Fire Fight TAC

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FIRE PROTECTION MANUAL

PREFACE
The First Edition of this Manual was issued by the Calcutta Fire Insurance Association in 1906 and was
brought up-to-date and re-issued in 1930. The third, fourth and fifth Editions were published jointly by the
Insurance Associations of India and Pakistan in 1948, 1950 and 1953 respectively to provide for the needs
of the whole of the areas controlled by these Associations. The subsequent sixth, seventh and eighth Editions
were published by the Fire Sectional Committees of Calcutta, Bombay, Delhi and Madras Regional Councils
of the Insurance Associations of India. In the ninth Edition published in 1982, amendments and additions
were effected to bring the provisions in line with current thinking on fire protection techniques and to encourage
installation of fixed fire extinguishing appliances/alarm systems in relatively low hazard risks orr the one hand
and tighten requirements for design of systems suitable for high hazard risks such as Petroleum Refineries,
Petrochemical and Fertilizer Plants on the other hand, which world-wide experience has indicated, need copious
quantities of water and other extinguishing media. In the tenth, eleventh and twelfth editions an effort has
been made to further update and streamline the regulations.
The Manual should prove of value to factory owners and their technical personnel when dealing with matters
relating to fire extinguishing appliances and also constitute a handy book of reference to Insurance officials.
The maintenance of fire extinguishing appliances in an efficient state and familarisation with all details of
operations is essential if the maximum benefit is to be derived in the emergency of an outbreak of a fire.
The Manual incorporates long experience of fire protection engineering both in India and elsewhere in the
world. Compliance of the rules will not only obtain appropriate discount in the fire insurance premium but
will also instill that feeling of security that the presence of an efficient fire-ghting equipment should prevent.
Direct loss from fire and the resultant wastage is always serious but the indirect loss and the resultant dislocation
of business is often much more serious.
The Regional Offices of Tariff Advisory Committee maintain an inspection staff of qualified engineers, specialists
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in fire protection and prevention engineering and practice in all its aspects. The services of this staff are
available to make recommendations and carry out inspections in keeping with the nature of work. (All references
to Regional Offices or staff thereof in this preface and in the body of the Manual apply to the Regional
Offices controlling the territory within which the risk is situated).
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The Manual initially deals with portable appliances and small bore hose reels which are considered as firstaid appliances. The regulations regarding trailer pumps are covered next. The last part is devoted to fixed
external protection in the form of a hydrant system which is considered the backbone of the entire fire fighting
operations as it fights fires of serious proportions in all classes of risks and continues to do so even in the
event of a collapse of the buildings/structures protected. High-rise buildings which have become a common
feature of modern society present inherent fire hazard as fire brigades are often helpless in the face of fires
in such structures and are unable to save human lives and fight fires effectively with traditional methods.
A separate section has therefore, been devoted for prescribing the specialised type of protection required by
these structures.
In case it is desired to install any appliances which are not covered by this Manual, assistance and advice
may be obtained from the inspection staff maintained by the Regional Offices.
Wherever reference to any Indian Standard appears in this Manual, it should be taken as a reference to
its latest version.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Pg.No.
1.
Requirements regarding submission of plans .................................................................................... ..5
2.
Procedure to be followed in the case of application for discounts ................................................ .. 7
3.
Inspection staff .......................
4.
Internal appliances
....................................................................................................... .. 10
4.1
Hand appliances .................................................................................................................. .. 10
4.2
Small bore hose reels ......................................................................................................
16
5.
Mechanically driven fire engines and trailer pumps ....................................................................... .. 16
6.
Hydrant protection for High Rise Buildings (Non-industrial) ......................................................... .. 18
7.
Hydrant service ................................................................................................................................. .. 23

7.1
General ................................................................................................................................. .. 23
7.2
Classifications of occupancies .............................................................................................. .. 23
7.3
Water supply ........................................................................................................................ .. 28
7.4
Pumps ................................................................................................................................. .. 29
7.4.1
General ..................................................................................................................... .. 29
7.4.2
Steam driven pumps ............................................................................................... .. 36
7.4.3
Electrically driven pumps ......................................................................................... .. 37
7.4.4
Petrol or motor spirit engine driven pumps ........................................................
7.4.5
Compression Ignition Engine Driven Pumps .......................................................... .. 42
41
7.5
Mains ' ........................................... .................................................................................... .. 46
' 7.6
Hydrants/xed monitors ....................................................................................................... .. 50
7.7
Hose pipes and nozzles .... ................................................................................................. .. 56
7.8
Foam compounds ................................................................................................................. .. 58
7.9
Fire fighting personnel ......................................................................................................... .. 58
7.10
Maintenance ..................................................... ..,.................................................................. .. 59
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7.10.1 Pumps ...................................................................................................................... ..59
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7.10.2 Mains ........................................................................................................................ ..59
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7.10.3 Hydrants ................................................................................................................... .. 60
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7.10.4 Hose pipes and noules .................................................................................... .... .. 60
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7.11
Measures to be taken where the installation is for any reason temporarily inoperative .. 61
7.12
Special provisions for Thermal/Gas based power plants ................................................... .. 61
Hydrant protection of cotton gin and press factories .................................................................... .. 62

8.1
Reservoir ............................................................................................................................... .. 62
8.2
Pumps ................................................................................................................................. .. 62
8.3
Mains
8.4
Hydrants ............................................................................................................................... .. 63
_ 8.5
Hose pipes and nozzles ....................................................................................................... ..63
8.6
Fire fighting staff .................................................................................................................. .. 63
9.
................................................................................................................................. .. 63
MUTUAL AID SCHEME .................................................................................................................. .. 64
Tables
1.
Effective capacity of reservoir .......................................................................................................... .. 29
2.
Capacity for hydrant service ............................................................................................................ ..30
3.&3A. Size of pipe mains ........................................................................................................................... ..48
Appendix
I'
Application for fire extinguishing appliance(s) discount .................................................................. .. 66
II
Guarantee regarding fire extinguishing appliances .......................................................................... .. 67
III
Details of fire extinguishing appliances .................................................................................... ..... .. 68
IV
Certificate from Insurers Engineer ................................................................................................... .. 74
Fire drill register ............................................................................................................................... .. 75
VI
Water pressure table ......................................................................................................................... .. 76
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REQUIREMENTS REGARDING SUBMISSION OF PLANS :

Plans for submission to the Committee shall be drawn up in accordance with the following
requirements:
. .
Plans shall be clear, contain all required details including scale and point of Compass and
shall be dated. The Polar Geographical North is also to be marked in the Key Plan.
Plans of new installations shall show the entire Compound; all buildings therefn, with their
door and window openings, and the boundary walls. Buildings under construction and future
extension envisaged, shall be indicated by dotted lines. Plans of extensions to approved existing
installations need not show the rest of the compound but sufficient details shall be given of
the existing installations in correlation to the extension, to enable the Committees Inspection
Staff to check the plans and offer comments. In case of storeyed buildings, drawings submitted
shall include plans of each story together with sectional elevations. The locations and details
of fire access staircases together with the arrangements of hydrants on their landings shall
also be shown. Further, a Table showing List of Blocks protected as per committees Rules
should be given.
Material : Plans shall be on White paper or Ammonia paper or Ferro Prussiate paper.
Plans shall generally be prepared in accordance with lS:696, shall not exceed 850 x 1200
mm in size and shall be drawn to a scale 1:500 or 111000. In the case of very large compounds
with more than one risk, it is advisable to submit separate plans for each risk with a key
showing the relative situation of the various risk etc. in the compounds.
Signs :
1.5.1
Pucca walls to be shown by double lines, doors and windows being clearly marked.
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1.5.2
Iron or other non-masonry walls to be shown by a thin line and nature of Construction
indicated.
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1.5.3
Perfect Party Walls to be indicated by the sign T at each end of the wall, or have
the letters PPW." alongside or across them at regular intervals and marked in distinctive
colour.
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1.5.4
Fireproof doors and/or Shutters to be marked as follows :

Single Fireproof Door
and/or Shutter
S.FD.
Double Fireproof Doors

and/or Shutters
1.5.5
D.FD.
Elevated fire service tanks to be shown hatched and their capacity and height of base
above the highest roof to be stated.
G.L.
N.B.
In case of multipurpose elevated tanks, the capacity reserved for sprinkler installation
to be indicated instead of the total capacity.
1.5.6
Sky lights to be marked Sky Lights" or S.L.".
1.5.7
Boiler to be shown by a rectangular figure marked Boiler.

BOILER
1.5.8
Hydrant Mains to be shown by a red line; the diameter, length and number of pipes
being marked alongside and specials and reducers to be clearly indicated.
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m.m. 0 LENGTHS OF -m. EACH
1.5.9
Hydrant Heads to be shown by red circles not less than 3 mm in diameter and marked
S.H.. Double Hydrant to be indicated by double circles and marked D.H.".
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S.H.
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D.H.
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1.5.10 Water Monitors to be shown by a circle with an oblique arrow through it and marked
WM.
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WM
1.5.11 Cut-off valves to be marked / drawn across the mains.
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1.5.12 Sprinkler and Hydrant pumps to be clearly marked and the capacity and head to be
indicated in each case.
1.5.13 Pumpls) suction piping to be shown dotted and diameter indicated.
PUMP
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1.5.14 Surface fire service Water tanks and reservoirs to be shown to scale and average depth
indicated.
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1.5.15 Sprinkler trunk mains to be shown by a blue line, the sizes being marked alongside.
m.m. (Z) SPK MAIN

1.5.16 Fire alarm bells to be shown by blue circles and marked F A B".
I; F.A.B.
1.5.17 Sprinklered blocks to be marked "S"
1.5.18 Oil, solvent, acid and other chemical tanks to be drawn to scale and suitably marked.
1.5.19 Open storage areas to be clearly shown by hatched outlines and marked Open Storage
Site for.
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1.5.19 Electric cable(s) for the fire pump(s) to be shown in green line(s)
PROCEDURE TO BE FOLLOWED IN THE CASE OF APPLICATION FOR

DISCOUNTS :
2.0
The sanction of discounts off insurance: premiums shall necessarily follow consideration by the
Regional Office (TAC) of all details of the risk including manufacturing processes involved and
the protective appliances to be installed in order to ensure that the Standards laid down_have
been fully observed. To prevent confusion or disappointment, definite rules for procedure have
been laid down as follows:9'
2.1
Proposals for the installation of appliances shall be submitted to the Regional Office (TAC)
by the Leading Office on the risk and shall comprise I
2.1.1
Material specifications of equipment and components of the installation indicating the name
of manufacturers, Standards/specifications and name of approving authority if any.
2.1.2
In the case of internal appliances details of the areas of the various compartments, their occupation
and the quantities and types of appliances proposed.
_
2.1.3
In the case of sprinkler and hydrant installation, fully dimensioned plans in duplicate as called
for in Item 1.
,
2.1.4
In addition to the above, the following details would be necessary in the case of hydrant
installation:
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Drawings showing layout of the entire hydrant system incorporating type of Joints,
details of Pump and its Prime Mover. Another Table giving the details of Single Headed
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FIRE PROTECTION -MANUAL

and Double Headed Hydrants, Internal Hydrants, Fire escape Hydrants, number of
Hose Pipes (15 M and 7.5 M length) and Branch Pipe with nozzles including 10%
spares, mode of distribution of those pipes and total equivalent number of Hydrants
should be included. There should be a Table showing the percentage of various Pipe
diameters used in the system.
a (II)
Typical Sectional Elevation Drawings showing the height, dimensions etc. of the stand post
for Single Headed Hydrant, Double Headed Hydrant, Monitor Specifying dia of nozzle, Riser
Main and landing valve of Riser Mains of FEH, Cut-off valve chambers in Plan and Elevation
should be incorporated.
a (Ill)
In case of Blocks having upper oors, separate upper floor plans showing the location Fire
Escape Hydrants (FEH) and staircases, Sectional Elevation Drawings of the Escape Staircase;
Riser Main and location of landingvalve of FEH should be submitted, preferably alongwith,
civil construction (Architects) drawing of Individual Blocks.
N.B.
In the case of storeyed blocks, oor area of each floor, with particulars of fire proof
shutters of Fire Proof Door and nearest Machinery, Wired Glass Windows etc. to be
marked.
(bl
Layout of pump house showing clearly the suction, delivery and priming (if any) arrangements
alongwith full scale Drawing of Pump, Motor, Diesel Engine, D.G. Control Panel, MCC for
Electric Driven Pumps, Valves, etc.
(C)
Details of water storage tanks giving particular of compartmentation and jackwell, details of
inow and particulars of tappings for other purposes, if any; with Water Reservoir capacity,
RCC or Steel, Lined or unlined, combined Process Water or Exclusive Fire Water Reservoir
should be given.
(d)
Sub-station location in relation to other blocks if the pump is electrically driven. If the substation
is attached to any other Building, the details of segregation from adjoining Buildings, indicating
Transformer Room, L.T., H.T., Location of change over switch, D. G. Room etc.
(e)
Plans of Sub-Station showing thickness of internal walls and equipment layout alongwith single
line schematic diagram of the the pump from the Main substation to the Fire Pump Room
alongwith Tapping, Circuit Breakers and Switch Fuse Units.
(fl
Route of cable from Sub-Station to tire pump house.
(Q)
Schematic circuit line diagram showing power supply inside the Fire
(h)
Legend explaining the various symbols used should be given.
2.2 I
Discounts will be considered only if all hand appliances and their accessories as well as all
components of hydrant, sprinkler and other fire protection systems are of a type and make,
approved by the Tariff Advisory Committee.
Pump Room.
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2.3
No discounts will be considered for a sprinkler or hydrant system unless the same has been
hydraulically tested with trenches open at least once during the course of installation by the
Committees Inspectorate, and found in order. Further, site engineer of the Installing contractor
should maintain progress record with protocol duly signed by representative of the client and
him.
2.4
The prior submission of proposals to the Committee before the work is commenced, is essential,
to ensure that the installation will conform to the Committee's requirements but does not dispense
with the procedure laid down hereafter for application for the sanction of discounts.
2.5
Application for discounts shall be submitted on special forms provided for the purpose by
the Committee and shall comprise:
2.6
2.5.1
Application by the Leading Office (Appendix I) .
2.5.2
Guarantee by the Insured (Appendix ll)
2.5.3
Schedule of Appliances (Signed by Insured) (Appendix III)
In every case, a plan of the premises prepared in accordance with the requirements indicated
in 1.1 to 1.5 shall accompany any application for a discount for fire extinguishing appliances
and, in the case of sprinkler and/or hydrant installations, Installing Engineers detailed As Erected
working drawings are essential.
N.B
A Certificate of Completion" from the installing Engineers stating the pressure tests to which
the installation(s) has been subjected and giving the date(s) from which it was in complete
working order should also be submitted. Further, Progress Record with Protocol should be
duly signed by Client, Installing Contractor and / or Project Consultants.
2.7
Even in the case of extensions to an existing service, a complete set of IOITTIS and plants
detailed in 2.5 and 2.6 above shall be submitted.
2.8
Applications which relate to discounts for appliances other than hydrants shall also be accompanied
by a plan of the premises showing the layout and distribution of appliances.
2.9
No application for discount can be entertained until the _relative appliances are complete, in
position, ready for use and fully operative. An appropriate discount or allowance will be sanctioned
by the Committee from the date of the completed application, (in accordance with 2.5 and
2.6 above) subject to the appliances being found in order on inspection by the Committee's
Inspectorate. In the event of the installation being found incomplete or defective, the discount
will be withheld (or withdrawn if already notified) until the defects have been rectified to the
satisfaction of the Committee.
2.10
No allowance shall be made for Fire Extinguishing Appliances until notified by the Committee
either by letter or circular, and then, with effect only from the date specified in such notification.
2.11
Discounts sanctioned solely on account of installation of internal appliances will be valid for
a period of four years only; hence fresh applications, accompanied by the report of the Engineers
of the Insurance Company (as per Appendix IV ) shall be submitted every four years.
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2.12
Proposals for the installation of appliances not specifically covered by these rules shall first
be submitted to the Committee for approval.
2.13
Offices and the insured are requested not to change block numbers as this naturally affects
the Committees records and causes confusion. If block numbers have to be changed, the
Committee shall be notified at once.
2.14
Discounts sanctioned for installation of appliances shall normally stand withdrawn in the event
of a strike or lockout in the premises for a duration of seven days or more. For this reason,
it is imperative that the Committee be apprised as soon as a strike or lockout is declared.
COMMITTEES INSPECTION STAFF :

3.1
The Committee undertakes, as far as possible, the periodical inspection of all premises in which
fire extinguishing appliances, entitling the risk to special discounts or ratings for such appliances,
are installed. For this purpose, the Committees Inspection Engineers shall have the right of
access to the premises of the Insured at any time with or without giving any prior notice.
3.2
The Primary duty of the Inspecting Engineers is to report to the Committee on the condition
and efficiency of the appliances installed as well as to ensure that the regulations are being
observed. They will, however, give help and advices in the maintenance of the appliances
and on matters pertaining to fire protection and prevention.
3.3.
The attention of the Inspecting Engineers shall be drawn, during their visits, to any changes
effected since the previous inspection or to any contemplated extensions andalterations to
the existing services. This procedure does not, however, dispense with the necessity of advising
the Insurance Company or Companies interested on the risk of any changes which affect the
plan of the risk or the details of the appliances recorded with Committee.
INTERNAL APPLIANCES :
4.0
Internal appliances generally consist of hand appliances (first aid appliances) and hose reels.
4.1
HAND APPLIANCES
4.1.1 GENERAL
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4.1.1.1 Hand appliances comprise buckets and extinguishers.

