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Page 1
Vogel Equation
Generalized Vogel Equation
Composite Model
Multi-rate Fetkovich Method
Multi-rate Jones Model
Standing Method
Multi-rate Fetkovich Method (future)
Page 2
Vogel Equation
Does not work properly for gas wells, high viscosities and excessive skin
, Bo must be taken at p
Vogel equation
Simplifying assumptions for the simulation:
1. reservoir is circular and completely bounded with a completely
penetrating well at its center
2. porous medium is uniform and isotropic with a constant water saturation
at all points
3. gravity effects are be neglected
4. compressibility of rock and water can be neglected
5. composition and equilibrium are constant for oil and gas
6. the same pressure exists in both the oil and gas phases
7. the pseudo steady-state assumption that the tank-oil desaturation rate
is the same at all points at a given instant
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Vogel equation
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Vogel equation
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Vogel equation
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Vogel equation
qomax (saturated)
qomax (undersaturated)
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Vogel equation
= .
qo max (saturated) =
qo max (undersaturated)
1,8
qo max (undersaturated) Oil rate from undersaturated IPR with pwf = 0 (bbl/day, m/s)
(e.g. steady state, pseudo steady state)
qo
Actual oil flow-rate (bpd, m/s, )
pwf
Well flowing pressure (psi, Pa)
p
Average reservoir pressure (psi, Pa)
J.V.Vogel, Inflow Performance Relationship for Solution-Gas Drive Wells
Page 11
Vogel equation
Example
Vogel equation
Develop an IPR curve for the given saturated reservoir. A well test was
performed at a pressure of 3000 psi.
p = 4350 psi
pb = 5210 psi
qo = 680 bpd
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= +
.
.
.
qb
PI Index above pb :
J=
Vogel flow qV :
qV =
pb J
1,8
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Bubble
point
=
,
Page 14
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Composite Model
Extension of the Vogel inflow solution that accounts for water cut.
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C
n
qo
qo max
= 1
n
pwf 2
p
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(psi)
Testpoint 1
383
2897
Testpoint 2
640
2150
p= 3600 psi
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Page 21
q
C
D
hp
141,2.B
kh
0,472.re
ln
rw
+S
D=
9,08.1013 B
4.hp .rw
(psi)
Testpoint 1
6199
5410
Testpoint 2
8115
5383
p = 5448 psi
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Standing Method
Three parameter change as a result of the declining average reservoir
pressure: k ro , o and Bo
f pp =
kro
Bo 0 P
f pf =
qo,max,F = qo,max,P .
qo,F
q0,max,F
p
F
= 1 0.2
pwf,F
pF
kro
Bo 0 F
f pF pF
f pp pp
0.8
pwf,F 2
pF
present value
future value
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Standing Method
Example
Standing Method
Calculate the IPR for both, the present and the future for the following
parameters: (draw the graphs)
Pressure test: qo = 400 [STB/day]
pwf = 1815 [psig]
p
o
Bo
So
kro
Present Time
2250 [psig]
3.11 [cP]
1.173
0.768
0.815
Future Time
1800 [psig]
3.59 [cP]
1.150
0.741
0.685
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CF = Cp .
pF
pp
qo,F = CF pF pwf,F
p
F
present value
future value
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(psi)
Testpoint 1
383
2897
Testpoint 2
640
2150
p = 3600 psi
pF = 2950 psi
Page 29
Summary
Model
PI - Method
Fluids
Conditions
Oil
Above pb
Vogel Equation
Oil, Gas
Below pb
Oil, Gas
Oil, Gas
Below pb
Oil, Gas
Below pb
Standing Method
Oil, Gas
Below pb
Oil, Water
Above pb
Darcy Equation
Composite Model
Page 30
Homework
1) Draw the IPR curve for the given reservoir and calculate the surface
quantities (oil, water and gas) for a well flowing pressure of 3 MPa!
Vogels Method
p = 7,5 MPa
Bw = 1,04
re = 200 m
rw = 0,083 m
pb = 7,6 MPa
Sw = 55 %
h = 10 m
k = 200 mD
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Homework
2) Use the Fetkovich equation to generate the IPR curve for the following
reservoir data! p= 3600 psi
Calculate the future IPR for a new average reservoir pressure of 3000 psi!
(psi)
Testpoint 1
383
2897
Testpoint 2
640
2150
Testpoint 3
263
3200
Testpoint 4
497
2530
Page 32
Homework
3) You are give 3 test points from an oil well. Use the Jones Method to
evaluate the average reservoir pressure and the skin factor S.
k = 10 mD
h = 50 ft
= 1,7 cp
B = 1,1
rw = 0,328 ft
re = 2500 ft
(psi)
Testpoint 1
6599
6610
Testpoint 2
8515
6583
Testpoint 3
21400
6256
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Gas Reservoirs
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Gas Properties
Specifics of gas:
-
Z Factor:
ppr =
Tpr =
p
ppc
T
Tpc
ppc
Tpc
ppr
Tpr
p
T
Gas Properties
know gas composition:
ppc =
N
i=1 yi . pci
Tpc =
N
i=1 yi . Tci
Gas Properties
Page 37
Gas Properties
Viscosity Approximation:
Page 38
Gas Properties
Page 39
Q
k
h, r
Z
T
p
p+pwf
2
1422.QZT
kh
ln
0,472.re
rw
+S
Z=Z
p+pwf
2
Page 41
g = 0,9
T = 240F (700R)
k = 10 mD
rw = 0,3125 ft
p = 4000 psi
S=3
h = 5 ft
re = 500 ft
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4000
3500
3750
5,7
0,86
0,0244
932
3000
3500
5,3
0,84
0,0232
1876
2500
3250
4,9
0,825
0,0226
2732
2000
3000
4,6
0,815
0,0220
3498
1500
2750
4,2
0,805
0,0201
4247
1000
2500
3,8
0,795
0,0195
5043
500
2250
3,4
0,79
0,0183
5684
2000
3,0
0,8
0,0177
5899
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Page 44
p p.dp
pwf Z
1422. QT
0,472. re
=
ln
+S
kh
rw
Page 46
p = 3600 psi
S = 2,5
h = 5 ft
re = 1000 ft
Page 47
*106
*106
400
0,61
1,05
0,0122
0,937
200
34898
400
14,0
14,0
800
1,21
1,13
0,0132
0,890
600
102420
41,0
54,9
1200
1,82
1,25
0,0146
0,840
1000
163499
65,4
120,3
1600
2,42
1,35
0,0157
0,795
1400
223940
89,6
209,9
2000
3,03
1,50
0,0175
0,770
1800
267544
107,0
316,9
2400
3,63
1,72
0,0200
0,763
2200
287789
115,1
432,0
2800
4,24
1,88
0,0219
0,780
2600
304386
121,8
553,8
3200
4,85
1,98
0,0231
0,805
3000
323120
129,2
683,0
3600
5,45
2,15
0,0250
0,835
3400
325131
130,1
813,1
4000
6,06
2,20
0,0256
0,870
3800
340836
136,3
949,4
4400
6,66
2,35
0,0274
0,900
4200
340913
136,4
1085,8
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Gas Reservoirs
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