference and what Franklin accomplished.

Picture of Crick. N.d. Encyclopdia Britannica. Web. 1 Feb. 2016.

<http://www.britannica.com/biography/Francis-Crick>. Primary Source: This is a photo
of Crick and it is used in the biography section of the website.
Picture of DNA. California Political Review. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 May 2016.
<http://www.capoliticalreview.com/top-stories/ending-the-dna-storing-and-tracking-cakids/>. Secondary source: This is a image of DNA the is used on my website's timeline as
a good graphic for the cover.
Picture of Franklin. N.d. Dumbo Feather. Web. 1 Feb. 2016.
<http://www.dumbofeather.com/conversation/historical-profile-rosalind-franklin/>.
Primary Source: This is a picture of Rosalind Franklin and it is used to give the reader a
visual aid and to make the site look nice.
Picture of Franklin. N.d. Lincoln Physics. Web. 1 Feb. 2016.
<http://lincolnphysics.blogspot.com/2015/04/rosalind-franklin.html>. Primary Source:
This is a picture of Franklin and it is used for visual aid and to make the site look nice.
Picture of Franklin. N.d. This Day in History. Web. 16 May 2016.
<http://www.viralinfections.info/article/891897153/this-day-in-history-jul-25-1920rosalind-franklin-famous-for-x-ray-diffraction-images-of-dna-is-born/>. Primary source:
This is a photo of Franklin working, and it is used in my website to give the reader a
visual aid while they look through the information.
Picture of franklin. N.d. Welcome Library. Web. 1 Feb. 2016.
<http://wellcomelibrary.org/collections/digital-collections/makers-of-moderngenetics/digitised-archives/rosalind-franklin/>. Primary Source: This is a picture of
Franklin and it is used for visual aid and to make the site look nice.

Picture of James Watson. N.d. Bio. Web. 22 Jan. 2016.

<http://www.biography.com/people/james-d-watson-9525139>. Primary Source:
This is a picture of Watson and it is used on the biography section of the site.
Picture of James Watson. N.d. Slate. Web. 1 Feb. 2016.
<http://www.slate.com/blogs/future_tense/2012/07/19/james_d_watson_files_amicus_bri
ef_in_case_over_myriad_genetics_brca_patent_.html>. Primary Source: This is a picture
of Watson and it is used on the biography section of the site.
Picture of Maurice Wilkins. N.d. Prof Steve Wigmore. Web. 1 Feb. 2016.
<https://profstevewigmore.wordpress.com/2012/06/19/meeting-maurice-wilkins/>.
Primary Source: This is a picture of Wilkins it is used for his biography page on the
website.
Picture of Polio Virus. Virology Blog. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 May 2016.
<http://www.virology.ws/2013/07/23/poliovirus-silently-and-not-so-silently-spreads/>.
Secondary Source: This is a picture of polio virus I used to show teh veiwer what polio
looks like.
Picture of Rosalind Franklin in a lab. N.d. Jewish Woman's Archive. Web. 2 Feb. 2016.
<<https://ericawestendorf.wordpress.com/culture-site/women-in-science/>.>. Primary
Source: This is a picture of Franklin in a lab, its function is for visual aid and to make the
website look nice.
Pictures of the March 17th draft written by Franklin. N.d. Wellcome Library. Web. 28 Mar. 2016.
<http://wellcomelibrary.org/item/b18172040#?
c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0&z=0.4222%2C1.4666%2C0.125%2C0.0672>. Primary sources:
This is the paper where Franklin suggests that DNA is helical but Watson published his