4.1.1.2 All appliances including extinguisher refills and foam compound shall be in capacities indicated
in the relevant Indian standards specification and shall bear ISI certification mark (Accessories
including extinguisher refills shall also be ISI certified.) Buckets shall be of round bottom type.
4.1.1.3 The usefulness of these appliances is limited as it is entirely dependent upon the presence
of persons having knowledge to operate them. Everything depends, however, on the speed
with which they are brought into. use as they are essentially First-Aid equipment, only meant
for attacking small fires in their incipient stages and are not intended to deal with large outbreaks
of fire.
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4.1.1.4 Since a variety of shapes and/or methods of operation of fire extinguishers can at times lead
to confusion and as failure to operate the extinguishers properly in the first instance results
in failure to quench the fire, it is recommended that extinguishers installed in any one building
or single occupancy be similar in shape and appearance and have the same method of operation
as far as possible.
4.1.1.5 It is recommended that an indicator board showing the number of buckets and extinguishers
installed in each department be provided over or near the main entrance to the department.
This will enable the person in charge of the appliances to ascertain at a glance if any appliances
are missing.
4.1.1.6 It is advisable to provide conspicuous location indicators of a suitable type for all extinguishers,
particularly those located in large compartments.
4.1.2
Selection of Hand Appliances :
4.1.2.1 Various types of hand appliances are available but all are not equally effective on all kinds
of fires. For this reason, the nature of contents of a building, the processes carried out therein
and the types of fires which may occur, shall be taken into consideration while selecting fire
appliances.
4.1.2.2 The different types of fires and appliances suitable for use on them are as under :-
Class of Fire
Suitable type of Appliances
Fires in ordinary
combustibles (wood,
vegetable fibres rubber,
plastics, paper and- the like).
Gas expelled
.
water type and anti-freeze
type extinguishers and water
buckets
Fires in ammable A
liquids, paints,
grease, solvents and the like.
Chemical Extinguishers of
Fires in gaseous
substances under
pressure including
liquefied gases.
Carbon Dioxide and

Dry Powder types and sand buckets.
Chemical Extinguishers of
Carbon Dioxide and Dry
Powder types.
Fires in Reactive
Chemicals, active
metals and the like.
Special type of Dry Powder

Extinguishers and sand
buckets
Where energised Electrical Equipment is involved in a fire, The Non-conductivity of the extinguishing
media is of utmost importance and only extinguishers expelling dry powder or carbon-di-oxide (without metal
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horn) should be used. Once the Electrical Equipment is de-energised, extinguishers suitable for class a, b,
c, may be used safely.
4.1.3
Requirements of Hand Appliances :
4.1.3.1 Procedure :
The minimum number of fire extinguishers needed to protect

a property shall be determined as outlined
below :a)
For any property, basic protection shall be appliances suitable for Class A fires, since Class
A fires are of universal character. The number of extinguishers shall be determined according
to rule 4.1.3.2.
b)
For occupancies where Class B fires are anticipated, a suitable number of appliances determined
by rule 4.1.3.2. shall be replaced by appliances as per table under rule 4.1.3.4.
c)
For occupancies where fires of C & D types are anticipated, the Committee may recommend
appropriate extinguishers.
4.1.3.2 One 9 litre water/sand bucket shall be provided for every 100 m2. of the floor area or part
thereof and one 9 litre water type extinguisher shall be provided to six buckets or part thereof
with a minimum of one extinguisher and two buckets per compartment of the building.
N.B. In the case of Cotton Gin and Press factories, the supply of hand appliances shall be double
that indicated above.
4.1.3.3 Buckets may be dispensed with for occupancies other than Cotton Gin and Press factories,
provided the supply of extinguishers is one- and-a-half times that indicated above in case
of Light Hazard Occupancies and double that indicated above in case of other occupancies.
Note: For categorization of occupancies refer rule 7.2.
4.1.3.4 Acceptable replacements for-water buckets and water type extinguishers in occupancies where
Class B fires are anticipated.
Acceptable
Buckets of Water
Water type
Replacements
Extinguishers
For One
For Three
For each 9 Litres
bucket
buckets
Extinguisher
Dry Sand
Carbon Dioxide Extinguishers
(IS 2878)
1 bucket
3 Kg.
3 buckets
9 Kg.
9 Kg.
(In not less than 2 Extinguishers)
Dry Powder Extinguishers

(IS 2171)
2 Kg.
5 Kg.
5 Kg.
(In one or more\Extinguishers)
Note
Any combination of the various appliances referred to above may be employed.
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4.1.3.5
13
For electrical equipment, it would be necessary to provide extinguishers as under:

4.1.35.1
For rooms containing electrical transformers, switchgears, motors and/or of electrical

apparatus only, not less than two 2 Kg. Dry Powder or Carbon Dioxide type extinguishers
shall be provided within 15m of the apparatus.
4.1.35.2
Where motors and/or other electrical equipment are installed in rooms other than those
containing such equipment only, one 5 Kg. Dry Powder or Carbon Dioxide Extinguisher
shall be installed within 15M of such equipment in addition to the requirements of

rules 4.1.3.2 and 4.1.3.4. For -this purpose, the same extinguisher may be deemed
to afford protection to all apparatus within 15m thereof.
4.1.3.5.3
Where electrical motors are installed on platforms, one 2 Kg. Dry Powder or Carbon
Dioxide type Extinguisher shall be provided on or below each platform.
In the case of a long platform with a number of motors, one extinguisher shall be
accepted as adequate for every three motors on the common platform.
N.B :
The above requirement will be in addition to the requirements of rules 4.1.3.2 and
4.1.3.4.
4.1.3.6
If in the premises, fires of Class C and D are also likely to occur, the appropriate extinguishers
and the number of such extinguishers will be decided by the Committee, in view of the special
nature of occupancies.
4.1.3'.7
7 Under special conditions, wheeled type extinguishers may be installed with the prior approval of
the Committee.
4.1.3.8
The appliances shall be so distributed over the entire oor area, that a person has to travel not
more than 15 m. to reach the nearest appliance.
Example: The following example will illustrate the method of determining the number of fire extinguishers
required to give adequate protection for a given property.
Risk : Light Engineering Workshop (Light Hazard).
Area = 315m X 112m. 1.3. 35,300 m=. ~

Types of Fires:
(i)
(ii)
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I Class A re due to nom1al combustibles.

Class B fire due to existence of Spray Painting process and storage of ammable liquids.
Number of appliances :
(i)
Basic Protection
353Buckets and
59 Water type Extinguishers
OR
90 Water type Extinguishers, if buckets are dispensed with.
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(ii)
For Class B fires 2 Water type Extinguishers are replaced by 2 Dry Powder Extinguishers.
(iii)
For electrical equipment 6 Dry Powder Extinguisher are provided. Thus the final number of
Extinguishers is :
4.1.4
Water type
88
Dry Powder type
Total
96
Selection of Sites for the Installation of Hand Appliances :
4.1.4.1
When selecting sites for hand appliancesdue consideration shall be given to the nature
of the risk to be covered. Appliances shall be placed in conspicuous positions and shall
be readily accessible for immediate use in all parts of the occupancy. It should always
be borne in mind while selecting sites that hand appliances are intended only for use
on incipient fires and their value may be negligible if the fire is not extinguished or brought
under control in the early stages.
4.1.4.2
Generally, hand appliances shall be placed as near as possible to exits or staircase landings.
Wherever possible, advantage shall be taken of normal routes of escape by placing appliances
in positions where they can readily be seen by persons following the natural impulse to
get out of danger. It is not advisable to place appliances at the ends of rooms remote
from exits unless they are necessary to cover a particular hazard there.
4.1.4.3
4.1.5
Buckets shall be placed at convenient and easily accessible locations either on hangers
or on stands. In the case of textile mills, it is strongly advised that a bucket be slung
at the end of each spinning and roving frame.
Maintenance of Hand Appliances :

4.1.5.1
General
4.1.5.1.1
It is important that hand appliances are always kept in their proper positions
and if temporarily removed for repairs, are immediately replaced. In order to
ensure this, all concerns shall arrange to provide at least one man, preferably
a pump man, whose duty is to see that the fire buckets are filled with water
It
and the extinguishers are in efficient working order and that all appliances are
in their correct positions.

4.1.5.1.2
It is recommended that in case the paint of any hand appliance gets chipped
off or gets faded, it shall be repainted to prevent it from rust and corrosion.
4.1.5.2
Buckets :
I
i
4.1.5'.2.1
Fire buckets shall not be used for any purpose other than that for which they
are intended, and shall always be kept full of water/sand.
4.1.5.2.2
To prevent breeding of mosquitoes and to comply with rules of local bodies,

the water in fire buckets shall be refilled every week and treated with sapon
creosote or phenyle in suitable quantities to just discolour the water.
r
4.1.5.2.3
I5
All buckets shall be refilled with clean water or sand, as the case may be,
immediately after use.
4.1.5.2.4
Spare buckets to the extent of 10% of the total number installed on the premises,
subject to a maximum of 50, shall always be kept in store.
4.1.5.3
Extinguishers :
4.1.5.3.1
Spare charges to the extent of 10% of the total number of extinguishers installed,
with a minimum of two shall always be kept in stock for each type of extinguisher
and be readily available.
4.1.5.3.2
Once a week, the extinguisher shall be checked to ensure that all movable
parts are working properly, that the plunger is in fully extended position, that
the nozzle is not obstructed in any way and that there is no leakage of the
extinguishing medium from the glands and noules. The extinguishers shall be
cleaned superficially and the brass parts polished. The nonle outlet and vent
holes in the threaded portion of the cap shall be checked for clogging.
4.1.5.3.3
Once a month, extinguishers of the Carbon Dioxide type shall be weighed.

If the weight recorded for any extinguisher is less than 90 per cent of the
weight of the fully charged extinguisher as marked on the body, the extinguisher
shall be sent for recharging.
4.1.5.3.4
Half the total number of water type extinguishers and one-fifth of the total
number of Dry Powder Extinguishers installed in the premises shall be subjected
to an operation test annually. Advantage shall be taken of this test to impart
training in the use of extinguishers, to the staff employed on the premises where
the extinguishers are located.
N.B.
Extinguishers which have been used in a fire during a period of six months
preceding the tests, need not be taken for testing.
4.1.5.3.5
Extinguishers installed in the premises shall be subjected to a hydraulic test

as specified in lS:2190 and at such intervals as laid down therein. Extinguishers
found leaking or distorted shall be rejected. Under no circumstances shall such
extinguishers be welded and reused.
N.B.
The hydraulic test shall be certified by the manufacturer(s) ~of the appliance(s)
or the factory Chief Engineer or the Factory Fire or Safety Officer or the service
/
contractors.
4.1.5.3.6
A record of the operation and hydraulic tests shall be maintained, which shall
be open to examination by the Committee's inspection staff.
4.1.5.3.7
The operating instructions of the extinguishers shall not be defaced or obliterated.

In case the operating instructions are obliterated or have become illegible due
to passage of time, fresh transfers of the same shall be obtained from the
manufacturers of the appliances and affixed to the extinguishers.
I!<
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4.2
uwr/a

Small Bore Hose Reels :
(This sort of protection is not deemed suitable for buildings/compartments containing electrical apparatus
only or in respect of buildings/compartments in which ammable liquids are stored and/or used.)
4.2.1
Hose reels shall normally be connected to the general water supply pipelines of the plant/
premises.
4.2.2
The number and distribution of hose reels shall be such that the whole of each oor is protected
and that no part of the oor is more than 6 m. distant from a hose nozzle when the hose
Z
is fully extended.
4.2.3
The hose reel shall be such as will enable not less than 22.5 litres of water to be discharged
per minute through a nozzle of not more than 6.35 mm. internal diameter.
4.2.4
Hose shall be of reinforced rubber not less than 19 mm. and not more than 32 mm. internal
diameter.
4.2.5
Hose lengths shall not'exceed 36.50m.

Mi
5.
MECHANICALLY DRIVEN FIRE ENGINES AND TRAILER PUMPS :

5.1
5.2
Application :
5.1.1
This method of protection will be accepted on its own merits for the protection of
blocks/facilities (other than open storage) in light and ordinary hazard occupancies.
Even in these occupancies buildings which have the highest point of the roof not exceeding
20 metres shall only be deemed to be protected.
5.1.2
For effective application, mobile engines and/or trailer pumps shall be sited at convenient
locations from where they can be speedily moved to any portion of the compound
in the event of a fire and for this purpose adequate vehicular arrangements shall be
available for towing trailer pumps.
Personnel :
'
In order to qualify for recognition, a fire fighting squad in accordance with rules 7.9.1 to
7.9.10 shall be maintained on the premises round the clock.
5.3
Equipment :
5.3.1
Trailer pumps and motor fire engines shall comply with the relevant Indian Standards
Specification or equivalent foreign specification and carry the requisite number and
type of fittings and accessories specified in such standards. Besides, each trailer pump
shall be provided with 12 lengths of 15 m. long hose pipes of 63 mm. diameter and
6 branch pipes with noules of 18 mm. diameter. For each motor fire engine, 18 hose
pipes each 15 m long and 63 mm diameter and nozzles of 18 mm shall be provided
alongwith 9 branch pipes.
,.ii
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5.3.2
5.3.3
l7
The capacities of individual trailer pumps and motor fire engine shall not be less than:
Trailer Pump
30 litres per second at 5.6 kg./cmz.
Motor Fire Engines
30 litres per second at 7 kg./cmz.
The number of appliances required shall not be less than that laid down hereunder:(a)
Light Hazard
1 trailer pump for every 7000 m2 of total built
Occupancies
up area of protected process and storage blocks

subject to a maximum of 3.
(b)
Ordinary Hazard
1 trailer pump for every 5000 m2 of total built
up area of protected process and storage blocks.

subject to a maximum of 4.
N.B.
One motor fire engine could be provided as a substitute for two trailer pumps. Portable
fire pump sets (1100-1600 lpm) can also be accepted treating two such units as equivalent
to one trailer pump of 1800 lpm provided these sets conform to IS:12717-1989.
5.3.4
For storeyed structures, in addition to the trailer pumps and/or motor fire engines, dry
risers of size conforming to N.B. 4 under rule 7.5.10 shall be installed with hydrant
outlets at each oor level and double male instantaneous inlets at ground level to
serve as connections for the trailer pumps in the event of a fire. The hydrants for
the upper oors shall be installed on landings of access staircases complying with rule
7.6.15 and a hose box containing two lengths of hose of 7.5 m. each and one nozzle
shall be provided alongside each of the upper oor hydrants. The number of risers
per building and correspondingly the number of access staircases shall depend on the
oor_area of upper storeys and for this purpose the requirement of rule 7.6.15 shall
apply.
Where it is not possible to fully comply with the provisions of rule 7.6.15, reference shall
be made to the Committee.
Water Supply :
5.4.1
The water supply to be drawn upon by trailer pumps or motor fire engines, shall be
I.
available in static tanks of at least 45,000 litres capacity so located that no part of
a protected building lies beyond 100 m. of the tank(s).
( 1)
(2)
In the case of storeyed buildings, the tank shall not be more than 50 m. from any
part of the building.
Provision shall be made for indicating the capacity of the tanks for various depths.
/
5.4.2
.
One static tank shall be provided for buildings with light hazard occupancy and two
for buildings with ordinary hazard occupancy. (Tank shall be so located as to give
easy access to the Fire Brigade.)
The same tank(s) shall be considered as the source of water supply for all detached buildings
a
~
inms'4'- ,
I8
-where no part of the building(s) lies beyond 100 m. of the tank. The above distance shall
-be reduced to 50 m. in the case of storeyed buildings.
5.4.3
Double - headed hydrants or water plugs of 100 mm. diameter fi-tted to the pressurised
general water service main of the premises may be considered as an alternative to
static tank provided that :
(a)
The water-pressure constantly maintained in the main is not less than 0.7 kg./
cm?
N.B.
(b)
The size of the main is at least 100 mm.
(c)
For light hazard occupancy, one double headed hydrant or one 100 mm. water
plug is so located that no part of the building is beyond 100 m. thereof. For
ordinary hazard occupancy, two double headed hydrants or two 100 mm. water
plugs are located as above.
In the case of storeyed buildings, the above distance shall be reduced to 50 m.

(d)
The pumping capacity of the general water supply is not less than the aggregate
pumping capacity of the trailer pumps and/or motor fire engines.
(e)
6.
The storage of general water supply is in excess of 1,00,000 litres.
HYDRANT PROTECTION FOR HIGH RISE BUILDINGS (NON-INDUSTRIAL)

6.1
Introduction
6.1.1
A building, the highest oor of which is more than 22 m above the surrounding pavement
level, shall be considered as a high rise building.
6.1.2
The rules are applicable to all types of buildings with non-industrial occupancies such
as Residential Hotels, Mercantile/ Business/Office buildings, apartments etc.
6.1.3
6.2
In case of Buildings situated in sloping terrain, reference shall be made to the Committee
in advance with full particulars.
_ V
Hydrant Protection (at ground or yard levels)

6.2.1
The ground level protection with hydrants on terminal mains will be acceptable, provided,
the plinth area of the building to be protected is less than 750 m2. The location of
the hydrants at ground level as well as the lay-out of the hydrants system shall, otherwise,
comply with various provisions under Section 7 of this Manual.
6.2.2
6.2.3
,
In case of buildings having a plinth area in excess of 750 m2, the location of the
hydrants at ground level as well as the lay-out of the hydrant system shall be governed
by the appropriate provisions under Section 7.6 of this manual. The Committee reserves
its right of insisting on water monitors in the place of few hydrants if deemed necessary.
7-
Orifice plates of suitable design shall be provided in the landing valves, where necessary,
to limit the operating pressure within 7 kg/cmz
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6.2.4
I9
Except where impracticable, all hydrant outlets shall be situated 1 m above ground
level.
6.3
Hydrant Protection - at various upper/lower (basement) levels
6.3.1
Access staircase
6.3.1.1 Design for a new building shall include provisions for adequate access staircases and lifts to
provide efficient means of escape and facilities for fire fighting.
6.3.1.2 One lobby approach staircase along with fire lift shall be provided for every 1000 m2 of oor
area of each storey/level (including basements). Normally a minimum of two such staircases
shall be required but in case the area of each. storey is less than 500 m2., one staircase is
acceptable.
'
6.3.1.3 The lobby approach staircase shall be of non-combustible construction. At least 50 % of total
. number of staircases required (with a minimum of one) shall be so located that one of their
enclosing walls be an external wall of the building.
6.3.1.4 Doors at the entrances of both the lobby approach access staircases and fire lifts shall be
provided with self-closing, smoke-tight doors having one hour fire resistance. This arrangement
will enable escape and fire fighting to be effected more efficiently.

Note : If the staircases and the fire lifts are located in the core of the building, a positive pressure
of 50 Pa or 20 Pa in excess of pressure in the lobby whichever is higher, shall be maintained within
the former as an alternative to the above provision.
6.3.1.5 The fire lifts shall be controlled by the fire brigade recall from the concourse level and shall
not respond to other calls after the fire brigade key has been activated. The cable supplying
power to the lift motor shall pass through routes of negligible fire risk.
6.3.2
Wet Risers
6.3.2.1 Wet riser(s) is/are a pipe or a number of pipes, permanently charged with water under pressure,
rising through the full height of the building.
I
6.3.2.2 The wet risers shall be located within the lobby approach staircases.
6.3.2.3 The diameter of the riser pipes shall not be less than 150 mm anywhere. One or two landing
valves shall be connected to the riser pipe at each storey/level. In case of excessive pressures
in hydrant outlets at lower levels, orifice plates of suitable design shall be provided in the
landing valves, where necessary, to limit the operating pressure to 7 kg/cmz
6.4
Hose Pipes and Nozzles
6.4.1
Sufficient length of hose, subject to a minimum of two lengths of 15 m each with couplings
attached, shall be provided for use in case of each hydrant point on risers. In addition, one
nozzle of 20 mm size fitted to a branch pipe shall also be provided. To avoid water damage,
it is advisable to have reinforced rubber lined hoses for use with internal hydrants. (IS-636)
6.4.2
Y
I
The number of hose pipes provided near external yard hydrants shall be such that no part
irs>61:wazm um
20
of the oor is more than 15 m from a hose nozzle when the hose is fully extended and
connected to hydrant landing valve.
6.4.3
Hoses, nozzles and branch pipes shall be kept adjacent to the hydrant outlet, in wall boxes
or recesses in the walls specially designed to blend architecturally with the buildings, if so
desired. All other requirements relating to the appurtenances shall be as per the provisions
under Section 7.7 of this Manual.
6.5
Pumping Arrangements
6.5.1
Each wet hydrant installation shall be supplied with water by an auto-start pumping set. A
stand-by pumpset of identical pumping capacity having a different prime mover shall also be
provided. '
6.5.2
Pumps shall have capacities of 38 Ltrs. per second (137 cu. metre per hour) or 47 Ltrs. per
second (171 cu. metre per hour) and the head generated at the rated discharge shall be such
that a minimum pressure of 3.5 Kg/cmz will be available at the highest landing valve in the
premises.
6.5.3
The suction, delivery and priming arrangements for the pump shall comply with provision
under Section 7.4.1 of this Manual.
<.
6.5.4
Jockey pump(s) shall be installed in addition to the main pump set(s). The pressure setting
for the pump(s) shall be such that it cuts in approximately at 0.35 kg./cmz below the normal
system pressure and cuts out at normal system pressure. The main fire pump(s) shall be arranged
to cut in approximately at 1 kg./cmz below the normal system pressure and shall be capable
only of manual shut down at churn pressure.
6.5.5
The power supply to the fire pump(s) shall be independent of all other supplies within the
premises. In other words even when the power supply to the entire premises is switched off,
- the supply to the fire pump(s) and other essential equipment shall remain uninterrupted.
6.5.6
-
Pump room shall be normally located detached in the compound of the building and shall
be preferably 6 metres away from the building. Where this is not feasible, the pump room
can be located inside the building provided it is segregated from the remainder of the building
in accordance with committees regulations and access to the pump room from the outside
of the building shall be either direct or through a passage which has no openings other than
to the pump room.
6.5.7
The pumping installation for the high rise installations shall conform to anyone of the following
methods to avoid undesirably high pressures in the riser mains :a)
Two pumps, one having a low head connected to the riser feeding the lower storeys
and the other having a higher head connected to the risers feeding the upper storeys,
shall be installed.
b)
A multi stage multi outlet pump shall be installed, separate outlets being connected
to the riser feeding the lower storeys and those feeding the upper oors. (See Fig.1
and 2)
L.~
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isn1~r.av:nm'.:- w

N.B.:
2l
For buildings over 60 m in height, hydrant system may either be designed as above
or may be divided into pressure zones. For each zone the water supply for the fire
protection would be designed to have pressure within the normal operating ranges
and zones of eight to ten storeys would be adequate with a check valve in each zone
to prevent the transmission of pressure to the zone below (each zone shall have a
height of 20 m to 25 m). In each zone of fire protection piping, there shall be a
gravity or pressure tank supply. This shall be supplemented by a fire pump to provide
required ow in the zone. The fire pump shall not be used to fill gravity or pressure
tank.
This should be filled from domestic water lines. In this arrangement, the pump in the lowest
zone takes suction from suction tank located at ground oor whereas pumps in other zones
take suction from the gravity/pressure tanks in the respective zone (See. Fig.3)
N.B.l: In addition to the above system, a gravity tank of 25000 ltrs. capacity shall be provided
on the top of thebuilding and it shall be connected to the pump delivery through
a non-return valve.
N.B.2: The pump controls can be located with the pump in each zone. -It can also be provided
at the ground oor depending upon the suitability and practicability of the particular
building in question.
6.6
Water Source
6.6.1
Effective capacity of fire ghting tank (See rule No. 7.3) shall not be less than 2 hrslaggregate
pumping capacity for buildings less than 60 m in height. The tank capacity shall, however,
be increased to 3 hrs. pumping capacity for buildings having height 60 m and above. The
tanks shall be constructed in two independent but interconnected compartments as per rule
7.3 of this Manual. ~
The fire tank must be in two compartments with abafe wall in between not going right
down to the base of the tank. This arrangement will ensure proper circulation of the fire water
and prevent stagnation. (See figure below.)
Domestic
tank
3(..
it
Jl~4
Fire tank
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.-
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lilsi.
22
I FIRE PROTECTION MANUAL
6.6.2
The storage tank shall be provided with a 150 mm fire brigade pumping connection to discharge
at least 2275 Ltrs. per minute into the tank. This connection shall not be taken directly into
the side of the storage tank, but arranged to discharge not less than 150 mm above the overow
level of the tank. The connection shall be fitted with stop valve in a position approved by
the committee in advance. An overow connection discharging to a visible drain point shall
be provided from the storage tank.
6.6.3
The fire brigade connection shall be fitted with four numbers of 63 mm instantaneous inlets
in a glass fronted wall box at a suitable position at street level, so located as to make the
inlets accessible from outside of the building. The size of the wall box shall be adequate to
allow hose to be connected to the inlets, even if the door can not be opened and the glass
has to be broken. Each box shall have fall of 25 mm towards the front at its base and shall
be glazed with wired glass with FIRE BRIGADE INLET painted on the inner face of the
glass in 50 mm size block letters.
6.6.4
In addition to the emergency fire brigade connection to the storage tank, a 150 mm connection
shall be taken from the four 63 mm instantaneous inlets direct to each hydrant riser so that
the fire brigade may pump to the hydrants in the event of hydrant pumps being out of commission.
The connection direct toseach riser shall be fitted with a sluice and reex valve each.
6.7
Fire Fighting Staff
6.7.1
A fire fighting squad consisting of security and maintenance personnel under the command
of a trained fire chief, conversant with the fire control system of the premises, shall be available.
Further, the public fire brigade shall also be acquainted with what is being installed in the
premises and how the protection systems operate. For this purpose, details of the arrangements
for fire fighting systems and the layout plan incorporating the position of the existing fire protection
system shall be forwarded to the local fire brigade for their information and necessary action.
6.7.2
As the efficiency of the wet riser system depends on the manner and speed at which they
are brought into use, a squad consisting of trained personnel and fire pump man shall be
maintained on the premises round the clock. The number of personnel for the squad shall
necessarily depend upon the size of the building but in no case shall be less than four trained
persons (excluding officer in-charge on duty and pump man) be available at anytime during
I
I
I
I
the day or night.

6.7.3
A public address system shall be provided on each oor including the control room in order
to enable security and fire fighting staff to give evacuation instructions to the occupants in
case of fire. Evacuation drills shall be arranged periodically.
6.7.4
A metal strip of 25 mm x 3 mm section shall be provided in the staircase enclosure running

throughout the height of the building to facilitate transmission and reception of fire messages
through walkie-talkie sets used by brigade personnel. The strip shall be electrically insulated
from the ground.
6.7.5
A plan_of the risk giving oor-wise details of all fire extinguishing appliances and water supplies
shall be displayed in the pump house as well as in the room of the security/fire officer who
is in-charge of the appliances.
0
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7.
/"'\
HYDRANT SERVICE :
(Installation of Hand Appliances as per the Committees Regulations is a prerequisite for any occupancy,
other than a storage occupancy, to be entitled to allowance for this system); '
7.1
General :
7.1.0
The following Regulations are not applicable to High-Rise Buildings, the highest oor of which
'
is more than 22 m. above the sunounding ground level or to Cotton Gin and Press Factories,
for which reference may be made to Sections 6 and 8 respectively.
7.1.1
'
7.1.2
A well designed and well laid hydrant service is the backbone of the entire fire fighting equipment
as it fights fires of serious proportions in all classes of risks and continues to be in full operation
even if part(s) of affected buildings and/or structures have collapsed, and alsotkeeps cool all
adjoining properties, thereby minimizing the exposure hazards.
The advantages of providing for possible future extensions in any scheme of hydrant protection
is often overlooked. A comparatively small extension with its attendant friction losses may overload
a main so seriously as to necessitate replacement by one of larger size and the small additional
initial cost of mains of somewhat larger capacity than immediate requirements may call for,
often leads to ultimate economy.

7.1.3
All components of the hydrant system shall be of a type and make approved by the Tariff
Advisory Committee.
7.1.4
The standards laid down in this Manual represent the accumulated experience of many years
but even when a hydrant service is designed and laid in accordance with these standards,
its efficiency in firefighting will ultimately depend upon the rapidity with which it is brought
into action and the ability with which its effort is directed.
<
7.1.5
The maintenance of an installation is equally vital and the importance of organized wetdrills
at regular intervals, which ensure that each man carries out his allotted duties in the shortest
possible time cannot be too strongly emphasized. (Please see 7.10 in this connection).
7.2
Classifications of Occupancies :
7.2.0
'
As the water supply, pumping capacity and other features of the hydrant system depend not
only on the size of the risk but also on its fire growth and spread potentialities, the risks
are to be categorised under the following classes for the purpose of hydrant system design:
N.B.
For categorisation of occupancies not listed hereunder reference shall be made to the Regional
Offices:
7.2.1
Light Hazard Occupancies :
Abrasive Manufacturing Premises

Aerated Water Factories
Agarbatti Manufacturing
Aluminium/Zinc and Copper Factories
Analytical and/or Quality Control Laboratories
FIRE. PROTECTION MANUAL

Asbestos Steam Packing & Lagging Manufacturers.
Battery Charging/Service Station
Battery Manufacturing
Breweries
Brick Works
Canning Factories
Cardamom Factories
Cement Factories and/or Asbestos Products
Manufacturing.
Ceramic Factories and Crockery and Stoneware Pipe Manufacturing.
Cinema Theatres (including PreviewTheatres)

Clay Works
Clock and Watch Manufacturing
Club
Coffee Curing & Roasting Premise

Computer installations (Main Frame)
Condensed Milk Factories, Milk Pasteurising Plant and Dairies.
Confectionery Manufacturing
Dwellings
Educational and Research Institutes
Electric Generating Houses (Hydel)
Electric Lamps (Incandescent & Fluorescent) and TV Picture Tube Manufacturing.
Electric Sub-Station/Distribution Station .
Electro Plating Works.
Electrmic and/or Computer Equipment Assemble and manufacturers.
Empty Containers Storage Yard
Engineering Workshops.
Fruits and Vegetables Dehydrating/Drying Factories.
Fruit Products and Condiment Factories.
Glass & Glass Fibre Manufacturing.
Godowns and Warehouses Storing non-combustible Goods.
Green Houses
Gold Thread Factories/Gilding Factories.
Gum and/or Glue and Gelatine Manufacturing.
Hospitals including X-ray and other Diagnostic Clinics.
Ice Candy and Ice-cream Manufacturing.
Ice Factories.
Ink (excluding Printing Ink) Factories
Laundries.
Libraries.
4
Mica Products Manufacturing.
Office Premises.
Places of Worship
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25
Pottery Works.
Poultry Farms.
Residential Hotels, Cafes & Restaurants.
Salt Crushing Factories and Refineries.
Stables.
/Steel Plants (other than Gas based)
Sugar Candy Manufacturing.
Sugar Factories and Refineries.

Tea Blending and Tea Packing Factories
Umbrella Assembling Factories
Vermicelli Factories.
Water Treatment/Water Filtration Plants and Water Pump House.
7.2.2
Ordinary Hazard Occupancies :
Airport and other Transportation Terminal Building.

Arecanut slicing and/or Betelnut Factories.
Atta and Cereal Grinding.
Bakeries.
Beedi Factories.
Biscuit Factories.
Bobbin Factories.
Book-binders, Envelopes & Paperbag Manufacturers.
Bulk Storage
Cable Manufacturing
Camphor Boiling.
Candle Works.
I
A
Carbon Paper/Typewriter Ribbon Manufacturers.
Card board Box Manufacturing.
Carpenters, Woodwool & Furniture Manufacturers.
Carpet and Drugget Factories.
Cashew nut Factories. V
Chemical Manufacturing.
'~./2
Cigar and Cigarette Factories.
Coffee Grinding Premises
Coir Factories
Coir Carpets, Rugs and Tobacco, Hides and
Skin Presses
Cold storage premises.
Cork products manufacturing
Dry Cleaning, Dyeing, Laundries.
Electric Generating Stations (other than Hydel)
Enamelware Factories.
I
lter & Wax-paper Manufacturing.
Flour Mills.
bl't~
__._ .1-,=__
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. _ ,.________.,,_,___, _,_,_,_____._
. ..........__-*._.._----_---.---4-
imam-.ma'rw
4/>.ll!A_\ATAq\Ih -aim-=a.=em.~a-as

Garages.
Garment Makers.
Ghee Factories (other than vegetable)
Godowns & Warehouses (others).
Grain and/or Seeds Disintegrating and/or Crushing Factories.
Grease Manufacturing.
Hat and Topee Factories.
Hosiery, Lace, Embroidery & Thread Factories.
Incandescent Gas Mantle Manufacturers.
Industrial Gas Mfg. including Halogenated Hydro Carbon gases
Linoleum Factories.
Man-made Yarn/Fibre Manufacturing (except acrylic)
Manure and Fertilizer Works.
(Blending, Mixing and Granulating Only)
Mercantile Occupancies (Dept. Stores,
Shopping Complexes/Malls)
Mineral Oil Blending and Processing.
Museums.
Oil & Leather Cloth Factories.
Oil Terminals/Depots other than those

categorised under High Hazard A.
Oxygen Plants.
Plywood Manufacturing/Wood Veneering Factories.
Paper & Cardboard Mills.
Piers, wharves, dockyards.
Plastic Goods Manufacturing.
Printing Press Premises.
Pulverising and Crushing Mills.
Rice Mills.
Rope Works.
Rubber Goods Manufacturing.
Rubber Tyres and Tubes Manufacturing.
Shellac Factories.
Shopping Complexes (underground)
Silk Filatures and cocoon stores.
Spray painting
Soaps and Glycerine Factories.
Starch Factories
Steel Plants (Gas Based)
Tanneries/Leather Goods Manufacturers.
Tank farms (other than those
categorised under high hazard A.)
I
I
I
' ~~i-ms.
_QDI>Ii$7$6-'
27
Textile Mills.
Tea Factories.
Telephone Exchanges.
Theatres and Auditorium
Tobacco (Chewing) and Pan-masala Making.
Tobacco Grinding and Crushing.
Tobacco Redrying Factories.
Woolen Mills.
7.2.3
High Hazard Occupancies :
(Al
Aircraft Hangers
Aluminium/Magnesium Powder Plants
Bituminised Paper and/or Hessian
Cloth Manufacturing including Tar Felt
Manufacturing.
Cotton Waste Factories
Coal and/or Coke and/or Charcoal Ball Briquettes Manufacturing.

Celluloid Goods Manufacturing.
Cigarette Filter Manufacturing.

Cinema Films & T.\l Production Studios
Collieries.
Cotton Seed Cleaning or Delinting Factories.

Distilleries.
Duplicating and Stencil Paper Manufacturing.
Fire-works Manufacturing.
Foamed Plastics Manufacturing and/or
Converting Plants.
Grass, Hay, Fodder & Bhoosa (chaff)
Pressing Factories.
Jute mills & jute presses
*LPG Bottling Plants (Mini)
Match Factories.
I
Man Made FIIJTQS (Acrylic fibres/yarn) making
Mattress and Pillow Making.
Metal or Tin Printers (where more than 50% of oor area is occupied as
Engineering Workshop this may be taken as Ordinary Hazard Risk)
011 Mills
I
I
'
Oil Extraction Plants (other than those forming part of ghee factories & oil refining factories.)
Oil Terminals/Depots handling ammable liquids having ash point of 32C and below.
Paints & Varnish Factories.
Printing Ink Manufacturing.

Saw Mills.
i.
3&1
I
v
P
__
..._... _ __ ___
_ ._._
__
. .. ..___.__.....___..._.._z .z__._...
.__._ .._-.. _.__._-.__._.__-
j?#1
>'IW*v:i"*v3Yf"li
28

Sponge lron Plants.
Surgical Cotton Manufacturers
Tank
farm storing ammable liquids having ash point of 32C and below.
Tarpaulin & Canvas Proofing Factories.
'
Turpentine & Rosin Distilleries.

Tyre Retreading and Resoling Factories.
* Bottling plants having total inventory not exceeding 100 mt of LPG and also bottling a
total quantity of not exceeding 20 mt of LPG per shift of 8 hrs.
(B)
Ammonia and Urea Synthesis Plants.

CNG Compressing and Bottling Plants
Explosives Factories.
LPG Bottling Plants (other than mini)
Petrochemical Plants.
Petroleum Refineries.
7.3
Water Supply :
7.3.1
Water for the hydrant service shall be stored is an easily accessible surface or underground lined
reservoir or above ground tanks of steel, concrete or masonry. The effective capacity of the reservoir
above the low water level (defined hereunder), or above the top of the pump casing (in case of
ooded suction) if the same is higher than the low water level, for the various classes of occupancies
and size of hydrant installations shall be as indicated in table 1.

N.B.1 The low water level is a point at least three times the diameter of the suction pipe above the draw-
off point. (See figs. 4,5 and 6)

N.B.2: Large Natural Reservoirs with Water Capacity Exceeding 10 times the aggregate water requirements
of all Fire Pump, therefrom may be left unlined.

7.3.2
Reservoirs of and over 225,000 litres capacity shall be in two interconnected equallcompartments
to facilitate cleaning and repairs.
7.3.3
The size of the fire water sump shall be such that the smaller side is at least equivalent to six times
the diameter of the largest suction pipe. The suction pipe(s) shall be located along the central longitudinal
axis of the sump and the positioning of the pipes shall be such that no pipe is within a distance
of twice its own diameter from another suction pipe or from the wall of the sump.
7.3.4
/'7
Where the fire pump(s) draw water from the reservoir under suction lift condition, the two compartments
shall be connected to a common sump through sluice or gate valves. The suction arrangement of
the fire pump(s) shall be as indicated in rule 7.4.1.8, 7.4.1.9, 7.4.1.10 and 7.4.1.12 hereunder.
7.3.5
In case -of dual purpose reservoirs catering to fire water and general water requirements the general
water pumps shall draw their supply from a separate sump which shall be connected only to the
fire water sump, the interconnection being so located that the effective quantity (as defined above)
of water available in the reservoir for fire water requirements below the level of the interconnection
is at least equivalent to the quantities indicated in table 1. Incoming mains shall be connected to
Fire Water Compartment and only overow of Fire water Compartment should go to process.
(.
4
E
>-azmw."

7.3.6
29
Where the reservoir provides positive suction for the fire pump(s) in terms of the note under rule
7.4.1.11, tapping shall be taken from both the compartments and shall be connected through sluice
valves to a common suction header. The pumps, in turn, shall draw their suction from the common
header through sluice valves. In case of dual purpose reservoirs catering to fire water and general
water requirements, the tapping for the general water pumps shall be taken at a higher level such
that the capacity of the reservoir between the low water level as defined heretofore (or the top of
the fire pump casing in case it is higher than the low water level) and the general water tapping
is at least equivalent to the requirements indicated in table 1.
TABLE 1_
Nature of Risk
Capacity of Static Storage Exclusively
reserved for hydrant service.

1.
Light Hazard
2.
Ordinary Hazard
Not less than__g_,_j3ours aggregate pumping capacity.
3.
High Hazard (A)
Not less than 3 hour's aggregate pumping capacity.
4. High Hazard (B)
Not less than 4 hour's aggregate pumping capacity.
Not less than 1 hour's aggregate pumping capacity with a

minimum of 1,323,000 litres;
N.B.l: The capacity of the reservoir for ordinary and high hazard class occupancies may be reduced by _
the quantum of inow (of one hour in case of ordinary hazard, 90 minutes in case of high hazard
(A) and two hours in cases of high hazard (B)_ occupancies), from a reliable source (other than town's
main) having prior approval of the committee, but in no case shall the reservoir capacity be less
than 70% of that mentioned above.
N.B.2: In case of light hazard class occupancies the minimum capacity of the reservoir shall be increased
to 2,25,000 litres if the highest oor of the building is more than 15m. above the surrounding ground
level.
N.B.3: A higher capacity of reservoir than that required as per Table 1 may be stipulated by the Committee
where considered necessary.
7.4
Pumps :
7.4.1
General
4
i
7.4.1.1 Pumps shall be exclusively used for fire fighting purposes, be ofa type approved by the Committee,
and shall be 2-
(a)
Quadruple acting reciprocating steam pumps.
(b)
or
Electric Motor or Steam Turbine driven centrifugal pumps.
(c)
or
Compression ignition engine driven centrifugal pumps.
(d)
- or
Vertical turbine submersible pumps.
F.
2
,.~.
t
#2
~7';3=\$Nt!~
35
p
Zor www-1
30
7.4.1.2 Pumps shall be direct-coupled, except in the case of engine-driven vertical turbine pumps wherein
gear drives conforming to approval standard of Factory Mutual System for right angled gear drives,
Class No.1338 shall be used.
Belt-driven pumps shall not be accepted.
7.4.1.3 Parts of pumps like impeller, shaft sleeve, wearing ring etc. shall be of non-corrosive metal preferably
of brass or bronze or stainless steel.
Where sea water is used or where the quality of water necessitates the use of special metals/alloys,
the use of such metals or alloys shall be insisted upon.
7.4.1.4 The capacity of the pump(s) would depend on whether or not tapping(s) for water spray and/or foam
protection for tanks/spheres/bullets/plants/other facilities is (are)'taken from the hydrant service. In case
there is no tapping from the hydrant service, the capacity of the pump shall be as per rule 7.4.1.4.1
hereunder. However, where the water demand for water spray and/or foam protection as per rules
7.4.1.4.2 , 7.4.1.4.3, 7.4.1.4.4, 7.4.1.4.5 and 7.4.1.4.6 is in excess of that required for the hydrant
system, the pumping capacity shall be based on the higher water demand.
7.4.1.4.1
The capacity for hydrant service shall be determined by the class of occupancy and size of installation
as per Table 2 hereunder :
Table 2
Nature of
Risk
1.
Light hazard
Number of
Hydrants
Pump
Capacity
Delivery
in Litres/
Pressure at
pump discharge
Sec.
end at rated
(M3/houg
capacity in kg/cmz
i) Not exceeding 20
27 (96)
5.6*
ii) Exceeding 20
but not exceeding 55
38 (137)
47 (171)
47 (171)
7/8.8
iii)
Exceeding 55
**iV)
Exceeding 100
plus 47 (171)
for every '2
additional 125
hydrants or
part thereof.
A ~11:
,.
___-.____.._._z_..-...