stolen work first. This is one of the greatest sources I have found because it gives me the
letter and allows me to imbed it into my website. This source is a well known library so it
is very reliable.
"Quotes by Others about Rosalind Franklin." Today In Science History. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Mar.
2016. <http://todayinsci.com/F/Franklin_Rosalind/FranklinRosalind-Quotations.htm>.
Primary source: This is a quote written by James Watson and authored by Crick so it a
primary source. This quote is useful because it validates the importance Franklin's
research to their work and how without her the double helix would have never been
discovered.
A Ragged School. N.d. BBC. Web. 20 Mar. 2016.
<http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/primaryhistory/victorian_britain/children_at_school/teach
ers_resources.shtml>. Primary source: This image is used to show the reader what a dame
school looks like and is good visual aid for the website.
Rosalind Franklin. N.d. Concrete. Web. 31 Jan. 2016. <http://www.concrete-online.co.uk/worldwomen-iconic/>. Primary Source: It is a photo of Franklin, its function is visual aid and
to make the website look nice.
Rosalind Franklin. Mar. 1956. Linus Pauling and the Race for DNA. Web. 31 Jan. 2016.
<http://scarc.library.oregonstate.edu/coll/pauling/dna/people/franklin.html>. Primary
Source: This is a picture of Franklin's face and it is used as a visual on the website to
make the website look nice and to provide visuals for the reader so it is a multi media
experience and not just text.
Rosalind Franklin at age 3. 1923. The Rosalind Franklin Papers. Profiles in Science. Web. 13
Jan. 2016. <https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/ps/retrieve/Narrative/KR/p-visuals/true>.

Primary Source: This is a photo of Franklin at age three, and the function of this photo is
that it is a visual of her childhood. Franklin grew up coming from a wealthy family and
this visual of her as a child in fancy clothing helps show the reader.
Rosalind Franklin mountain climbing in Norway. N.d. Profiles in Science. Web. 2 Feb. 2016.
<https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/ps/access/KRBBJH_.jpg>. Primary Source: This is a photo
of Franklin hiking a mountain which was one of her favorite hobbies. The function of this
photo is to add a nice visual to the website and also to show the Franklin had a life
outside of the lab and she was a complete woman and not just a work driven woman who
was afraid of a dull marriage as Watson proclaimed.
Rosalind Franklin with Microscope. N.d. Profiles in Science. Web. 1 Feb. 2016.
<https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/ps/retrieve/Narrative/KR/p-visuals/true>. Primary Source:
This is a photo of Rosalind Franklin with a Microscope and the function of it is to show
readers that she worked in the lab with all kinds of equipment and it also functions as a
nice visual to make the website look nice.
Rosalind Franklin with Siblings. 1932. Profiles in Science. Web. 31 Jan. 2016.
<https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/ps/retrieve/Narrative/KR/p-visuals/true>. Primary Source:
This is a photo of Franklin with her siblings, the function of this photo is to show her
family in the section of the website where her childhood is brought up.
Watson, James. The Double Helix: A Personal Account of the Discovery of the Structure of DNA.
N.p.: Scribner, 2011. Kindle file. Primary Source: This book is the perfect source on this
subject matter. It was written by Watson himself so you get to see his biases first hand.
This book was so helpful in learning the terrible and sexist ways in which he treated
Franklin. This first hand account of what happened to Franklin at her time at the lab not

only sheds light on the discrimination but also sheds light on Watson's mindset. This info
was vital to the encounter section of my project.
"Quotes by or Related to Rosalind Franklin." Linus Pauling and the Race for DNA. N.p., n.d.
Web. 13 Feb. 2016.
<http://scarc.library.oregonstate.edu/coll/pauling/dna/quotes/rosalind_franklin.html>.
Primary Source:

This is a quote by Watson at a Harvard inauguration speech. This is a primary source

because it is a quote from Watson describing how he obtained a copy of photo 51 and
how it helped him in his research. This quote was used in the website to help showcase
the event not only from a secondary sources point of view but also from Watson's point of
view.
British scientist, Rosalind Franklin. N.d. The Telegraph. Web. 27 Mar. 2016.
<http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/celebritynews/11861930/Rosalind-Franklin-would-beastonished-to-be-cast-as-feminist-icon-in-play-starring-Nicole-Kidman.html>. Primary: It
is a photo of Franklin used to show the reader what Franklin looked like and to provide
visual aid.
Watson Holding Double Helix Book. N.d. Pbase. Web. 1 Feb. 2016.
<http://www.pbase.com/bill_adams/image/22145268>. Primary Source: This is a photo
of Watson holding the book he wrote about him and Franklin in the race to discover the
double helix. The function of this photo is to show Watson with the book he wrote to give
the reader a visual with the book and the author together.

Woman's common room. N.d. Alamy. Web. 1 Feb. 2016. <http://www.alamy.com/stockphoto/common-room.html>. Primary Source: This photo of a women's common room in
King's Collage London was taken in 1907, which is 44 years earlier then when Franklin
came to the collage. The function of the photo however was to provide visual aid to the
reader while explaining how there where separate common rooms and the picture also
serves to provide an example.
WWII Gas Mask. N.d. The Museum of Technology. Web. 1 Feb. 2016.
<http://www.museumoftechnology.org.uk/militaria.php?cab=gas_masks>. Primary
Source: This is a picture of an English WWII gas mask, while Franklin did not
manufacture masks the filtration technology she made would have been used on a mask
like this one during the war. This photo was used to show the reader what Franklin's
findings in coal filtration would have been used in.
X-ray Apparatus at King's. N.d. King's Collage London. Web. 1 Feb. 2016.
<http://www.kingscollections.org/exhibitions/archives/dna/early-work/equipment>.
Primary Source: This is a photo of an X-ray diffraction unit at king's collage London, it
was used to show the reader what such a machine would look like.
Secondary Sources
Barnett, Rosalind Chait. A Short History of Women in Science: From Stone Walls to Invisible
Walls. N.p.: n.p., n.d. PDF file. Secondary Source:This source was very useful for
learning about women the history education and how this affected Franklin in her time
and still effects us today. This was written by a woman in collage who while she could
have a more pro woman biases i mostly used numbers and basic facts not any of her
direct opinions on the subject matter. As this is from a collage report it is safe to assume

the information is reliable as both the collage and the student would not want to make
themselves look bad with a faulty report, also it is from Also this document is from a edu
site. This information was used in the website under the exploration section when
describing the conditions of Franklins times and how some things still have not changed
in the modern world today.
Biography.com Editors. "Rosalind Franklin Biography." Biography. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Jan.
2016. <http://www.biography.com/people/rosalind-franklin-9301344>. Secondary
Source:The source Biography.com has proved to be a reliable source. The info stated on
biography.com has matched up with the info given to me by PBS and the other edu sites I
went on. Biography.com did a nice job of focusing a little less on her scientific
accomplishments and more on telling her life in an easy to understand time line. This was
very useful for creating the background section of the website because many other
sources didn't talk much about her childhood. This was a great source to gather quotes
and put everything in perspective.
Bryner, Jeanna. "Why Men Dominate Math and Science Fields." Live Science. N.p., 9 Oct. 2007.
Web. 1 Feb. 2016. <http://www.livescience.com/1927-men-dominate-math-sciencefields.html>. Secondary Source:
This source is great in showing how women face many more barriers and struggles than
men when it comes to finding jobs in the science world. This source lists out the
problems from race, to education accessibility to gaps in wage. This source was great for
when talking about the section on Franklins exploration. This is a great written article
by Jeanna Bryner.

"Celebrating Rosalind Franklin: a perfect example of single-minded devotion to research." The

Guardian. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 May 2016.
<https://www.theguardian.com/science/grrlscientist/2013/jul/25/rosalind-franklin-googledoodle-science-dna-viruses>. Secondary source: This source describes Franklins work in
the field of virology but focuses on TMV. This source mainly just summarizes the other
sources I have looked at. This source is from the guardian which is a reliable and
distinguished news source. This website has one or two good quotes that I took. The
trouble was I know the judges wanted me to try and not supplement my writing with
secondary sources but when it comes to things like her work on viruses later in life the
only primary sources are really just technical documents that I would have to pull apart
for ages to try and explain out the science of each quote.
Creager, Angela, and Gregory Morgan. "After the Double HelixRosalind Franklins Research on
Tobacco Mosaic Virus." Isis: n. pag. Research Gate. Web. 17 May 2016.
<https://www.researchgate.net/publication/23170130_After_the_double_helix__Rosalind_Franklin%27s_research_on_Tobacco_mosaic_virus>. Secondary source: This
article describes Franklins lesser known accomplishments after King's college and how
she not only paved the way in DNA research but also in virology. This article summarizes
the last couple years of her life and how she spent them researching right up until the
very end. This article was written by someone from Princeton and the Steven's institute,
and was published in a respected journal. The information in this article also matches
with the other information I have learned about Franklin. This source was vitally
important to completing the last section in the exploration section.