*N.B. 1:
w1
3'l
The pump delivery pressure will need to be 7kg./cm, if the highest oor of the risk is at a height
exceeding 15 m above the surrounding ground level.
**N.B. 2;
'
Where the systems are hydraulically
designed as per NB 2 & NB 3 below-rule 7.5.10 the total
pumping capacity need not be greater than 190 (683) irrespective of the number of hydrant points.
2.
Ordinary Hazard
i) Not exceeding 20
38 (137)
47 (171)
ii) Exceeding 20
buhfexceeding 55
7
7
T?
76 (273)
iii) Exceeding 55

**iv) Exceeding 100_
plus 76 (273)
**N.B.:
75 (Q3)
7/8.8
45,?
_....__, ..
for every
additional 125
hydrants o_r=;art thereof.
Where the systems are hydraulically designed as per NB 2 & NB 3 of rule 7.5.10 the total pumping
capacity need not be greater than 302 (1092) irrespective of the number of hydrant points.
.
3.
High Hazard
i) Not exceeding 20 ' '
47 (171)
76 (273)
7/8.8
iii) Exceeding 55
114 (410)
7/8.8
iv) Exceeding 100

plus 114 (410)
for every additional
150 hydrants ,_or.
part thereof.
114 (410)
i) Not exceeding 20
Two of
47 (171)
ii) Exceeding, 20
but not
exceeding 55
Two of
76 (273)
7/8.8
iii) Exceeding 55
Two of
114 (410)
7/8.8
Two of 114
8.8/10.5
(A)
ii) Exceeding 20
/
4. High Hazard
(B)
but not
7/8_.8/10.5
exceeding 100
snciv)
Exceeding 100
(410) plus one of
114 (410) for every
1.
S..
T1
Bln"'1W QI~'-5%
32
, .,...,......;_..L;.<-1--,.-~=-_--.-.

additional 200
V
hydrants or part thereof.
**This provision will apply only in cases where the hydrant service has been hydraulically designed as per
N.B. 3(b) under rule 7.5.10
N.B.1: In case of high hazard B occupancies where the aggregate pumping capacity required in terms of
the above table or of rules 7.4.1.4.2, 7.4.1.4.4, 7.4..1.4.5 and 7.4.1.4.6 hereunder exceeds 1640
m3/hr., larger capacity pumps are acceptable provided the capacity of the largest pump does not exceed
25% of the aggregate installed pumping capacity is disrupted when any pump is in operative
N.B.2: In case of light hazard occupancies, the pump delivery pressure shall be 7kg/cm? if the highest oor
of the risk is at a height exceeding 15 m above the surrounding ground level.
N.B.3: In case of Oil Refineries, Petrochemical complexes or other risks where double headed hydrants are
used throughout the risk so that the total number of hydrants (counting a double headed hydrant
as two hydrants) is about double the number of hydrants required as per the general requirements
of this Manual, a double headed hydrant may be regarded as a single hydrant only.
7.4.1.4.2
Where storage tanks containing ammable liquids are protected by a medium velocity water spray
system tapped from the hydrant service, the water requirements of the spray system shall be calculated
for tanks located in a common dyke which have the largest aggregate shell surface area at a
rate of 10 lpm/m2 of tank shell surface area, except where the system has been designed to comply
with the provisions contained in N.B.4 under rule 7.6.19 (mandatory protection) in which case
the rate of ow can be reduced to 3 lpm/m2.

Even in the case of tanks located in separate dykes, the shell surface area of all tanks located
within a distance of 15m. (or the diameter of the larger tank if the same is more than 15m.)
shall be aggregated and the water demand of such cluster of tanks shall be calculated at the
rate of ow indicated in the foregoing paragraph.
.
The water requirement of the spray system worked out as above shall then be loaded for supplementary
hose stream protection as under :
'
Where the largest tank in a dyke has a diameter of :
i)
Upto 10 m
1150 litres/minute
ii) More than 10 m and

upto 20 m
2250 litres/minute
iii) Over 20 m
3400 litres/minute
If the total water requirement for spray protection and hose stream protection for storage tanks
worked out as above exceeds the requirements of the hydrant service as per Table 2, the pumping
capacity shall be equivalent to the former.
7.4.1.4.3
Where storage tanks are protected by a fixed foam system connected to the hydrant service, water
requirement for the foam system shall be equivalent to that required by the largest protected tank
at a rate of 5 lpm/mz of liquid surface area for fixed roof tanks and 12.2 lpm/m2 of rim seal
__
"
_ ._.._-.1. ..~-.~1~w.-x<=a=re=n-.-
33
in case of oating roof tanks.

Other conditions regarding supplementary hose stream protection, pumping capacity et_c., would
remain the same as for water spray protection.
7.4.1.4.4
Where spheres/bullets are protected by a medium velocity water spray system tapped from pressurised
hydrant service, water requirements of the spray system shall be determined as under:
Taking into consideration the configuration of bullets/sphere, the one which has the largest number
of other bullets/spheres within R +15
of the center thereof shall be selected. The water demand
shall then be worked out at the rate of 10 lpm/ma of the aggregate shell surface area of the
bullet/spheres concemed and all bullets/spheres within R +_.15 m of the centre thereof.
Water application may be reduced to 5 lpm/m2 where the bullets/spheres are coated with approved
passive matrials providing fire resistance of at last 2 hours.
The water requirement of the spraysystem worked out as above shall then be loaded for supplementary
hose stream protection as under:
WATER CAPACITY OF BULLETSI
SUPPLEMENTARY HOSE
SPHERES (IN M3)
STREAM PROTECTION (LPM)
1.
UPTO AND INCLUDING 50M
"F 1700
2.
ABOVE 50M AND UPTO 150 M3
2250
3.
ABOVE 150M3
4500
If thetotal water requirement for spray protection and hose stream protection for spheres/bullets worked out
as above exceeds the requirements of the hydrant service as per Table 2, the pumping capacity shall be
equivalent to the former.
.
NOTE :
7.4. 1.4.5
For design criteria of medium velocity water spray system reference shall be made to committees
rules for water spray system.
Where plants and other facilities are protected by medium velocity water spray systems tapped
from hydrant service, water requirement of the spray system shall be determined as per Committee's
rules for Water Spray Systems. Water requirements of the spray systems worked out as above
shall then be loaded by 4500 LPM for supplementary hose stream protection.
If the total water requirement for spray protection and hose stream protection worked out as above
exceeds the requirements of the hydrant service as per Table 2, the pumping capacity shall be
equivalent to the fonner.
'
'
7.4.1.4.6
Where transformers are protected by high velocity water spray system tapped from hydrant service,
water requirements of the spray system shall be determined as per Committee's rules for water
spray system. Water requirement of the spray system worked out as above shall then be loaded
by 1750 LPM for supplementary hose stream protection.
If the total water requirement for spray protection and hose stream protection worked out as above
i~
Ft
*1
-.
if:zlwrm-.>~1 .
_, _,__.,,,\...,. :11-yer-vsgvqvan
34
exceeds the requirements of the hydrant service as per Table 2, the pumping capacity shall be
equivalent to the former.7.4.1.4.7
Where plants and other facilities are protected by sprinkler system tapped from the hydrant service,
water requirement of the sprinkler system shall be determined as per the Committees Rules for
Sprinkler System.
If the water requirement for the sprinkler system exceeds the requirement of the hydrant service
as per Table 2, the pumping capacity shall be equivalent to the former.

7.4.1.5
Pumps shall be capable of furnishing not less than 150% of rated capacity at a head of not
less than 65% of the rated head. The shut-off head shall not exceed 120% of rated head in
the case of horizontal pumps and 140% in the case of vertical turbine type pumps.
7.4.1.6
Each pump shall be provided with a plate giving, in the case of centrifugal pumps, the delivery
head, capacity and the number of revolutions per minute, and in the case of reciprocating pumps,
the diameter of the steam cylinders and water plungers and the length of the stroke, as also the
ratios of the effective aggregate areas of the suction and the delivery valves to the area of the
water plungers.
7.4.1.7
/.
.
mg
_
/
,
,
} In case of electrically driven pumps it is recommended that compression ignition engine driven .
.
stationary pump of similar, capacity be installed as a standby and vice VfS?j
the hvdrant_,._rxis....s9$i$t.<2f..m<>r@.. ll!.'3_.9.'1?..-PmP1 not more than....h.a!f..th..t2tat.ngmb@r fetal

number;1 in case of odd number) of pumpsshall have primemrnoversg ofione type.
(The above provision is not applicable to systems commissioned before 1982).
7
K
Not-withstanding the above, if power to motorised fire pumps is obtained from two sources, one
of which is a captive generating plant located in a block either 6m away from all surrounding
buildings or, where this is not feasible, segregated from adjoining building in a manner indicated
in Rule 7.4.3.1 more than half the total number of pumps may be of the electrically driven type.
7.4.1.8
Each fire service pump shall be provided with an independent suction pipe without any sluice
or cut~off valves therein, unless the pump is situated below the level of the water supply in which
case sluice or cut-off valves would be essential.
Where the water supply has fibrous or equally objectionable matter in suspension or mud and/
or sand liable to cause accumulation in the installation, suction pipe(s) shall be installed in a jackwell
fed through a culvert from the main water supply. At the supply end of the culvert, a sluice or
gate valve shall be provided.
\\
N.B.: The suction pipe shall be connected to the pump inlet through an eccentric reducer to avoid air
pockets.
7.4.1.9
The diameter of the suction pipe shall be such that the rate of ow of water through it does
not exceed 90m per minute when the pump is delivering at its rated discharge. If, however, the
pump is situated below the level of its water supply, the diameter of the suction pipe/header shall
be based upon a rate of ow not exceeding 120m per minute.
__.E ...__
...
,-
1 ..
... 7 2.... ...-,=.-..-\~s.a.,~,,,!.c@.;.

7.4.1.10
35
.Where the pump is to operate under suction lift condition, the Net Positive Suction Head (NPSH)
available at site shall be 0.5m in excess of the actual value required at 150% of the duty point
as per the manufacturer's curves of the pump.
Note :
For the purpose of the above, NPSH available atgsite shall be computed by deducting the sum
of the static lift (measured from the low water level, defined in rule 7.3, upto the centreline
of the pump) and friction loss in the suction pipe and fittings from atmospheric pressure.
7.4.1.11
Fire pumps in High Hazard (B) category occupancies shall be provided with positive suction and
automatic starting devices capable of sequential starting of the pumps. The pump shall be connected
to audible alarm such as hooter or a siren located in a prominent place outside the pump house.
Where there is a central fire station in the premises, additional alarm point shall also be provided
in the fire station.
The pumping arrangements shall also incorporate jockey to take care of system losses. The capacity
of the jockey pumps shall neither be more than 5% of theinstalled pumping capacity nor less
than 3% thereof (with a minimum of 10.8 M3/Hr), unless the aggregate installed pumping capacity
is in excess of 820M3/Hr., in which caselthe capacity of tlfe jockey pump(s) shall be not less
than 25M3/Hr. plus 1% of the installed pumping capacity in excess of 820M3/Hr. Installation off
---.: ~.-_. ~.-
7.4.1.12
Jockey Pump also helps to prevent Hydraulic Surges.
Z-C
In the case of Light, Ordinary and High Hazard(A) Category occupancies, when the pump is
above the level of its water supply, there shall be a foot valve and priming arrangement, the
latter consisting of a tank (having a capacity at least three times that of the suctionupipe from
the pump to the foot valve subject to a minimum of 1000flitres) connected to the delivery side
of the pump by a metal pipe having a minimum internal diameter of 100 mm with a stop valve
and a non-return valve therein of the same size. A reliable independent filling arrangement and
a level indicator shall be provided for the priming tank and, wherever feasible, a continuous overow
arrangement shall be provided in order to ensure that the tank is always full. It is recommended
that for pumps taking Suction from a stored water supply, a vortex plate shall be installed at
entrance to the suction pipe. i
Wherever circumstances permit, the pumps shall preferably be fixed below the level of the water,
supply (positive suction). If the pumps are automatic in action, they shall necessarily be so fixed.
However, if the priming arrangements are such as to ensure that the suction pipe shall be automatically
maintained full of water notwithstanding a serious leakage therefrom (the pump being automatically
brought into action to replenish the priming tank should the latter be drawn upon at a greater
rate than the rate at which it is fed from any other source), positive suction may not be insisted.
In such cases, the capacity of the priming tank need not exceed 450 litres and the diameter of
the priming pipe need not exceed 50mm. Jockey pump(s) of capacity indicated in rule 7.4.1.11
shall, nevertheless, be provided in systems where the main pumps are automatic in action.
Where pump(s) are automatic in action, they shall be connected to audible alarm such as hooter
or a siren located in a prominent place outside the pump house. Where there is a central fire
station in the premises, additional alarm point shall also be provided in the fire station.
Note :
For the purpose of rules 7.4.1.8, 7.4.1.9, 7.4.1.11 and 7.4.1.12, a pump shall be considered
l
l
E
-1.4
-______
mi?
IF
,~.~_'. zes ~-.,~_=_-
36

as having positive suction only if the quantity of water in the reservoir above the low water level
(see N.B. under rule 7.3) or the top of the pump casing, whichever is higher, is equivalent to
the requirements of Table 1.

7.4.1.13
Each pump shall be provided with a non-return valve and a sluice valve on the delivery side,
the sluice valve being installed on the upstream side of the non-return valve. A pressure gauge
shall also be provided between the pump and the non-return valve. The size of the non-return
valve and cut-off (sluice) valve shall not be less than the size of the initial delivery pipe and,
in no case, less than the delivery outlet of the pump. Further as'Buttery valve can create turbalance
adversely affecting the pump performance no Buttery valve shall be installed on the suction side.
7.4.1.14
When the premises are also protected by sprinkler installation having elevated tank(s) as one of
the main sources of water supply, and where the arrangement for filling the tank(s) is taken from
the hydrant service, the connection shall be taken directly from the pump to the top of the tank
(through a stop valve) and not through the hydrant mains. (See fig 7)
7.4.1.15
Pumps shall not be installed in the open. The pump rooms shall normally have brick/concrete
walls and non-combustible roof, with adequate lighting, ventilation and drainage arrangements.
The pump room shall be so located as to be both easily accessible and where any falling masonry
and the like from other buildings occasioned by fire or other causes cannot damage the pump
room. Normally the pump room shall be located 6m away from all surrounding buildings and
overhead structures. Where this is not feasible, the sides of the pump room falling within 6m
of the surrounding buildings shall be blank masonry walls of 355 mm thickness and the roof
of the pump room shall be of RCC. Likewise when the pump room is attached to a building,
a perfect party wall complying with the Committee's Regulations shall be constructed between
the pump room and the attached building, the roof of the pump room shall be of RCC construction
at least 100 mm thick and access to the pump room shall be from the outside. In no case shall
the pump room be sited within a building occupied for any other purpose.
N.B. :
For High Hazard(B) occupancies, in addition to the above provisions, the pump room shall be
located 30m clear of all equipment where ammable fluids having ash point below 65C are
handled and/or stored and 15m clear of pipes/pipe racks (of other than water). This provision
shall, however, not apply to systems commissioned before 1982. i
7.4.2
Steam Driven Pumps :

I
7.4.2.1
The capacity of steam driven pumps shall be based on the economical speed rec-
ommended by the makers, and the pumps shall be provided with a suitable air vessel,
steam and water pressure gauges. The working parts of the water ends shall be of
non-corrosive metal.
_
7.4.2.2
Pumps shall not be used for boiler feeding or any other purpose, except for filling
the elevated sprinkler tank(s).
7.4.2.3
There shall be at least two boilers connected to the pump, out of which one shall
be under pressure at all times.
1
4.
I
l
~;
irwrzusurx
7.4.2.4
37
Steam at a pressure of 4.2 kg/cm or more if specified by the makers shall be available
at the pump at all times.

7.4.2.5
The ratio of the area of the steam cylinders to water cylinders shall not be less than
2.5 to 1.
7.4.3
7.4.2.6
A relief valve of adequate size shall be fitted on the delivery side of the pump and
set at a pressure of not more than 1 kg/cmz above the delivery pressure of the pump,
and if of weight and lever type, the weight, when set, shall be secured and locked
in that position.
7.4.2.7
The diameter of the suction pipe shall in no case be less than that of the pump plungers.
7.4.2.8
The steam pipe to the pump shall not traverse ground not under the control of the
owner of the installation, nor a public roadway.
P
Electrically driven pumps:
7.4.3.1
A '
The sub-station(s) and/or D.G. house(s) supplying power to the fire pump(s) shall be
of incombustible construction and shall be located at least 6m away from all surrounding
buildings. Where this is not feasible, all door and window openings of the surrounding
buildings within 6m of the sub-station(s) and/or D.G. house(s) shall be protected by
single fireproof doors and 6mm thick wired glasses in steel framework respectively. Likewise, roof eaves, if any, of the surrounding buildings falling within 6m of the substation(s) and/or D.G. house(s) shall be cut and wall raised asla parapet. The above
provisions shall also apply when the sub-station(s) and D.G. house(s) are within 6m
of each other.
Where the sub-station(s) and/or D.G.house(s) are attached to other buildings, perfect
party walls complying with the Committee's regulations shall be constructed to segregate
the sub-station(s) and/or D.G. house(s) from the attached buildings and where the attached
building is storeyed, the roof of the sub-station(s) and/or D.G. house(s) shall be of
R.C.C. construction of at least 100mm thickness.
Transformer cubicles inside these sub-stations shall be separated from H.T. and L.T.
cubicles and from each other by blank walls of bricks/stone/concrete blocks of 355
mm thickness or of R.C.C. of 2007mm with door openings if any therein protected
by single fireproof doors complying with the Committee's regulations. The sub-station(s)
and D.G. house(s) shall also be separated from each other as above. (See Fig 8 and
9)
Transformers installed outdoors, which are supplying power to fire Pump(s), shall also
be located at least 6m away from all surrounding buildings [including sub- station(s)
and/or D.G. house(s).] Where this is not feasible all door and window openings of
the building(s) [including sub-station(s) and/or D.G. house(s).] within 6m of the transformer shall be protected by single fire proof doors and 6mm thick wired glasses in
steel framework respectively. Likewise, roof eaves of the building(s) falling within 6m
of the transformer shall be cut and wall raised as a parapet. Bafe walls of br1ks/
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nB>.h':< J\&i-'
38

stone/concrete blocks of 355 mm thickness or of R.C.C. of 200 mm thickness shall
be constructed between two transformers and these walls shall be extended horizontally
600 mm beyond the extremities of the transformers and vertically 600mm above the
highest point of the transformers.
Note 1
Where oil capacity of the individual transformers is larger than 5000 litres separating
walls must be provided in between the transformers and a clear distance as per the
following table shall be maintained between the transformers and the substation:
Note 2
Oil Capacity of
Clear separating
Individual transformers
distance
5000 to 10000 litres
8 m
Above 10000 upto 20000 litres
10 m
Above 20000 upto 30000 litres
12.5 m
Over 30000 litres
15 m
For High Hazard (B) occupancies, sub- station(s) supplying power to the fire pump(s)
shall, in addition to complying with the above provisions, be located 30M clear of
all equipment where ammable uids having ash point below 65C are handled and/
or stored.
7.4.3.2
Electric supply feeder (s) to sub-station(s) supplying power to fire pump shall as far
as possible, consist of armoured cables buried underground which shall not pass under
any building or pennanent structures.
If the feeders are laid inside an underground cable duct/gallery, they shall be placed
in a corner of the duct/gallery and shall be isolated from other cables in the duct/
gallery by means of fire bricks/sand packing/other suitable passive protection of at least
1/2 an hour fire rating.
l
Under extenuating circumstances, where it is not feasible to lay the feeders underground,
the committee may permit overhead feeders provided they do not fall within a horizontal
distance of
A)
15 m of any process buildings/plant or tanks containing ammable liquids.
Or
B)
Note :
6m of any other building or tanks containing non-ammable liquids or of storage

in open.
In case of high hazard (B) occupancies, all substations (except main receiving station)
in the route of the electrical supply to the fire pump (s) which receive power by overhead
feeders shall be provided with two sets of feeders which, apart from conforming with
the above distance provisions, shall be run along two different routes in such a way
that failure of more than one route due to a single mishap would be only a remote
possibility.
1
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. _____..____....s..._.~,.._s@s,-,_-5-4-3;

7.4.3.3
39
A direct feeder without any tappings shall be laid from the sub-station to the pump
house. The feeder shall consist of an armoured cable buried underground and shall
not pass under any building or permanent structure.
The cable run inside the sub-station from the breaker upto its point of burial or entry
into cable duct/gallery shall be provided with suitable passive protection of at least
% an hour fire rating.

If the feeder is laid inside an underground cable duct/gallery, it shall be placed in
a corner of the duct/gallery and shall be isolated from other cables in the duct/gallery
by means of fire bricks/sand packing/other suitable passive protection of 1/2 an hour

fire rating.
_
Under extenuating circumstances, where it is not feasible to lay the feeders underground,
the committee may permit overhead feeders provided they do not fall within a horizontal
distance of
.
A)
15 m of any process buildings/plant or tanks containing ammable liquids.