"Dearth of Women in Elite Biology Labs." Chart. Nature. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 May 2016.
<http://www.nature.com/news/elite-labs-hire-more-men-than-women-1.15483>.
Secondary source: This graph shows how unfairly women are treated and is taken right
from the nature article that this graph will be paired alongside. This is a reliable source as
it is also from Nature which as I previously explained is the same nature that published
Watson and Cricks findings. This chart will be used to show the reader visually along
with the verbal explanation of the disparity faced today and how if it is this bad today it is
a miracle that Rosalind was able to do what she did back then.
DNA - Secret of Photo 51 (NOVA). You Tube. N.p., 25 Apr. 2012. Web. 18 Feb. 2016.
<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0tmNf6ec2kU>. Secondary Source:
This nova video is the same one that I cited the transcript for, I could not find the video
on the PBS website so I had to use You Tube to find a copy of the video. This video is
reliable because it follows the transcript word for word so even though it is not from a
reliable website I think it is a reliable source. I am using it to add video elements to my
website to make it more dynamic and interactive for the reader.
"DNA Structure." Vivos. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 Feb. 2016.
<http://www.terravivos.com/secure/cryovaultjoinus.htm>. Secondary Source:It is a web
image of the structure of DNA, its function is to show people what DNA looks like not as
a X-ray diffracted photograph.
"Elite labs hire more men than women." Nature. Ed. Elizabeth Gibney. N.p., 1 July 2014. Web.
16 May 2016. <http://www.nature.com/news/elite-labs-hire-more-men-than-women1.15483>. Secondary source: This article is about how women are still even today bared
from high level research by sexist lab practices. Despite Women being a huge number of

phd applicants it is still men who move on to the higher positions and men who win the
awards. This source is incredibly reliable as it lists where it got its data and also it is
nature. This ironically is the same nature that published Watson and Crick's paper. This
source was used to really talk more about just how significant alone it was that Franklin
was a women working in the field of science.
Emspak, Jesse. "Tiny Artificial Life: Lab-Made Bacterium Sports Smallest Genome Yet - See
more at: http://www.livescience.com/54165-artificial-bacterium-has-smallestgenome.html#sthash.3Q2YrJkS.dpuf." Live Science. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 May 2016.
<http://www.livescience.com/54165-artificial-bacterium-has-smallest-genome.html>.
Secondary source: This is an article about a new lab made bacteria with the smallest
number of genes needed to create life. I chose to put this into the website timeline
because I wanted a new article to show just how far DNA research has gone from the
beginning to now. To be perfectly frank the article itself and its contents are not as
important as the fact that it is a modern development. But the article is still very
interesting and accurate, as it was written by someone who has a Master of Arts from the
University of California, Berkeley School of Journalism. This source was used just to
show the reader how far research has gone and I think is a nice touch to the end of the
time line.
"Francis Crick - Biographical". Nobelprize.org. Nobel Media AB 2014. Web. 20 Jan 2016.
<http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1962/crick-bio.html>
Secondary Source:This is the short biography of Crick on the Nobel Prize website. This
info didn't really contribute to any other portion of my website than the biography on

Crick. It is obviously a very reliable source as it comes from the official Nobel Prize .org
website. Its main function was for me to write a short bio on Crick.
"History of DNA Research." News Medical. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 May 2016. <http://www.newsmedical.net/life-sciences/History-of-DNA-Research.aspx>. Secondary source: This
website provided a list dates and explanations of important scientific discoveries in the
field of DNA before and after Franklin. This website started with Mendel and ended with
Jeffreys. This website described what these scientist did to help progress the field of
DNA forward into the future. The information in this source is very reliable as two of the
sources it lists are an .edu and a .org and the other two after examination appear to be
credible. After comparing this source with the other source is used for the timeline I
found that the information seemed to be correct. This source was crucial to helping to
create this time line. In regards to the project as a whole this source was crucial in giving
historical context to Franklins accomplishments.
"The History of DNA Timeline." DNA worldwide. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 May 2016.
<https://www.dna-worldwide.com/resource/160/history-dna-timeline>. Secondary
source: This source is much like the other source I used to create my timeline except this
source is much more expansive. This source starts at Darwin and ends in 2013 where the
other sources ends in the eighties. This source does an fantastic job of showing how far
DNA research has gone throughout the ages. This website explains who did what and
when from theories to tests. This website is very credible as they link to articles through
out their website that are about what they are talking about. The information from this
website also matches up to the other information I have looked into on this topic. This
website was critical when it came to making my time line as it had pictures and text of

everyone involved. It was very informative and useful to help me create a more
interactive website for the user.
Holt, Jim. "Photo Finish Rosalind Franklin and the great DNA race." The New Yorker. N.p., 28
Oct. 2002. Web. 12 Jan. 2016. <http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2002/10/28/photofinish-2>. Secondary Source:The New Yorker is a very reliable Magazine because it is
such a popular magazine that they would be called out if they made a error, also the info
in this article is conformed by all my other sources. The New Yorker is very liberal in its
writing so it is a given they will favor Franklin, but in this case their opinion is supported
by the facts I gathered so it is helpful to me. The had info and quotes on The Double
Helix and what happened to Franklin from the beginning to her lack of credit in the end.
It was like the Biography.com source but a few of the quotes just fit bette onto my site so
I used it along with Biography.com.
HUGO. DNA Worldwide. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 May 2016. <https://www.dnaworldwide.com/resource/160/history-dna-timeline>. Secondary source: This is the logo
for the group HUGO who where scientist from the human genome project who created
the Bermuda principles. The purpose of this is to show the viewer who and what Hugo
was.
Human Genome Project. Genome unlocking life's code. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 May 2016.
<https://unlockinglifescode.org/timeline?tid=4>. Secondary source: This is the logo of
the human genome project, and it is used to show the viewer who and what the human
genome project was.
"James Watson - Biographical". Nobelprize.org. Nobel Media AB 2014. Web. 20 Jan 2016.
<http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1962/watson-bio.html>

Secondary Source:This is the short biography of Watson on the Nobel Prize website. This
info didn't really contribute to any other portion of my website than the biography on
Watson. It is obviously a very reliable source as it comes from the official Nobel Prize
.org website. Its main function was for me to write a short bio on Watson.
Maddox, Brenda. "Before Watson and Crick." PBS. N.p., 22 Apr. 2003. Web. 1 Dec. 2015.
<http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/evolution/before-watson-crick.html>. SecondarySource:

The article Before Watson and Crick comes from the PBS website. It was published on
april twenty second in the year two thousand and three. This source was written by PBS
and PBS is a very reputable source as stated before. This source was mostly likely made
for a student researching this topic, but again it could be used by a broad audience. This
source is helpful to my project because it explains the field of DNA research before
Franklin, Watson, and Crick. In this source it is written about how Gregor Mendel
experimented with pea pods to try and see how traits are passed down. Then it goes on to
explaining how scientist saw a ratio between the number of A and T nucleotides and
another ratio between the number of G and C nucleotides. The only missing key was the
structure of the DNA. This key was the final and most crucial step. This whole article is
written about why Franklin's work was so important and how she broke down this road
block and paved the way for future research. The main point of this is how without
Franklin this chain of discovery would have halted.
"Maurice Wilkins - Biographical". Nobelprize.org. Nobel Media AB 2014. Web. 20 Jan 2016.
<http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1962/wilkins-bio.html>
Secondary Source:This is the short biography of Wilkins on the Nobel Prize website.

This info didn't really contribute to any other portion of my website than the biography
on Wilkins. It is obviously a very reliable source as it comes from the official Nobel Prize
.org website. Its main function was for me to write a short biography on Wilkins.
Merlaysamuel. Coat of arms of King's College London. Wikipedia. N.p., 8 Dec. 2012. Web. 13
Jan. 2016. <https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bf/King
%27s_College_London_crest.png>. Secondary Source:This is a web image of the coat of
arms for King's Cross Collage, this image is used in the cite to represent the collage in an
image.
Moncrief, J. William. "Rosalind Elsie Franklin." Science and Its Times. Ed. Neil Schlager and
Josh Lauer. Vol. 7: 1950 to Present. Detroit: Gale, 2001. 150-151. Gale Virtual Reference
Library. Web. 3 Dec. 2015. Secondary Source:This virtual reference source comes from
Gale virtual reference library. It is a reference source from the seventh volume of the
book Science and Its Times. It was made in the year 2000 by Gale, and this source is very
reputable because it is made by Gale. This is a reputable source because for one Gale is a
recommended database by the school, and for two has no reason to fabricate facts and no
known biases. The information that will be useful to the project in this reference book is
that it give a clear outline of Franklin's life. The interviews and other primary sources the
ones from Glassman will fill me in on the specific events, but this source gives a nice
overview from birth in 1920 to death in 1958. It is written about her time studying coal in
england from her life in france, to her time as a crystallographer in Kings College. The
general audience of this source is most likely students looking to learn about Franklin
since this is on a database, but the audience can be broadened to anyone who wants to
learn about Franklin.