Or
B)
6m of any other building or tanks containing non-ammable liquids or of storage

in open.
Note:
In case of high hazard B occupancies if the feeder to the fire pump (s) is not buried
underground, two sets of feeders/shall be provided which shall
(A)
conform to the above distance provisions
(B)
be run along two different routes in such away that failure of more than one
route due to a single mishap would be only a remote possibility.
7.4.3.4
Sufficient spare power shall always be available to drive pumping set(s) at all times
throughout the year.
7.4.3.5
The electric supply to the pumping set(s) shall be entirely independent of all other
equipment in the premises i.e. even when the power throughout the entire premises
is switched off, the supply to the pump shall continue to be available uninterrupted.
This can be achieved by taking the connection for the pump(s) from the incoming
side of the main L.T. breaker. However, in cases where two or more transformers and/
or sources of supply are connected to a common busbar the connection may be taken
through the busbars. (See Fig.11 and 12) _
7.4.3.6
The fire pump circuit shall be protected at the origin by an automatic circuit breaker
so set as to permit the motor to be overloaded during an emergency to the maximum
limit permissible by the manufacturers. Further, the under voltage release/no volt coil
of the circuit breaker shall be removed.
N.B.
Where cable lengths are long enough to warrant back-up protection, the Committee
may insist on provision of such a protection.
iat
ivk1an. -e2wt-'r=&aP-
40

7.4.3.7
It is recommended that telltale lamps which would continuously glow when power is
available to the fire pump(s) circuit be provided and fixed in a prominent position,
both in the Sub-station and in the pump room.

7.4.3.8
Where there is more than one source of power for the operation of pumping set(s)
every electrical circuit shall preferably be so designed as to ensure that when necessary,
the set(s) will continue to operate without the manual operation of an emergency switch.
7.4.3.9
The pumping set(s) shall be securely mounted on a robust bed plate, if of the horizontal
type, and shall be free from vibration at all variations of load.

7.4.3.10
The rating and design of motors and switch gear shall conform to the relevant Indian
Standards Specification. The motor shall be of continuous rating type and its rating
shall be at least equivalent to the horse power required to drive the pump at 150%
of its rated discharge. (see Rule 7.4.1.5)
_
7.4.3.11
The motor shall be of totally enclosed type or drip proof type, the latter having their
air inlets and outlets-protected with meshed wire panels to exclude rodents, reptiles
and insects.
7.4.3.12
The motors shall be wound for Class B insulation-preferably for Class E - and the
windings shall be vacuum impregnated with heat and moisture resisting varnish and
preferably glass fibre insulated to withstand tropical conditions.
7.4.3.13
Motors wound for high tension supplies shall have a suitable fixed warming resistance
to maintain the motor windings in a dry condition at all times and particularly under
monsoon conditions. The resistance shall be connected to the lighting or other equivalent
circuit.
_
7.4.3.14
Heating apparatus shall also be provided, when necessary, for medium tension motors
where they are located below ground level, in order to maintain the motor windings
in a dry condition. Adequate drainage arrangements shall also be provided in the pump
house in such cases.
7.4.3.15
7.4.3.16
The incoming cable to the fire pump room shall terminate in an isolating switch fuse
unit incorporating HRC fuses and where necessary provided with a distribution system.
The starting switch gear for the fire pumps shall be suitable for direct on line starting
but other alternative arrangements are subject to prior approval. It shall also incorporate
an ammeter with a clear indication of the motor full load current.
N.B.
Remote controlled starting arrangements are subject to prior approval of the Committee.
7.4.3.17
Cables for motors and switch gear shall be armoured or be enclosed in heavy gauge
screwed steel conduit according to conditions.
7.4.3.18
It is recommended that equipment throughout be painted fire red (Shade No. 536
as per IS:5) and suitably marked for identification.
f
7.4.3.19
1
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,-
ii
Necessary spare parts including a set of fuses (in a glass fronted box) shall be kept
-.____.___.____,c .. . _..... c..-
m(_q.tr;>1:t{:4,'Q\f.j B
41
in readiness at all times in the pump house.
7.4.3.20
The wiring in all installations shall be done in accordance with the Rules for Electrical
Installations - 1998 issued by the Tariff Advisory Committee.
7.4.4
Petrol or Motor spirit Engine Driven Pumps : (accepted only where installed prior
to 1976)
7.4.4.1
The pump room shall be artificially heated, if necessary, so as to-prevent its temperature
from falling below 4.5C at any time.
Note : 1 Low pressure hot water, steam or hot air apparatus or electric radiators only shall be
used. If__electric radiators are used, the same shall be approved by the Tariff Advisory
Committee.
r
Note : 2 Vapour-proof incandescent electric lighting shall be used for the pump house. Naked
lights are not permitted.
Note : 3 Switches in connection with electric lighting or heating shall be located outside the
pump room, but if this is not practicable, they shall be of ame-proof type conforming
to the relevant Indian Standards Specification (IS:5571)
7.4.4.2
The engine shall be fitted with dual ignition (magneto and accumulator with coil with
separate sparking plugs to each) which shall be so arranged that the engine may be
worked on either ignition independently.
.
7.4.4.3
The magneto shall be of the high tension type.
7.4.4.4
A voltmeter shall be provided and so arranged that the voltage of the accumulator
or battery can be ascertained at will.
7.4.4.5
Except in cases where an independent electric supply is readily available the engine
shall be fitted with and shall work a small low voltage dynamo, from which the accumulator
can be recharged when necessary while the engine is running on the magneto.
7.4.4.6
I The conductors from the magneto and accumulator to the sparking plugs shall be run
in metal tubes to protect them against injury.
7.4.4.7
The opening to the atmosphere from the induction pipe shall be fitted with a flame
trap.
.
7.4.4.8
The engine shall be governor controlled.
7.4.4.9 '
The following spare parts shall_be kept readily to hand :-
<
(a)
One complete set of piston rings for each cylinder,
(b)
Two high tension sparking plugs for each cylinder.
(c)
Two valves suitable for inlet or exhaust complete with springs, cotters and washers,
(d)
One complete filter for petrol pump feed with cork gasket,
(e)
Two springs for each spring used in the engine,
(f)
One complete set of cylinder head and other gaskets.
I.
v.i
2
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_ ____.,_,____________ _ __
mains!-ware:
42
' FIRE PROTECTION MANUAL

7.4.4.10
The engine shall be so arranged that, if necessary, it may be readily and immediately
started by one person.
7.4.4.11
The petrol or motor spirit tank from which the engine is fed shall be fitted with a
gauge glass or suitable indicator (which shall be protected against mechanical injury)
showing the quantity of petrol or motor spirit contained therein.
The tank shall have a holding capacity sufficient to run the engine at full load for
about 24 hours.
All joints in the petrol piping shall be brazed.
7.4.4.12
There shall be kept on hand at all times sufficient petrol or motor spirit to run the
engine at full load for about 24 hours.

7.4.4.13
The reserve supply of petrol or motor spirit shall be stored in a safe position, away
from the pump house.
7.4.4.14
Petrol or motor spirit shall only be used.

The use of other substance, such as paraffin, shall not be allowed.
. 7.4.4.15
A written declaration shall be given by the insured that the following conditions will
be strictly complied with

(a)
The engine shall be tested twice a week for at least 10 minutes each time.
(b)
The temperature of the pump room shall be maintained not less than 4.5C
(or 40 F) at all times.
(c)
The minimum quantity of petrol or motor spirit required as stated in 7.4.4.12

shall be maintained in a safe position away from the pump house.
7.4.5
(d)
Motor spirit only shall be used for driving the engine.
(e)
Spare parts as required in 7.4.4.9 shall be kept readily to hand.
Compression Ignition Engine Driven Pumps :

7.4.5.1 Pump Room :
The Pump Room shall be artificially heated, if necessary, to maintain the temperature of
the room above 10C. Adequate ventilation shall be provided for the air required for aspiration
and to limit the temperature rise in the room to 10 C above the ambient temperature
when the engine is on full load.
7.4.5.2
Engine :
7.4.5.2.1
The Engine shall be :

(a)
of the compression ignition mechanical direct injection type, capable of being

started without the use of wicks, cartridges, heater plugs or ether, at an engine
room temperature of 7C and shall accept full load within 15 seconds from
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..
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43
the receipt of the signal to start.

(b)
naturally aspirated, supercharged or turbo-charged and either air or water cooled.

In the case of charge air cooling by means of a belt-driven fan or of a belt
driven auxiliary water pump there shall be multiple belts such that should half
the belts break, the remaining belts would be capable of driving the fan or
Pumll
(cl
capable of operating continuously on full load at the site elevation for a period
of six hours.
7.4.5.2.2
(d)
provided with an adjustable governor to control the engine speed within 10%
of its rated speed under any condition of load upto the full load rating. The
governor shall be set to maintain rated pump speed at maximum pump load.
(e)
provided with an in-built tachometer to indicate RPM. of the engine.
Any manual device fitted to the Engine which could prevent the engine starting shall
return automatically to the normal position.
7.4.5.2.3
Engines, after correction for altitude and ambient temperature, shall have bare engine
horsepower rating equivalent to the higher of the following two values :(a)
20% in excess of the maximum brake horse-power required to drive the pump
at its duty point.

(b)
"
7.4.5.3
I
.-
the brake horsepower required to drive the pump at 150% of its rated discharge.
Note
In the case of engines guaranteed by the manufacturers as capable of being overloaded

by 10% at the rated speed for one hour in any period of 12 hours consecutive running,
the value under (b) above may b_e considered as 10% lower than the horse power
required to drive the pump at"150% of its rated discharge.
'
7.4.5.2.4
The coupling between the engine and the pump shall allow each unit to be removed
without disturbing the other.
.
Cooling System :
'
The following systems are acceptable
la)
cooling by water from the discharge of fire pump (taken off prior to the pump discharge
valve) direct into the engine cylinder jackets via a pressure reducing device to limit the
applied pressure to a safe value as specified by the engine manufacturer. The outlet connection
from this system shall terminate at least 150 mm. above the engine water outlet pipe
and be directed into an open tundish so that the discharge water is visible.
(bl
a heat exchanger, the raw water being supplied from the re pump discharge (taken off
prior to the pump discharge valve) via a pressure reducing device, if necessary, to limit
the applied pressure to a safe value as specified by the engine manufacturer. The raw
water outlet connection shall be so designed that the discharged water can be readily observed.
A__
44
;_v_/-fv_'~_.~'V"'\'P1'v'4W'

The water in the closed circuit shall be circulated by means of an auxiliary pump driven
from the engine and the capacity of the closed circuit shall not be less than that recommended
by the engine manufacturer. If the auxiliary pump is belt driven there shall be multiple
belts so that should half of the belts break, the remaining belts shall be capable of driving
the pump.
(c)
a frame or engine mounted air cooled radiator with a multiple fan belt driven from the
engine. When half the belts are broken the remaining belts shall be capable of driving
the fan. The water in the closed circuit shall be circulated by means of an auxiliary pump
driven by the engine and the capacity of the closed circuit shall be not less than that
recommended by the engine manufacturer.

(d)
"
\
direct air cooling of the engine by means of multiple belt driven fan. When
half the belts
are broken the remaining belts shall be capable of driving the fan.
'
Note :
In case of systems described in (b) (c) & (d) above a failure actuated audiovisual alarm shall
be incorporated.
7.4.5.4
Air Filtration :
The air intake shall be fitted with a filter of adequate size to prevent foreign matter entering the
engine.
7.4.5.5
Exhaust System :
The exhaust shall be fitted with a suitable silencer and the total back pressure shall not exc 'ed
the. engine makers recommendation. When the exhaust system rises above the engine, me ns
shall be provided to prevent any condensate owing into the engine.
7.4.5.6
Engine Shut-Down Mechanism :
This shall be manually operated and return automatically to the starting position after us
5
7.4.5.7
Fuel System :
7.4.5.7.1
Fuel :
The engine fuel oil shall be of quality and grade specified by engine makers. There shall be kept
on hand at all times sufficient fuel to run the engine on full load for six hours, in addition to
that in the engine fuel tank.
7.4.5.7.2
Fuel Tank :
The fuel tank shall be of welded steel constructed to relevant Indian or Foreign Standard for Mild
Steel Drums. The tank shall be mounted above the engine fuel pump to give gravity feed unless
otherwise recommended by the manufacturer. The tank shall be fitted with an indicator showing
the level of the fuel in the tank. The capacity of the tank shall be sufficient to allow the engine
to run on full load for
Light Hazard
2 Hours
Ordinary Hazard
4 Hours
.. .>.r.-.=._-.s..4.sc-.ss,s.....==r====.\1uqi
Note :
High Hazard A
6 Hours
High Hazard B
8 Hours
45
_
_
Where there is more than one compression ignition engine driven pumpset there shall be a separate
fuel tank and fuel feed pipe for each engine.
7.4.5.7.3
Fuel Feed Pipes :
Any valve in the fuel feed pipe between the fuel tank and the engine shall be placed adjacent
to the tank and it shall be locked in the open position. Pipe joints shall not be soldered and
plastic tubing shall not be used.
7.4.5.7.4
Auxiliary Equipment :The following shall be provided :(a)

a sludge and sediment trap
(b)
a fuel level gauge ,
(c)
an inspection and cleaning hole.
(d)
a filter between the fuel tank and fuel pump mounted in an accessible position for cleaning.
(e)
means to enable the entire fuel system to be bled of air. Air relief cocks are not allowed;
screwed plugs are permitted.

7.4.5.8
Starting Mechanism :
Provision shall be made for two separate methods of engine starting viz.
(a)
Automatic starting by means of a battery powered electric starter motor incorporating the
axial displacement type of pinion, having automatic repeat start facilities initiated by a
fall in pressure in the water supply pipe to the sprinkler and7or hydrant installation. The
battery capacity shall be adequate for ten consecutive starts without recharging with a cold
engine under full compression.
(b)
Manual starting by :
(i) Crank handle, if engine size permits
or
(ii) Electric starter motor
'
Note :
The starter motor used for automatic starting may also be used for manual starting provided there
are separate battefies for manual starting.
7.4.5.9
Battery Charging :
The means of charging the batteries shall be by a 2-rate trickle charger with manual selection
of boost charge and the batteries shall be charged in position. Where separate batteries are provided
for automatic and manual starting the charging equipment shall be capable of trickle charging
both the batteries simultaneously. Equipment shall be provided to enable the state of charge of
the batteries to be determined. g
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46
7.4.5.10
Tools :
A standard kit of tools shall be provided with the engine and kept on hand at all times.
7.4.5.11
Spare Parts :
The following spare parts shall be supplied with the engine and kept on hand
7.4.5.12
(a)
two sets of fuel filters, elements and seals.
(b)
two sets of lubricating oil filters, elements and seals.
(c)
two sets of belts (where used)
(d)
one complete set of engine-joints, gaskets and hoses,
(e)
two injector nozzles,
(f)
one complete set of piston rings for each cylinder,
(Q)
one inlet valve and one exhaust valve
Engine Exercising :
The test shall be for a period of at least five minutes each day. Where closed circuit cooling
systems are used the water level in the primary system shall be checked at the time of carrying
out each test and, if necessary, water shall be added during the course of the test procedure.
7.4.5.13
A written declaration shall be given that the following conditions will be strictly complied with:
la)
to test the engine at least once a week,

_
(b)
to maintain the temperature of the engine room at not less than 4.5 C at all times.
(c)
to maintain the minimum quantity of fuel oil required as desired in these clauses.
(d)
to use a good grade of fuel oil equivalent in quality to that specified by the engine maker.
(e)
to keep on hand the spare parts required as specified in 7.4.5.11.
7.5
Mains :
7.5.1
The hydrants mains shall be normally laid underground or in masonry culverts with removable
covers of incombustible construction and shall be of any one of the following types :
(a)
Cast Iron double anged pipes conforming to the following standards :
Types of Pipes
Class
~
I.S.
of Pipe
Specification
IS : 7181
ii) Vertically Cast Iron Pipes
IS : 1537
iii) Centrifugally Cast (Spun) Iron Pipes
IS : 1536
i)
Horizontally Cast Iron Pipes
N.B. :
In case of vertically cast pipes, where the nominal diameter of the pipes exceeds 300 mm or
where the pump delivery pressure exceeds 7 kg/cm2., Class B pipes would be necessary.
47
(bl
Centrifugally Cast (Spun) Iron Class A Pipes with Tyton Joints - (Rubber gasketed)
(cl
Wrought or mild steel pipes (galvanised or ungalvanised) of Medium grade conforming to lS:1239
or lS:3589 having welded joints and coated and wrapped as per lS:10221. (MS pipes may be
allowed for extension of existing systems which are laid with CI pipes with prior approval of the
Committee.) Holiday Testing for Wrapping and Coating of MS Pipes are essential.
At least 10% of all the welded joints shall be radiographically tested and half of the joints radiographed
shall be field joints.
Id)
Unplasticized PVC Class 4' pipes conforming to lS:4985 and HDPE pipes conforming to IS:4984.
N.B. :
These pipes are permitted for use in Light Hazard Occupancies for underground mains only.
7.5.2
Underground Cast Iron mains shall be laid such that the top of the pipe is not less than one
metre below the ground level and masonry or equivalent supports shall be provided at regular
intervals. as far as possible Mild Steel pipes shall also be laid 1m below ground level.
N.B.-1
Where applicable, Radiography Test Certificate and Films for welded Joints of mild steel pipes
and holiday Test Certificates for coating and wrapping of underground mild steel pipes shall be
submitted before final inspection. Holiday testing may preferably be carried by Flexible and detachable
ring probe which will enable the entire 360 degree of the surface of the pipe to be scanned.
N.B.-2
In case of poor soil conditions, it may be necessary to provide continuous masonry or equivalent
supports.
--
7.5.3
Mains above ground shall be of Medium grade wrought or mild steel (galvanised or ungalvanised)
conforming to lS:1239 or lS:3589 with welded, threaded or anged joints, adequately supported
at regular intervals on masonry or RCC stools or pedestals and not on pipe racks. The spacing
of supports shall be 3.5 m for 80, 100 and 125 mm dia? pipes, 5m for 150, 200 and 250 mm
dia pipes and 7m fof pipes above 250 mm dia Pipes shall be run at least 6 m. away from the
face of the buildings and open storage areas in case of Light and Ordinary Hazard Occupancies
and 15 m. in case of High Hazard Occupancies.
7.5.4
Mains shall not be laid under buildings. Where, however, circumstances necessitate laying of mains
under buildings, prior permission of the Committee shall be obtained and the portion of mains
falling under the buildings shall be laid in masonry trenches with removable covers and cut-off
valves shall be provided at points of entry and exit. As far as possible, mains shall not be laid
under large open storages, railroads and roads carrying heavy traffic.
7.5.5
The mains shall not traverse ground that is not under the control of the owner of the installation
nor under a public roadway. The Tariff Advisory Committee may, at their discretion, relax this
requirement in extenuating circumstances.
7.5.6
The system shall be capable of withstanding for two hours a pressure equivalent to 150% of the
maximum working pressure. While Hydrotesting, inclusion of cut off valves in the mains to be
tested should be avoided.
l
I
a-
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48
7.5.7,
All bolt holes in anges shall be drilled. The drilling of each ange shall be in accordance with
.._~
the relevant Indian Standards.
7.5.8
Flanges shall be faced and have jointing of rubber insertion or asbestos compound.
7.5.9
Fittings installed underground shall be of cast iron heavy grade conforming to IS: 1538 or BS:1641
whereas those installed above ground shall normally be of Medium grade wrought steel or mild
steel conforming to IS: 1239 Part II or malleable iron fittings conforming to IS:1879, parts I
to X.
7.5.10
Mains shall be laid in rings (excepting as specified in N.B.4 below) and their size shall be as
per Tables 3 & 3A but the size of the initial pipe shall not, in any case, be less than the internal
diameter of the delivery outlet of the pump.
<
TABLE 3 (FOR LIGHT HAZARD OCCUPANCIES)
Number of hydrants in
the whole system
Size of
Percentage of all
Mains mm
mains including
terminal mains and risersl.
1 to 20
21 to 55
56 to 100
100
100%
125
100
125
100
45%
55%
60%
40%
;
l
TABLE 3A (FOR ORDINARY HAZARD OCCUPANCIES)