"Newnham College, Cambridge. Griffon and Mullet/Star." Oxford-Cambridge Boat Race NYC.
N.p., 17 Dec. 2015. Web. 1 Feb. 2016. <http://ox-cam-nyc.blogspot.com/2014/11/oxfordcollege-clues-to-stars-and.html>. Secondary Source:This is a web image of the seal of the
collage Franklin went to, this is used in the biography section of the cite.
"Nobel Prize in Medicine or Phycology." Michael Courtney Design. N.p., n.d. Web. 2 Feb. 2016.
<http://www.michaelcourtneydesign.com/awards/and-the-2014-nobel-prize-goes-towayfinding>. Secondary Source:This is a web image of the nobel prize that Franklin's
colleagues won and she didn't win. This is used to show the reader the honor that
Franklin missed out on because of her gender.
Picture of rosie riveter saying STEM Women. Instagram. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 Feb. 2016.
<http://www.online-instagram.com/tag/stem4fem/1024116646895830160>. Secondary
Source:It is a photo of a WWII propaganda poster of the riveting woman, but instead of
we can do it it says STEM Women. The function of this photo is for visual aid and to
make the project look nice.
"Rosalind Elise Franklin." SDSC. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Jan. 2016.
<https://www.sdsc.edu/ScienceWomen/franklin.html>. Secondary Source:
This website was a great source to help fact check my other sources. This website is an
edu so it is very reliable. The website gave me all of the basic information on Franklin
that I would need to jump start my research. As an edu I usually do not have biases and
this website seemed completely objective in nature. It can be inferred this was written by
a student or a teacher and it is a very well written useful source.
"Rosalind Elsie Franklin." Topics in the History of Genetics and Molecular Biology. N.p., n.d.
Web. 17 May 2016. <https://msu.edu/course/lbs/333/fall/franklin.html>. Secondary

source: This website has a brief overview of Franklin's life after working on DNA at
King's. This website has a couple of very good quotes and a pretty good overview. This
website is an .edu so the websites information is reliable. This website was helpful to my
website for me to add a couple of good quotes for my paper.
"Rosalind Franklin." Famous Scientists. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 May 2016.
<http://www.famousscientists.org/rosalind-franklin/>. Secondary source: The website
was a basic biography of Franklin's life with a couple of good quotes in it which is why I
cited it. This website is reliable because everything said in it is backed up by all of the
other sources I have read and also it is a .org website. This website helped me when
creating my timeline to quickly sum up all of here achievements in how she paved the
way for future research.
"Science." GEA. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 Feb. 2016.
<http://www.genderandeducation.com/resources/subjects/science/>. Secondary Source:
Why Men Dominate Math and Science Fields is a well written article about the struggle
women face when entering the field of science and why that struggle exists. It points to
statistics on experimental science gender diversity versus mainstream science diversity
and this was very important to include in my section about Franklin working as a woman
in a time where it was even more difficult for woman scientists to find work.
"Tiny Artificial life: Lab-Made Bacterium Sports Smallest Genome Yet." Live Science. N.p., n.d.
Web. 16 May 2016. <http://www.livescience.com/54165-artificial-bacterium-hassmallest-genome.html>. Secondary Source: This photo of a bacteria Genome was the
photo that was paired with the article so I decided to include it in the timeline to give the
reader the full experience.

Tyson, Peter, ed. "Rosalind Franklin's Legacy." PBS. N.p., 22 Apr. 2004. Web. 1 Dec. 2015.
<http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/tech/rosalind-franklin-legacy.html>. Secondary
Source:There is almost no more reliable source than PBS. PBS has absolutely no reason
to be biased on such a topic and they are always very reliable as a government subsidized
organization. This article was fantastic because it not only talked about Franklin's legacy
or lack there of due to Watson Crick and Wilkins, but it also talked about just how close
Franklin came to figuring out DNA before them. It goes into full detail on how it was
besed of her work Watson, Crick and, Wilkins could succeed.