Number of hydrants in
Size of
Percentage of all
the whole system
Mains mm
mains including
terminal mains and risers *.
1to5
6to2O
21 to 55
56 to 100
Exceeding 100
100
125
100
150g
T2?
100
150
125
100%
40%
60%
2%
35%
45%
25%
40%
100
35%
See N.B. 3(a) and 3(b) hereunder.
* 80 mm diameter terminal and/or riser mains shall be taken as 100 mm diameter mains for this purpose.
N.B.! :
In calculating the number of hydrants in the system, a double headed hydrant shall be counted
as two, a fixed monitor of 63 mm size having nozzle bore of 32 mm shall be counted as three,
g
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49
a fixed monitor of 75 mm size having nozzle bore of 38 mm shall be counted as four and a
fixed monitor of 100 mm size having noule bore of 45 mm as six hydrant points.
Note
In case of Oil Refineries, Petrochemical complexes or other risks, wheredouble headed hydrants
are used throughout the system so that the total number of hydrants (counting a double headed
hydrant astwo hydrants) is about double the number of hydrants required as per the general
requirements of this Manual, a double headed -hydrant may be regarded as a single hydrant only.
N.B.2
For High Hazard occupancies, the hydrant system shall be hydraulically so designed that when
half the aggregate pumping capacity is being discharged at the farthest/hydraulically most remote
point and the other half in the most vulnerable area enroute, a minimum running pressure of
5.25 kg/cm is available at the former point and the rate of ow of water does not exceed
5 m/second anywhere in the system
In case the hydraulically most remote point is the area determining the fire pump capacity, the
entire aggregate pumping capacity shall be considered as being discharged at this point at a minimum
running pressure of 5.25 kg./cm and the hydrant system shall be so designed that the rate of
ow of water does not exceed 5 metres/second anywhere in the system.
' --is--
In case the hydraulically most remote point happens to be ordinary/light hazard occupancy, the
pressure requirement at this point can be restricted to 3.5 kg/cmz. However pressure available
at the high hazard area immediately preceding the ordinary/light hazard area must be 5.25 kg/
cm. ~-
N.B.3
N.B.4
Q
For Light and Ordinary Hazard Occupancies having more than 55 points, either of the following
methods may be followed :
.
(a)
The hydrant service be constituted gf single or more than one inter-connected hydrant
' systems, each with its individual pump set according to Table 2 and water supplies equivalent
to the aggregate requirements of the number of pump sets installed.
(b)
A single hydrant system may be installed provided, it is hydraulically designed (where the
highest hydrant is located more than 20 m abovelground level, pre calculated systems
shall not be accepted) as per the parameters indicated in N.B. 2 above, except that minimum
running pressure shall be 3.5 kg/cm instead of 5.25 kg/cmz (minimum diameter of the
pipe used in the ring mains shall however not be less than 100 mm).
In the case of riser mains in storeyed buildings and in locations where it is not feasible to lay
a ring main, a terminal main may be provided, but in no case shall the number of hydrants
on such terminal mains exceed 5.
A terminal main of 80 mm diameter shall not feed more than one hydrant, that having a diameter
of 100 mm shall not feed more than two hydrants, that having a diameter of 125 mm shall
not feed more than three hydrants and a main of 150 mm shall not feed more than five hydrants.
Note
The Committee may, at their discretion, Permit more than five hydrants on riser mains of storeyed
structures.
N.B.5
In case of systems designed on the basic of pressure loss calculations, the piping routes selected
o-
50
-FIRE PROTECTION MANUAL

along with Nodal Point" commemorating with the pressure loss calculation sheets should be distinctly
marked in the Drawing.
7.5.11
Cut-off (Isolating) valves are necessary to obtain the best possible pressure at the seat of fire as
they enable a damaged portion of the. installation to be isolated whilst full pressure is available
throughout the remainder. These valves are distributed according to the general layout of the installation
and not according to fixed rules. For this reason, the proposed position of these valves shall have
the prior approval of the Committee.
Cut-off valves shall conform to IS 780, PN 1.0/ IS 2906, Class 2 or BS1414 or AP9600 in case
of cast steel valves of class 150.
'
N.B.1
In case of systems having working pressure in excess of 7kg/cm2 P.N. 1.6 rating would be necessary
for valves conforming to IS:780 and Class 3 for those conforming to lS:2906. Cast steel valves
of class 150 are however acceptable irrespective of the working pressure of the system.
N.B.2
Other types of valves like rising spindle valves may be used, subject to prior approval of the
Committee.
N.B.3
'
Buttery valves also can be accepted subject to the condition that the valves of dia exceeding
150 m.m. shall necessarily be gear operated.
7.5.12
All cut-off valves shall be of the right hand type and enclosed in properly constructed surface
box, at least 1 M2 so as to allow for broken joints being easily remade. The top of the surface
box shall be 80 mm above ground level, except where it is located on a road. Valve wheels
shall have an arrow head engraved or cast thereon showing direction for turning open and close.
7.5.13
It is recommended that the position of the surface box be indicated by an iron plate painted
fire red with distinct lettering. Such plates shall also show the open and close direction as
cast or indicated on the valves and the serial no. of the sluice valve also should be indicated.
7.5.14
In case of installations in earthquake prone zones, some form of exible couplings approved by
the Committee shall be used for jointing purposes.
A
7.6
Hydrants/Fixed Monitors :
7.6.1 Water shall be available immediately to all hydrants/fixed monitors at all times, with all
cut-off valves being kept open. Before Final inspection, the Hydrant System shall be ushed
thoroughly.
7.6.2
Connections for any purpose other than fire fighting are not permitted from the hydrant/
fixed monitor/stand post or from any portion of the hydrant service.
7.6.3
Except where impracticable, all hydrant outlets shall be situated 1 m. above ground level.
7.6.4
The stand posts shall be 80 mm. in diameter for single headed hydrants. 100 mm for
double headed hydrants and monitors of 63 mm or 75 mm size and 150 mm for monitor
of 100 mm size. It is recommended that stand posts be painted fire red (shade No.536
as per lS:5) and numbered for easy identification.
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7.6.5
51
Permission to install hydrants below ground level will be given in very special cases only.
Where such permission has been given, the hydrants shall be properly enclosed in a surface
box of cast iron or masonry 750 mm square and 80 mm above ground level, the top
of the hydrant outlet being not more than 80 mm below the top of the box.
7.6.6
Only oblique hydrants conforming to IS:5290, Type A with outlets angled towards ground
shall be used. The hydrant couplings shall be of gun metal/stainless steel of the instantaneous
spring-lock (female) type of 63' mm dia. and valves shall be of the screw down type.
Branch pipe/nozzle of monitor shall be of gun metal/stainless steel. Aluminium Couplings,
Branch pipe and nozzles are prohibited.

N.B.
Orifice plates of suitable design may be provided for hydrants where the pressure exceeds
7 kg./cm.
7.6.7
Double headed hydrant shall consist of two separate landing valves. A single control
valve shall not be permitted.
7.6.8
Hydrants shall be easily accessible, storage of any kind on or around the hydrant being
prohibited. Where hydrants are situated in remote locations, they shall be approachable
by means of paved pathways.
7.6.9
Hydrants located in situations where they are likely to be damaged by vehicular traffic
shall be suitably protected on all sides against possible damage.
1.6.10
Hydrants shall be located bearing in mind the attendant fire hazards at the different
sections of the premises to be protected and so as to give most effective service. They
shall be so distributed as to provide protection for the buildings on all sides and need
not necessarily be equidistant from each other.
Advantage shall be taken_ of convenient door and/or window openings to place hydrants
so that only a minimum length of hose is required to reach the openings through
which fire may be attacked. In case of continuous blank walls, suitable provision shall
be made on the walls near hydrant posts for easy access inside the premises.
At least one hydrantpostfshall be provided for every 60m. of external wall measurement
in case of Light Hazard Occupancy, for every 45 m. in case of Ordinary Hazard Occupancy
.-v-"
and every 30 m. of external wall measurement or perimeter of unit battery limit in
case of High Hazard Occupancy. -
7.6.11
,_ .- 4-, -
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Note
Measurements shall be calculatedon the total length of walls of all buildings/perimeter

of all battery limits to be protected except in the case of opposite buildings (other
than those of High Hazard category) within 22.5 m. of each other, where the measurement
of the shorter opposing wall may be omitted.
P
I
Further, all Hydrants and Monitors should be serially numbered.

Notwithstanding the above, hydrants protecting Utilities and Miscellaneous buildings
in High hazard risks may be spaced at 45 m.
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52

7.6.12
No building shall be deemed to be protected by a hydrant unless such hydrant is

within 15 m. of the building. Where any part of a building is normally used for storage
purpose or where hazardous processes are carried out, there shall be two single or
one double headed hydrant within 15 m. of the building, the layout being such that
two jets of water can be played simultaneously on the highest point of the roof.
In case of Buildings/Plants occupied for High Hazard process or storages, the above
specified distance may be increased to 22.5 m.
In case of buildings having roofs other than RCC, it is advisable to provide hydrants
at the roof level along with access staircases in order to fight the fire by breaking
open the roofs if necessary.
7.6.13
Hydrant heads shall be positioned at distances not less than 2m. from the face of
the building, edge of the storage plot to be protected except in the case of high hazard
occupancies wherein the hydrant heads shall be located not less than 7.5m. from the
face of the building, edge of the storage plot or from the plant battery limits.
7.6.14
In case where, owing to the size or layout of the building, or due to the building
being divided by internal walls, any point within the building is at a distance of more
than 45m. from an external fire hydrant, an internal hydrant system shall be provided
so that no portion of the oor is more than 45 M from an external hydrant or 30

m. from an internal hydrant.
In case of large switch yards, where it is not feasible to lay internal hydrants, alternate
hydrants may be replaced by monitors of suitable size.
N.B. :
7.6.15
/
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Distance of 45m indicated above shall be increased to 60m for light hazard occupancies
and reduced to 30 m for high hazard occupancies.
In case of storeyed buildings, satisfactory access shall be provided to all parts of each
oor by means of incombustible internal or external staircases. Normally, a minimum
of two such staircases will be needed per compartment, but in case the area of the
compartment exceeds 2000 m2., an additional staircase shall be provided for every
additional 1500 m2; or part thereof. On the other hand, if a compartment has a oor
area of less than 500 m2, one access staircase shall be acceptable. The access staircases
shall be so located that, as far as possible, no part of each oor is more than 30
m. from the nearest staircase. Where it is not possible to locate the staircase in the
aforesaid manner, the Committee may suggest alternative methods for protection of
such large upper oors. External Access staircases shall be open to sky.
II
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The staircases shall conform to the following:

2
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7.6.15.1
Internal staircases shall be so located that at least one of its enclosing walls is an external
wall of the building. A door opening shall be provided in this external wall at ground
oor level. The enclosing walls shall be of brick work at least 230 mm thick or reinforced
concrete at least 100 mm thick carried through and at least 450 mm above the roof
of the building, unless the roof is of jack arch or reinforced concrete construction in
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53
which case the walls need be carried upto the roof only. Every opening from the staircase
to any portion of the building or to a roof used as a oor shall be fitted with a single
fireproof door.
N.B.:
The above rule will not apply to buildings, the upper oors of which are occupied
by offices, air washer plants, rest rooms, cloak rooms, canteen and the like.
7.6.15.2
External staircases without side covering need not have openings at each oor level
protected by single fireproof doors. However, if external staircases are enclosed, they
shall be considered equivalent to internal staircases.
Note :
There shall be no equipment within 2 M of the staircases and/or its landings.
7.6.15.3
Staircases shall be not be less than 750 mm clear width with treads not less than
and risers not more than 200 mm and under no circumstances shall the staircase have
an inclination of more than 60 degrees to the horizontal.
Note :
Iron rung ladders or spiral staircases shall not be acceptable.
7.6.15.4
In the case of enclosed staircases, all windows therein falling within 3m. of any other
openings in the building shall normally be protected by wired glass in steel framework
in accordance with the Committee's regulations. Conversely, in the case of open sided
staircases, window and door openings of the building falling within 3m. of the staircase
shall normally be protected by wired glass in steel framework and single fireproof door
respectively in accordance with the Committee's regulations.

Note :
The latter part of this rule shall not apply to buildings which are essentially open sided.
7.6.15.5
Exits to the access staircases shall always be kept open during working hours. During
non-working_hours, the exits may be locked from the staircase side only. Locks of
all exits shall have one master-key which shall be available either at the main gate
or any other prominent and easily accessible location known to the fire fighting personnel.
Alternatively, the key shall be kept in a glass fronted box or in the hose box on the
staircase landing.
7.6.15.6
7.6.16
hydrantshall be provided on every oor landing which shall not be less than 1.5m
x 1 m. The mains feeding the landing hydrants shall be provided with a cut-off valve
at ground level (also see N.B.4 under rule 7.5.10 and rule 7.7.3.3)
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Specific requirements for provisions of monitors in plant areas

7.6.16.1
Tall columns, structure, towers and equipment where it may not be possible to provide
access staircases with hydrants on landings thereof as per rule 7.6.15, will be considered
as protected by hydrants at ground level, provided they are less than 15 M in height.
When the height exceeds 15 M, the concerned hydrants shall be replaced by monitors.
7.6.16.2
Alternate_~ hydrants for protection of loading / unloading bays, raiVtruck gantries shall
be replaced by water/foam monitors.
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7.6.17
Protection of Basements :
7.6.17.1
Staircases/ramps shall provide access to all parts of the basement directly from the
outside of the building at ground level. The number and location of the staircases/
ramps shall be such that no part of the basement is more than 45 metres from the
nearest staircase/ramp.
7.6.17.2
It is recommended that the staircase/ramp be provided with emergency lighting facilities.

Where maintenance of illumination depends upon changing from one energy source
to another, there shall be no appreciable interruption of illumination during changeover.
Where emergency lighting is provided by means of electric generator, a delay of not
more than 10 seconds shall be permitted for changeover.
Emergency lighting facilities shall be arranged to maintain proper illumination for a

period of one-and-a-half hours in the event of lighting failures.
The Emergency lighting system shall be so arranged as to provide sufficient illumination
automatically in the event of any interruption of normal lighting.
7.6.17.3
One landing valve shall be provided for each staircase/ramp at each basement level
in addition to the provision of a hydrant at the ground level.
7.6.17.4
Proper drainage facility shall be provided to drain the fire-fighting water out of the
basement.
7.6.18
Storage of material in the open shall be protected as under :

Metals, Metallic goods, Machinery
and other non-
One single hydrant for every 60 m. of

the storage periphery located beyond 2 m.
hazardous storage
but within 15 m of storage area.
Coal or Coke
One single hydrant for every 45 m of
Other storages
the storage periphery located beyond 2m,

but within 15 m of storage area.
One double hydrant for every 45 m of
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the storage periphery located beyond 2

m., but within 22.5 m. of storage area.
.
N.B. 1
In the case of open storage areas of following materials, at least 50% of hydrants shall be replaced
by fixed monitors having nozzle bore of 38 mm diameter if the individual stack height is more
than 6m. and total storage exceeds 5000 tonnes.

Bamboo
Bagasse
Grass/Hay
Timber
N.B. 2
Where hydrants/monitors located along one longer side of a storage area are more than 90 m.
from those along the other longer side, reference shall be made to the committee.
7.6.19
Hydrants for the protection of combustible/ammable liquid storage tanks shall be located beyond
15m., but within 35 m of tank shell as specified below :
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Tanks upto 10m Dia.
1 DH or 2 SH
Tanks above 10m. Dia.

And upto 20m. Dia.
2 DH or 4 SH
Tanks above 20m. Dia.

N.B.l
3 DH or 6 SH
55
In case tanks are located more than 22.5 m. from the dyke walls, one double hydrant or two
single hydrants shall be replaced by a 38 mm monitor. (Every alternate monitor should be a Foam
Monitor and a- minium of one such Foam Monitor should be provided)

N.B.2
For the tanks located more than 45 m from the dyke walls, in addition to the monitor/s, the
tank shall be protected by Fixed Foam/ll/i.V.W.S. System (Manual / Automatic) complying with
the Committee's Rules.
-/
"
N.B.3
Hydrants/monitors shall not be installed within dyked enclosures nor can the_ hydrant main pass
through it.
N.B.4
Floating roof storage tanks and oating cum fixed roof storage tanks exceeding 30m in diameter
and fixed roof storage tanks containing products having ash point below 32c shall be considered
as hydrant protected only if supplementary medium velocity waterspray system or fixed/semi fixed
foam system (either automatic or manually operated) conforming to regulations is also provided.
In case of foam system there shall be additional protection by water spray system in the form
of a ring along the top edge of the vertical face of the tank. Other than dispensing with additional
rings, the supplementary water spray protection shall comply with the Committee's Regulations.
N.B.5
Insulated tanks shall also be provided with
N.B.6
No water spray protection is required for ammonia spheres/tanks.
N.B.7
Cryogenic stor_age tanks and double walled tanks shall be treated on par with the insulated tanks.
However, metallic roof of the double walled tanks (RCC or otherwise) will need to be protected
with m.v. Water spray system at a (mandatory) rate of 3 lpm/m2 for the roof portion only.
N.B.8
Adequate provision shall be made to promptly and effectively dispose off all liquids from the fire
areas during operation of fire protection systems in such areas.
7.6.20
For protection of spheresfbulletslhydrantsl monitors shall be located beyond 15m but within 35m
of the shell of the spheres/bullets. The number of hydrants/monitors shall be governed by the
water capacity of the bullets/spheres as specified hereunder :
Upto 50 m3
- 3 sh or (1 sh + 2 dh)
Above 50 m3
- 1 monitor + 2 sh (or 1 dh)
And upto 150 m3
~
Above 150 m3
- 2 monitors + 4 sh (or 2 dh)
N.B.1
Supplementary protection of bullets/spheres by medium velocity water spray system (either automatic
o_r manually operated) conforming to regulations is mandatory.
N.B.2
Hydrant/monitor shall not be installed within dyked/fenced enclosures nor can hydrant mains pass
through such enclosures.
Water Spray Protection.
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56
7.7
Hose Pipes and Nozzles :
7.7.1
In the case of yard hydrants, hose pipes and nozzles shall be installed either in central hose stations
which shall be of the type illustrated in figure No. 12 (which enables the condition and quantity
of hose, nozzles, etc., to be checked over at a glance and ensures that other useful equipment
is ready at hand in the event of a fire) or near each hydrant in glass fronted hose boxes of
suitable design.
N.B.
Locations and number of hose stations will depend upon several factors such as fire loads, accessibility
and positions of watch posts. Prior approval of the Committee shall, therefore, be obtained regarding
locations of the hose stations before they are constructed.
7.7.2
7.7.3
7.7.3.1
In case of hydrants on upper oors or internal hydrants, hose pipes and nozzles shall necessarily
be installed near each hydrant in glass fronted hose boxes of suitable design.
Requirements of Hose Pipes :
If hose is kept in central hose stations, for each of the first ten hydrants in the compound of
the premises (a double headed hydrant counting as two except where they are provided as a
standard practice throughout the system), two lengths of hose 15 m. each and an additional 15
m. length for each hydrant in excess of ten, shall be provided.
Note
In case of systems having more than 55 hydrant outlets, the total number of hose lengths required
may be limited to 65 plus 20 percent of the number of hydrant outlets in excess of 55. Where
a fire engine is maintained on the premises manned by a whole time fire brigade, the number
of hose pipes required (including those on the engine) would be 65 plus 10 percent of the number
of outlets in excess of 55.
0
7.7.3.2
If hose is kept in hose boxes alongside hydrants, each box shall contain two lengths of 15 m.
each.
"
7.7.3.3
For use with each hydrant on staircase landing or with each internal hydrant, two lengths of hose
7.5 m. shall be provided. In case of basement hydrants two lengths of hose 15 m shall be provided.
7.7.3.4
All hoses shall be of 63 mm. diameter of either of the following types :(i)
Unlined ax canvas complying with Indian Standard lS:4927.
(ii)
Rubber linediwoven-jacketed complying with Type A (Reinforced Rubber lined) of Indian
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Standards IS:636.
(iii)
Controlled Percolation type complying with Indian Standards IS:8423.
7.7.3.5
Ordinary rubber lined woven-jacketed hose complying with the specification of Type B of Indian
Standards IS:636 may be permitted to be used in lieu of the above upto a maximum of 50%
of the total hose requirements of the hydrant system.
7.7.3.6
All couplings shall be of the instantaneous spring-lock type and the nozzles shall be of not less
than 16 mm. in diameter, nor more than 25 mm in diameter except in case of high hazard occupancies
where the maximum nozzle diameter may be 32 mm. subject to the approval of the Committee.
All couplings, branch pipes and nozzles shall be of gun metal or stainless steel and shall otherwise
comply with IS 1 903-1934.

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7.7.3.7
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Hose shall be attached to the coupling _(other than of ferrule type) in the following manner:Each half of the coupling shall have two 5 mm. diameter holes drilled in the tail. The hose shall
be first fixed to the tail of the coupling with copper rivets then served or bound with 1.5 mm
galvanised mild steel or copper wire for a length of 50 mm which will extend to the outer ends
of the grooving on the coupling tail. Over the galvanised mild steel or copper wire a leather or
equally protective band shall be bound with four strands of 1.12 mm galvanised mild steel or
copper wire at each end of the band. The protective band shall be carried beyond the tail of
the coupling to prevent kinking.

Copper wire, if used, shall be softened before being used.
Couplings attached to the hose otherwise than by copper rivets shall not be accepted as they
are apt to become dislodged under pressure. 7.7.3.8
Spare hose to the extent of 10 percent of the above requirements, with a minimum quantity of
30 m. shall be always kept readily available. Such spare hose shall also be in 15 m. lengths,
readily attached to couplings.
Note :
In calculating the number of lengths of hose required under the above scale, any fraction of a
number shall be counted as one.
7.7.3.9
It is recommended that a system of marking and numbering hose be arranged so that the various
lengths are easily recognizable.
7.7.3.10
In central hose stations and hose boxes a tin containing a set of spare rubber rings packed in
french chalk, shall be kept.
7.7.3.11
Central hose stations and hose boxes shall be so arranged that hose is not exposed to the sun
<
rays.
7.7.3.12
All central hose stations or hose boxes, when provided with locks shall have one master key which
shall be available either at the main gate or any other prominent and easily accessible location
known to the fire fighting personnel.
7.7.4
Requirements of Nozzles :
7.7.4.1
The number of nozzles to be provided shall be equivalent to half the number of hose pipes installed
on the premises.
7.7.4.2
In locations where a jet of water directed from a normal type nonle is likely to cause more harm
than good or where a gentle spray of water is essential for the extinguishment of a fire, a fog
type or a spray type of nonle complying with IS 2871 shall be used.
7.7.4.3
Spare nozzles to the extent of 10 percent of the above requirements, with a minimum of two,
shall always be kept readily available.
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7.8
Foam Compounds :
I
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Foam systems shall conform to NFPA 11 and 11A, 16A and/or relevant BIS specification. IS-
12835 or LPC Rules for Foam Systems. The stock of foam compound to be maintained shall
be equivalent to at least two times the requirement of the tank needing maximum quantity of
foam. Foam compound shall be chemically neutral (PH. 6.5 to 7.5)
7.9
Fire Fighting Personnel :
7.9.1
As the efficiency of a hydrant service and/or of internal appliances depends upon the manner
and speed with which they are brought into use and the ability with which the effort is directed,
a squad consisting of watch and ward personnel, fire pump men and departmental supervisors
and/or operatives trained in the operation of the fire service shall be maintained on the premises
round the clock. The number of personnel constituting the squad shall necessarily depend upon
the size of the risk, but in no case shall less than eight trained persons be available at any time
l
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during the day or night. Minimum number of trained persons required may be further reduced
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to six in case of automatic pressurised hydrant systems.

7.9.2
Squad leaders shall preferably be recognised government institution trained and their usefulness
would be considerably enhanced if they reside on the premises.
7.9.3
Squad personnel shall be provided with clothing and equipment including helmets, belts and boots,
preferably gum boots.

7.9.4
A muster roll showing the duties allocated to each member of the brigade shall be prepared and
copies supplied to each squad leader as well as pasted in convenient places throughout the premises,
so as to be quickly available for reference in case of emergency.
7.9.5
Practice drills shall take place weekly and it is a condition of the approval by the Committee
to the discount for hydrant service that wet drills shall be carried out at intervals of not more
than a fort-night and that the entire squad on duty shall turn out during the visits of the committees
Inspectors.
.
_
7.9.6
7.9.7
7:
'51 .
During wet drills, hydrants (including those of upper oors), hose pipes and nozzles, shall be taken
into use in rotation so that the efficacy of these appliances would be automatically checked and
any defects observed, set right.
|
I
Aregister shall be kept as per Appendix V showing details of all practices and defects, if any,
reported in the installation. This register shall be open to examination by the Committee's Inspectorate.
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7.9.8
The services of the pump man (see 7.10.1.1.1) could be profitably utilised for the maintenance
of all fire fighting appliances (including hand appliances - See 4.1.5.1.1). He shall also be thoroughly
conversant with the locations of all appliances, particularly of hydrant cutoff valves so that in
an eventuality he would be of assistance to the factorys fire brigade or the Town's fire brigade.
7.9.9
Keys of all doors in the factory premises shall always be available at the main gate.
7.9.10
It is recommended that fire pump room(s) and the main gate(s) of all factory premises be connected
to all manufacturing sections through the internal telephone system. Telephones interlinked to this
5.
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59
system may also be put up in proper cubicles at convenient locations near godown ranges and
other strategic points. This would effect saving of valuable time in an emergency to alert the fire
fighting personnel and the pump man.
7.10
Maintenance :
7.10.1
Pumps :
7.10.-1.1.
General 1
7.10.1.1.1 A trained pump man (see 7.9.8) shall be available on all shifts and at all hours of the day and
night to operate the pumps as and when required.
7.10.1.1.2 Pump sets shall be run for at least five minutes every day.
7.10.1.1.3 The level of water in the priming tank shall be checked daily to ensure that the foot valve of
the pump is not leaking.
'
7.10.1.1.4 All pump glands shall be maintained in efficient working condition and the packing renewed as
required to maintain efficiency.
7.10.1.1.5 Suction and delivery valves shall be examined once every six months, particularly where sand
or other objectionable matter is liable to be drawn through the pump suction.
7.10.1.1.6 All working parts shall be kept clean and lightly oiled as cleanliness greatly adds to efficiency.
Any necessary repairs shall be put in hand and carried out immediately.
7.10.1.2
Steam Pumps :
7.10.1.2.1 The steam cylinders of pumps shall always be kept warm and efficient draining arrangements
provided.
7.10_.1.2.2 A minimum of two sets of piston and bucket rings shall be provided.
7.10.1.2.3 Small parts such as snifting valves, cushioning valves and pet cocks shall have special attention
because faults in these valves cause the pump to knock badly and lose efficiency.
7.10.1.3
Electrically Driven Pumps :
4
I
7.10.1.3.1 The bearing grease cup shall be checked once every week and refilled with fresh grease, if necessary.
7.10.1.3.2 Starter contacts shallbe cleaned once every week.
'
7.10.1 .3.3 Insulation resistance of pump motor circuit shall be examined once every six months and record
of results shall be maintained.
7.10.2
Mains , :
7.10.2.1
Hydrant mains shall be tested once a fortnight with a pump delivering at its maximum pressure,
with all hydrant valves closed and, thereafter, a running test with two or more hose lines each
30 m. long operating shall be carried out. This checks the efficiency of the pump as well as
the tightness of the hydrant mains (See Rule 7.9 also).
I
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60
7.10.2.2
All cut-off valves shall be operated and oiled, if necessary, once a month.
7.10.2.3
Cut-off valves shall be thoroughly overhauled annually to remove sludge and other foreign matter
collected in the valve seating.
7.10.3
Hydrants :
7.10.3.1
All hydrants shall be examined systematically once a week to ensure that valves and spring catches
are maintained in good condition and all brass parts polished.
7.10.3.2
Spare washers shall be kept for hydrant valve seats.
7.10.3.3
It is recommended that the painting of standposts be carried out annually.
7.10.4
Hose Pipes and Nozzles :
7.10.4.1
All hose boxes/hose stations shall be inspected externally once every week to ensure that the equipment
installed therein is intact. Further, the hose boxes/hose stations shall be cleaned internally and
externally once a month.
7.10.4.2
When the hose gets worn out at the tail end of the coupling(s), it is permissible to cut the end(s)
of the hose. However should the lengths of the hose after cutting(s) fall below 90 percent of
its original, i.e. 15 m. or 7.5 m., the hose shall be discarded.

7.10.4.3
A Hose Register shall be kept showing the history of each length. Information such as date purchased,
date brought into use, date cut (if reduced in length), is useful and a column shall be provided
for remarks by the Committee's Inspectors to whose inspection the Hose Register shall be open.
7.10.4.4
Any hose becoming inefficient through use, neglect or from any other cause, shall be discarded.
7.10.4.5
Fire protection hose shall not be used for purposes other than fire protection and drill. All concerns
are advised to keep a supply of cheap hose for watering paths, washing out or filling boilers,
etc. Such hose shall not be mixed with fire protection hose but kept in an entirely separate place.
7.10.4.6
It is recommended that hose couplings and branch pipes be polished once a fortnight.
7.10.4.7
Considerable diversity of practice has been noticed in the attention paid to the drying and storing
of hose and the following suggestions in this connection shall be carried out :
After use, hose to be thoroughly washed in clean water and then thoroughly dried. A rack or
some similar contrivance at least 10 m. high is to be provided so that, after cleaning, hose may
be suspended to drain and dry evenly.
This is to be done in the shade and not in the sunshine so that the hose is evenly dried inside
and out. Care needs to be exercised so that it is not removed until it is thoroughly dry in all
places. The hose is to be then thoroughly brushed with a hard bristle or wire brush, and rerolled,
care being taken to choose a dry and clean place whereon to roll it; and replace in the boxes
or hose stations.
Care is to be taken after washing so that the hose does not touch the ground, where it might
be soiled.
-.
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61
Hose needs to be rolled up evenly and carefully, the female or spring coupling end being in
the centre. In this manner the spring clips, when grasped one in each hand, form a reel and
the hose can be quickly run out in the event of fire.
OR ALTERNATIVELY
'
The hose is to be doubled in the centre of its length and rolled up evenly fromithe fold. Both
the Male and Female couplings will then be on the outside of the roll. This permits the nozzle
being attached to the hose while being stored in readiness for use, and the hose runs out without
twisting.
7.11
Measures are to be taken where the installation is for any reason temporarily inoperative:
7.11.1
Where the installation is expected to remain inoperative for a period exceeding 24 hours, prior
sanction shall be obtained from the Committee.
7.11.2
If any component of the hydrant system is to be replaced for any reason whatsoever, the entire
system shall not be rendered inoperative but the particular section only shall be isolatedby closing
the necessary cut-off valves. If, however, it is not possible to complete the replacement before
nightfall, the cut-off valves shall not be left closed overnight. Instead, blank anges shall be provided
at the point where the component has been removed so that the entire system, other than the
component which has been removed, would remain operative through the night.
7.11.3
Only one compartment of the reservoir shall be emptied out at the time of cleaning or repair
work.
7.11.4
If the foot valve of the suction line is removed for cleaning/repairs, it shall, as far as practicable,
be replaced before nightfall.
7.11.5
lf the pump is expected to be inoperative for more than 72 hours, every effort shall be made
to connect the service water supply to the hydrant system for the duration the pump is inoperative.
7.11.6
If the hydrant service is to be extended, the extended portion shall be first laid and, thereafter,
the connection between the existing system and the extension shall be carried out expeditiously,
so that the entire system is not left inoperative overnight.
7.12
SPECIAL DISPENSATIONS FOR (ELECTRICAL GENERATING STATIONS THERMAU

GAS BASED POWER PLANTS.)
Special dispensations are allowed in the following areas in case of an independent Hydrant system.
7.12.1
WATER SUPPLY :
i)
ii)
The fore bay supplying water to the thermal power station fed by canals from perennial
water sources like rivers, rivulets, dams etc. may be accepted as fire water reservoir provided
the availability of 2 hours pumping capacity is ensured.
The cooling water pond(s) may also be accepted as fire water reservoir provided the availability
I
E
of 2 hours pumping capacity is ensured.

Note :Cooling water basins shall not be acceptable as equivalent to cooling water ponds.
:1;
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62
7.12.2 PUMPS :
The pump duties shall be generally selected as per Table 2 under Rule No.7.4.1.4.1 of FP Manual.
However, where situation warrants, higher capacity pumps not exceeding 410M3/Hr. and 88M head
may be acceptable. In order to achieve the minimum pressure of 3.5 Kg./Cm? at higher elevation,
booster pump(s) with a capacity of 137M3/Hr., having requisite head may be acceptable.
Note 1 : The booster pump shall be regarded as a pressure compensating device only.
Note 2 : A higher capacity booster pump may be stipulated by the Committee where considered
necessary.
Note 3 : Booster pump shall be located at ground level only. Electrically driven booster pump(s)
shall in addition to the normal supply be connected to the emergency power supply also.
7.12.3 Above Ground Hydrant Mains :

In case of practical difficulties in maintaining the stipulated distance from the face of the building
in case of above ground over head mains, warranted under demanding circumstances in specific areas,
for example between Boiler House and TG Building and between Transformer and T.G. Building,
the same may be permitted provided the mains installed in such areas form part of sub ring only.
7.12.4 Staircases for storeyed TG Hall/Boiler House/Mill Bay :

The staircases shall be distributed as far as possible along four sides of the building. The number
of staircases shall be such that no part of such oor is more than 45M from the nearest staircase.
At least 50% of the number of staircases thus arrived at shall conform to Rules 7.6.15.1, 7.6.15.2
and 7.6.15.3. The remaining staircases shall be preferably located along the periphery of the building,
but need not necessarily be separated as per regulations.
_
7.12.5 Requirement of Hose pipes in T.G.HalI/Boiler House/Mill Bay :
For use with each hydrant on staircase landing two lengths of hoses 15M each and a nozzle with
attached branch pipe shall beprovided in hose box alongside each landing valve.
8.
HYDRANT PROTECTION OF COTTON GIN & PRESS FACTORIES

_
8.1
Reservoir :
The construction and location of the reservoir shall be as indicated in rule 7.3. The effective
capacity (above the level of the foot valve seat) shall be equivalent to 2 hours installed pumping
capacity.
8.2
Pumps :
8.2.1
Pumps shall be direct-coupled. However, existing belt-driven pumps may be accepted at the
discretion of the Committee.
8.2.2
,____
The Pumps shall be capable of delivering not less than 19 l.p.s. at a head of 70 M. Where,
however, the number of hydrants in the system exceeds 55, the pump capacity-shall be not
_ _________
____ ___,,_,__
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63
less than 38 litres/second.

8.2.3
The pump shall be so located as to be both easily accessible and where any falling masonry
and the like from other buildings, occasioned by fire or other cause, cannot damage the pump
room. The pump room shall be located 6 M away from all surroundingbuildings, overhead
structures and storages 7in the open.
8.2.4
Rules 7.4.1.6., 7.4.1.8., 7.4.1.9. and 7.4.1.12. shall be complied with.
8.2.5
Electric supply to the fire pump shall comply with rule 7.4.3.
Note :ln case of steam-driven pump, adequate steam supply to drive the pump at its duty point
shall be constantly maintained during the whole of the working season.
8.3
Mains :
8.3.1
Mains shall be of cast iron, galvanised iron or mild steel and be laid underground.
8.3.2
The mains shall be laid in loops around the Gin & Press houses.
8.3.3
All loops and feeder mains shall be of 100 mm bore but branch mains may be of 80 mm
bore.
N.B. -The Committee may insist on larger sized mains where deemed necessary.
8.4
Hydrants :
8.4.1
Rules 7.6.3., 7.6.4., 7.6.6., 7.6.7., and 7.6.8. shall be complied with.
8.4.2
Location of the hydrants shall be as under :
8.4.2.1 There shall be a minimum of three hydrants within 3 M of Gin house and of Press house.
8.4.2.2 There shall be minimum of two hydrants within 15 M of Godown or sheds used for storing
cotton or Kappas.
8.4.2.3 For open storage, hydrants shall be distributed in such a way that any portion of the storage
are is protected by at least two hydrants at a distance not exceeding 35 M.
N.B.
If the compounds are only partially used for storage of cotton and/or kappas, the owner shall
declare the~"'area he proposes for storage for determining the fire protection thereof.
ln this case, the portion reserved for storage shall be demarcated by a wired fencing and
a Plan thereof shall be lodged with the Committee.
8.5
Hose pipes and Nozzles :
One 63 mm diameter hose pipe of 15 M length and one nozzle of 20 mm dia with its attached
branch pipe shall be provided in a suitable hose box alongside each hydrant.
8.6
Fire-fighting staff :
A minimum of six trained personnel shall be available at all times. Apart from the above,
three night watchmen shall also be available on the premises.
64
MUTUAL AID SCHEME

SCOPE I (Meant for plants other than petrochemical plants, petroleum Refineries and LPG Bottling
Plants).
9.1
c
Membership
Membership should be of two or more industrial plants, warehouses and public utilities.
9.2
Geographical Coverage :
The coverage shall be as follows :

(a)
Not exceeding 16 kms. for Light Hazard risks
(b)
Not exceeding 12 kms for Ordinary hazard risks
(c)
Not exceeding 10 kms for High hazard (A) Risks
If the concerned risks are of different categories, least of the distances must be considered.
N.B.
Add 4 km to actual distances for each of the Railway Crossing encountered.
9.3
Secretariat and Communication.
9.3.1
There shall be a full time permanent Secretary having a back ground in fire fighting relevant
'
to the types of industries included in the scheme with a permanent office and necessary staff.
9.3.2
The member industries should mutually evolve an effective liaison and communication system.
9.3.3
Direct Telephone/Radio Communication/wired alarm/siren system be provided subject to prior

approval of the Committee. Call procedures be laid down and frequent trials with such systems
would be necessary.
.
9.4
Individual Member's Fire Fighting Requirements;
9.4.1
A hydrant system supplemented by first aid appliances installed in conformity with the F P
Manual.
9.4.2
Stock of foam compound as per the provisions of Rule 7.8 of F. P. Manual if the occupancy
of the risk warrants use of foam and will comply with the requirements of NFPA-11-1988.
9.4.3
Not less than 8 trained persons must be available in any shift out of which 4 shall be fulltime fire fighting personnel.
9.4.4
Fire Explosion accidents must be fully investigated by the member units and their findings
which might be fruitful and effective in preventing a recurrence should be made available to
other members, which would benefit all plants without interfering with anyone plants autonomy.
9.5
Additional Capacity for Mutual Use :
In the event of outbreak of fire, the members of mutual aid scheme should be able to supplement
in the shortest possible time, the resources of the affected plant, to the extent given below:
9.5.1
Mobile fire fighting capacity by a motor fire engine of 400 gpm capacity at 7 kg/cm.
a
>1-
2%
Fiuwlm
9.5.2
65
ln case the occupancy of any one of the signatories to the scheme warrants the application
of foam compound shall be provided to the extent of 25% of the requirements of such plant.
N. B. ln case, the occupancy of more than one risk warrants,_the use of foam, the stock to be
maintained shall be 25% of the requirement of the risk needing larger stock of foam.
9.6
Other Requirements :
9.6.1
Fire explosion safety of the plant and extensions should preferably be checked every six months,
but at least annually using an audit system and utilising check lists where appropriate.
9.6.2
Practice drills should be arranged once in three months (each time in different units) to familiarize
those concerned with the actions expected of them, and at the same time testing the equiprnent
available in each unit.

9.6.3
Deployment of personnel to an affected plant from other members of the scheme should not
be subject to any constraints arising out of staff problems.
9.7
Interchangeability of Equipment
9.7.1
To the extent possible, individual plants should follow such standard in the purchase of equipment
to have free interchangeability. Where this is not practical, suitable adaptor pieces must be
kept in readiness for hooking of uninterchangeable equipment.
9.7.2
Each risk should maintain a sensible policy and not strip itself of equipment which it might
need in the case of trouble in its own property which may be simultaneous with a disaster
elsewhere.
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66
APPENDIX I
The Secretary,
19
REGIONAL OFFICE
Dear Sir,
Application for Fire Extinguishing AppIiances(s) Discount.

(Risk)
(Situation)
Please sanction, as from date of receipt by you of this application, a Discount of
Extinguishing Appliances :applying to Buildings -
for the following
(The occupation floor wise and block Nos. of each building must be clearly stated).
I/We enclose plan of the risk with all details marked thereon.
I/We certify that to the best of my/our knowledge and belief the appliances referred to have been installed
in strict accordance with the rules of the Committee and I/We also certify that the Plan submitted is drawn
up in accordance with the Committees Rules and is correct and up-to-date.
I/We also certify that a copy of the Plan exact in every detail, is available for the Committees Inspectors
use at the Mill (or premises above referred to).
I/We enclose full particulars of the appliances available together with letter of Guarantee signed by the Assured.
I
I am (We are),
Yours faithfully,
For use of the Committee only.
Date received :
Date inspected :
Inspectors comments:
Discount sanctioned:
Date of Minutes:
Reference Number:
_,
Inspector
_s_ _
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...__....._.-._.__-__--_--%___...---~~~~-
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7-r.tmwnari-.
67
APPENDIX II
19
The Secretary,
REGIONAL OFFICE
Dear Sir,
Guarantee regarding Fire Extinguishing Appliances
In consideration of your Committee granting a Discount for the Fire Extinguishing Appliances detailed _on
attached/signed form which we have installed in the
'
"
situated at .................................................................. ..
l/We hereby engage ourselves -
(1)
To maintain and upkeep the said appliances in efficient working order and where such appliances
and Committee's Rules require the upkeep of a trained Fire Brigade, to maintain such Brigade to
its full numbers in an efficient state.
(2)
To advise the Committee and first obtain permission should at any time it be necessary to close down
supply to pumps or in any way render the appliances out of operation for repairs, overhaul, etc.
(3)
Not to extend, alter or demolish protected Buildings or to erect new Buildings in the compound of
the premises without supplying the Committee with a revised plan or revising the plan filed with the
Committee.
' '
(4)
To keep at the above described premises a copy, exact in every detail, of the plan supplied to your
Committee, same to be available to the Committee's Inspector during his visits of inspection.
(5)
Not to re-number (or re-letter) Buildings, Compartments, etc., as recorded on the plan filed with the
Committee without advising the Committee of such revision.
,
I am (We are),
'
Yours faithfully,
Note : All communications to the Committee must be through the Leading Office on the risk.
For use of the Committee only
Date from which sanctioned

Reference Number
Remarks
Minutes of
ll~.
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68
APPENDIX III
DETAILS OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS APPLIANCES
AVAILABLE AT ........................................................................................................................ .. (Name of
Risk)
DETAILS OF BUCKETS, EXTINGUISHERS AND HAND APPLIANCES.

Department
Area
Number
(sq.m.)
Extinguishers/Hand Pumps
of
Buckets
Number
yp
apacity
Manufac
turer's
Name
SMALL BORE HOSE REELS
1.
Name of manufacturer
2.
Material, Diameter and Length
3.
Diameter of Nozzle
4.
Source of Supply -
'
State whether a non - stop

supply is available
Department
Size
Length x Breadth
Number of
Maximum distance of
Reels
_
any point of the room

from nearest hose reel.
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69
WATER SUPPLY(IES)
A.
Underground Reservoir.
1.
Capacity in litres. (combined process and
Fire Water or exclusive Fire Water)

2.
Whether lined or not.
3.
Division if any and interconnections between them.
4. Capacities (in litres) of connected tanks

(elevated or otherwise) :
(a)
lb)
()
(d) Net effective capacity available for fire pumps.
5. Sources of inow to the under-ground reservoir

whether lakes, rivers, wells, etc.
6. Aggregate inow in litres per
minute. (with nipple position of inow,
overow and normal water level)
,
7. In case of inow from town's

mains, indicate size of inow
pipe and size of meter, and
also state whether the supply
is continuous or intermittent.
B.
Elevated Sprinkler Tank(s).

1. Number of tanks.
2. Capacities in litres and height
in metre of base from. ground level
3. Height in metre of highest sprinklered building.
C.
Pressure Tank(s)
1. Location of tank.
2. Capacity in litres.
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3.
4.
Quantity of watercontained
in litres.
Air Pressure.
PUMP(S).
A.
HYDRANT PUMP(S) (Full Name Plate details)

1.
Type(s)
1.
2.
Make(s) and year(s) of manufacture.
2.
3.
General Specifications:
3.
'
(a) Capacity (Lit./Sec)

(b) Pressure gauge, reading at
delivery stop value (Kg/cmz).
(c) Sizes of suction and delivery

pipes, in mm.
(d) Priming tank details, if any.
4.
Details of steam pump(s) if applicable:

(a) Diameter of steam and water
cylinders and length of stroke.

(b) No. of strokes per minute.
(c) Diameter of steam pipe and
pressure available at pump end.

(d) No. of steam boilers in the
battery and working pressure.
(e) Size of water relief valve on
pump delivery and pressure at
which it is set.
5.
Details of electrically driven
pump(s), if applicable
(a) Diameter of pump impeller.
(b) Material of which the impeller
is made.
(c) Speed in RPM.
(d) H.P. and Voltage of driving
motor, type of enclosure and

class of winding insulation, Motor full load current
(Remote Controlled starting arrangement, if any)
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(e) Details of electric supply :

(i)
Plan showing locations

of pump house, feeder,
transformer sub-station and Table for control
-ii i
logic of Pumps
(ii) Circuit diagram of electric
supply to the fire pump(s) with Incoming
cable, Automatic Circuit Breaker,

Starting switch gear, position of
voltage Release coil etc.

6.
Details of Petrol, Motor spirit or
Compression-ignition Engine Driven

Pump(s) if applicable:
(b) Material of which the impeller is made

(c) Speed and Horse Power of the
engine driving pump(s)
(d) Method of starting the engine.
(e) Quantity in litres of fuel

contained in the tank and
that stored in the premises.
(f) Location and details of Batteries, battery charger
and Diesel Engine control panel
SPRINKLER PUMP(S)
1- Tvpets)
2. Make(s) and year(s) of manufacture.

3. General Specifications:
(a) Capacity (Lit./Sec.)
(b) Pressure gauge reading at
delivery stop valve (Kg./cmz).
(c) Sizes of suction and delivery pipes, in mm.
Details of steam pump(s), if applicable:

(a) Diameter of steam and water
cylinders and length of stroke.
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72
(b) No. of strokes per minute.

(c) Diameter of steam pipe and
pressure available at pump end.
(d) No. of steam boilers in the
battery and working pressure.

(e) Size of pressure relief valve on pump
delivery and pressure at which it is set.

5.
Details of electrically driven pump(s), if applicable:
(b) Material of which the impeller is made.
(c) "Speed in R.P.M.
(d) HP and Voltage of driving motor,

type of enclosure and class of
winding insulation, motor full load current
(e) Details of electric supply:
(i) Plan showing locations of Direct Feeder,
pump house and transformer sub-station.
(ii) Circuit diagram of electric

supply to the fire pump(s) with incoming cable,
ACB and Automative starting mode
6.
Details of Petrol, Motor Spirit or Compression
Ignition Engine Driven Pump(s), if applicable:

(b) Material of which the impeller is made.
(c) Speed and Horse Power of
the engine driving pump(s).
(d) Method of starting the engine.
(e) Quantity in litres of fuel contained
'
in the tank and that stored in the premises.
7.
Make and type of automatic regulator.
8.
What is the pressure at the level of the
highest sprinkler when the 50mm. waste

valve is fully open?
.
1.
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73
HYDRANT MAINS
Type of underground and/or overhead

mains with method pf jointing.
Internal diameter of ring mains.
Internal diameter of terminal mains.
To what pressure have the pipes been tested?
HYDRANTS
1
Type and Make.
No. of single-headed hydrants.
No. of double-headed hydrants. g
No. of upper oor hydrants.
Type and diameter of stand pipes:

Single headed.
Double headed.
Are all the coupling inter-changeable?

HOSE
Material and Diameter.
Manufacturer's Name and Guarantee for bursting pressure.
No. of lengths of 15m. and 7.5m respectively.
At what pressure the hose has been

tested by the insured?
Where is hose kept?
No. of branch pipes and nozzles and their diameters.
SPRINKLER INSTALLATION
1
No. of installation valves and departments

served by each valve.
Total load on each installation valve.
Type, make and fusing temperature

of the sprinkler heads used.
5
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74
FIRE FIGHTING PERSONNEL

1.
Is the pump man always on duty?
2.
Minimum number of trained personnel available at any
time for fire fighting purposes. How many are there

exclusively for Fire Fighting, per shift?
3.
Are any means employed to ensure
night watchman going around the risk

at regular intervals?
4.
Is there a muster-book for fire drills?
5.
How is firealarm given to fire fighting personnel?
TESTING OF APPLIANCES
1.
How often are the following tested and/or examined:-
I
,
(a) Sprinkler tank and backpressure valves.

(b) Sprinkler and/or hydrant pumps and their accessories.
(c) Sprinkler installation valves.
(d) Hydrant installation and valves.

2.
Is a record of all tests and defects found maintained?

LOCAL FIRE BRIGADE
1.
How far is the nearest city fire brigade?
2.
How can a communication be sent to city fire brigade?
3.
Are the city fire brigade officers familiar with the risk?
Dated
~
(Form to be signed by the Owner of the Premises).
Signature
APPENDIX - IV
CERTIFICATE FROM INSURERS ENGINEER
I
Il
l hereby confirm that l have verified the portable Fire Extinguishing Appliances installed at the above risk
and found them to be in accordance with the enclosed list. I also confirm that the distribution is generally
in accordance with the Committees requirements, and that the appliances are well maintained and are being
periodically hydro tested as per IS:2190.
Yours faithfully,
Signature
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-"F/'97
75
APPENDIX - V
FIRE DRILLS REGISTER
Sr. No.
Date :
Type of Drill
Serial Nos.
Duration of
Remarks/
Signature
Signature
Dry
of Hydrants
Operation of
Defects
of Fire
of Works
or Wet
Operated
Pumps
observed
Marshall
Manager
Remarks
if any
Name and designation of persons attending the_drills :

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Note: Squad personnel shall be provided with clothing and equipment including Helmets confirming to
IS : 2745 or IS : 2925, Belts and Boots, preferably gum boots.
v
~:
z
M0
GRI"bi'/THF1EsQ
76
APPENDIX - VI
TABLE SHOWING PRESSURES OF WATER IN Kg. PER
SQUARE CENTIMETRE FOR EVERY METRE IN HEIGHT
UPTO 60 m.
I
Height
Pressure
Height
Pressure
III
III
III
In
metres
Kg./cm
metres
Kg./cmz
0.1
15
0.2
1.5
20
0.3
2.0
25
0.4
2.5
30
' 0.5
3.0
35
0.6
3.5
40
0.7
45
4.0
0.8
50
0.9
55
1.0
60
10
NOTE :
5.5
6.0
MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS
CAST IRON PIPES
IS:1536:1989 CENTRIFUGALLY CAST

. [SPUN]
P
lS:1536:1986 CENTRIFUGALLY CAST

(SPUN) [WITH TYTON JOINTS]
CAST IRON
FITTINGS
I
!
REMARKS
IS:7181:1986 HORIZONTALLY CAST

IRON DOUBLE FLANGED PIPES
5.0
In applying this table the height of the Highest Sprinkler above the Pressure Gauge must be ascertained
and the pressure to be allowed for such height will be obtained by reference to the table. For
example, if the gauge records a pressure of 4.25 Kg./cmz, and the highest sprinkler is 28 m. above
the gauge, there will be a pressure of, say, 1.45 Kg./cmz on the highest sprinkler.
ITEM
4.5
CLASS-A FOR PIPES UPTO

300 MM OR PRESSURE LESS
THAN 7 KSC CLASS-B FOR
PIPES LARGER THAN 300MM
OR PRESSURE EXCEEDING
7 KSC.
CLASS - A
lS:1538 OR BS:1641
>_
'~:~'~"'~""'f".'Yi?"""""-'-
__g_
*'*~ ~~:-"
,-..
. __
..__--L --.---~--;-.~~
~@-.3
r P
$17?!~W .-1~@~

MILD STEEL
77
lS:1239 (MEDIUM GRADE) PART I

PIPES IS:1239(PART 2) MILD STEEL
TABULARS AND OTHER WROUGHT
STEEL PIPE FITTINGS
lS:3589:91 SEAMLESS OR ELECTRICALLY
WELDED STEEL PIPES FOR WATER,
GAS AND SEWAGE
M.S.FlTTING
IS:1239(PART 1):1990 MILD STEEL

TUBES, TABULARS AND OTHER
WROUGHT STEEL FITTINGS
IS:1239(PART 2):1991 MILD STEEL

TUBES, TABULARS AND OTHER WROUGHT
STEEL PIPE FITTINGS
IS:1879:1987 MALLEABLE CAST IRON
PIPE FITTINGS (SECOND REVISION)
COATING/WRAPPING
lS:l0221:1982 CODE OF PRACTICE FOR

COATING AND WRAPPING OF UNDERGROUND
MILD STEEL PIPE LINES
_
--
CUT OFF VALVES
IS:780:l984 SPECIFICATION FOR

SLUICE VALVE FOR WATER WORKS PURPOSES
(50 TO 300 MM SIZE)
<
IS:2906:1984 SPECIFICATION FOR SLUICE

VALVES FOR WATER WORKS PURPOSES
NON-RETURN
VALVES
.
lS:5312(PART 1):1984 SPECIFICATION FOR

SWING CHECK TYPE REFLUX (NON-RETURN)
VALVES
HYDRANT LANDING
lS:5290:1983 SPECIFICATION FOR

VALVE LANDING VALVES (SECOND REVISION)
WATER MONITOR
lS:8442:1977 SPECIFICATION FOR STAND

POST TYPE WATER MONITOR FOR FIRE
FIGHTING
HOSE PIPE
IS:636:1988 NON-PERCOLATING FLEXIBLE

FIRE FIGHTING DELIVERY HOSE
'
78

IS:8423:1977 SPECIFICATION FOR CONTROLLED
PERCOLATING HOSE FOR FIRE FIGHTING
IS:4927:1968 SPECIFICATION FOR UNLINED
FLAX CANVAS HOSE FOR FIRE FIGHTING
(Amendment Nos. 1 and 2)
BRANCH WITH
lS:903:1984 SPECIFICATION FOR FIRE HOSE
NOZZLE,
DELIVERY COUPLINGS, BRANCH PIPE,
COUPLING
NOZZLES AND NOZZLE SPANNER

(Third Revision) (Amendment Nos. 1 and 3)
IS:906:1988 SPECIFICATION FOR BRANCH

WITH REVOLVING HEAD FOR FIRE FIGHTING
PURPOSES
IS:2871:1983 SPECIFICATION FOR BRANCH
PIPE, UNIVERSAL FOR FIRE FIGHTING
PURPOSES (First Revision)
UNPLASTICISED
IS:4985:1988 SPECIFICATION FOR UNPLASTICISED PVC PIPES FOR PORTABLE WATER

SUPPLIES
PVC PIPES
FIRST AID
IS:884:1985 SPECIFICATION FOR FIRST-AID

HOSE REEL FOR FIRE FIGHTING
'
(First Revision) (Amendment No.1)
PORTABLE FIRE
EXTINGUISHER
WATER TYPE
(GAS PRESSURE)
IS:940:1989 SPECIFICATION FOR PORTABLE

FIRE EXTINGUISHER (GAS PRESSURE)
PORTABLE FIRE
EXTINGUISHER
DRY POWDER
(CARTRIDGE TYPE)
It
I
IS:2171:1985 SPECIFICATION OF PORTABLE

FIRE EXTINGUISHER, DRY POWDER
(CARTRIDGE TYPE) (THIRD REVISION)
PORTABLE FIRE
EXTINGUISHER
CARBON-DIOXIDE
TYPE
IS:2878:1986
(PORTABLE & TROLLEY

-
MOUNTED)
(THIRD REVISION)
I
Ec
wnnao-s-er-_.,.,,.=\_-_-,_._.._...,,,___,__,.-:_,_..,
_ ....
._,......,..m<-...,.,,..-.__,,..,_ ,,,__
__,_
'""
\4,"xI
_
-1:
_._.
i -
'e"-.YW"4)..,"._;.:1.i
....s.,,.,.
.5
-1
_WW|*Wwm~ -
. W ~.-r. . v../~z.s>mws.za.:4:.~.:z:'_-s"..!;-.~:

PORTABLE FIRE
IS:4947:1985
CARBON-DIOXIDE
CATRIDGES FOR USE IN FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
79
SPECIFICATION FOR GAS
EXTINGUISHERS
(SECOND REVISION) (AMENDMENT
(GAS CARTRIDGE
NOS.1 AND 3)
TYPE)
TRAILER PUMPS
lS:944:1979 FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS

FOR 1800 L./MIN. TRAILER PUMP FOR FIRE
BRIGADE USE. (SECOND REVISION)
(AMENDMENT NO.1)
MOTOR FIRE
'lS:946:1977 FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS
ENGINES FOR MOTOR FIRE ENGINES

(FIRST REVISION)
lS:947:1985 FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS
FOR TOWING TENDER FOR TRAILER FIRE
PUMP FOR FIRE BRIGADE USE
(FIRST REVISION)
PUMPS
IS: 12469
DIESEL ENGINES
(GENERAL PURPOSE)
IS: 10001
IS: 10002
BUTTERFLY
VALVES
IS: 13095
C.I. GATE VALVES/
BS:5150
(RISING. STEM
TYPES) PN 16
C.I. REFLUX VALVES/
CHECK VALVES
(SWING TYPE) PN 16
BS:5153
STEEL WEDGE I
GATE VALVES
BS:1414
STEEL-CHECK VALVES
BS: 1868
tr
ti
..
0-
80
3 5 Kg/Cm
FLOOR 20
LOOR 19
3 5 Kg/cmz I
I
i
FLOOR 16
3.5 Kg/cm
ll
I
FLOOR 10
ll
3.5 Kg/cmz
FLOOR3
3.5 Kg/cm2
LOOR 10 35 Kg cm2
-n'1LOOR
r1'11
2
I mmQ iU:
||
I mm_,I-. _
WATER
WATER TANK
Multi Stage with 4
TANK
Fig.1
PUMPING ARRANGEMENTS
Fig.2 PUMPING ARRANGEMENTS

FOR BUILDING 60M on
uzss IN HEIGHT
FOR BUILDING 60M OR

LESS IN HEIGHT
-I----.4-_,._.,_.,,_,_--_-._~..._._...__:____,_._...,___ ._.,
Delivery Branches
L ..__~A-.. .
> ~*
~-
~v-.~~>:: --
I. - .-~-
~~.v=<'
.,~~,. ,,~<:~~.._>-1.: 2:-2:
81
WATER FOR FIRE FIGHTING IN HIGH-RISE BUILDING
RISER
GRAVITY
RISER
TANK
(15,000 Litres)
l'I""!,OI
FIRE PUMP
500 GRM.
GRAVITY
TANK
(15,000 Litres)
RISER
RISER
H-m
FIRE PUMP
500 GEM.
GRAVITY
TANK
(15,000 Litres)
RISER
RISER
<
SUCTION TANK
4,50,000 Litres
1,00,000 Gallons
FIRE PUMP
500 GEM.
FIRE DEPARTMENT
CONNECTION *
RISER
RISER
5
HIGH PRESSURE PUMP
\ LOW PRESSURE PUMP
}EACH OF
500 GEM
Fig.3
Fire fighting piping system for tall building that avoids excessive pressure ranges and is not limited
by the total height of the building.
<
K>
,.
~_
x
0-
i3I1S;-unIis
82
TYPICAL ARRANGEMENT FOR COMBINED WATER RESERVOIR FOR

RAW WATER/PROCESS WATER ALONG WITH FOR FIRE FIGHTING
UNDER NEGATIVE SUCTION IN CASE OF ORDINARY HAZARD.
SUMP FOR RAW/PROCESS WATER PUMP
\
\SUMP FOR FIRE FIGHTING PUMP
I
COMPARTMENT NO.1
COMPARTMENT NO.2
OVER FLOW
NOZZLE
PLAN
RESERVED FOR
RAW / PROCESS
RESERVED FOR
FIRE FIGHTING
LOW WATER
LEVEL
SECTION "A-A"
RESERVED FOR
RAW / PROCESS
RESERVED FOR
FIRE FIGHTING
LOW WATER
LEVEL
(TYP-1)
I
|
I
SECTION "A-A"
(WP-2)
E
Fig.4
.2Q
:
5
-%: 1 ._ . .
~~
-~~'--i.__--
~-- ~ ~ 4~-
-M
inamIan
FIRE PROTECTION MANUAI.
SUMP FOR RAW/PROCESS WATER PUMP

/
SUMP FOR FIRE FIGHTING PUMP
l><1====I
E
COMPARTMENT NO.1
,__ 1
IN FLOW
NOZZLE
COMPARTMENT NO.2
I
RESERVED FOR
RAW! PROCESS
RESERVED FOR
FIRE FIGHTING
IN FLOW
NOZZLE
M
Yum:
_.,_,. .~..--.,-M.-.~..,..4_..-|.>m;-
84
NORMAL WATER LEVEL
xv}
<
In
/
OUTLINE OF QPTIONAL
(3)
5D MIN
SUMP
I
<
\_
C
: I
0
-I r-
RULE 7.3 FIG. (a)
NORMAL WATER LEVEL
%//47////%r*\\\
Q
\\\
\:\\\
LOW WATER LEVEL,X
*1
(b)
ouruws OF OPTIONAL /
SUMP
'1
~ SD Mm
1l
I
I
RULE 7.3 FIG.(b)

A.
DISTANCE BETWEEN FLANGES OF FOOT VALVE

& LOW WATER LEVEL.
B.
DISTANCE BETWEEN BOTTOM OF THE TANK &

FLANGES OF FOOT VALVE.
C.
DISTANCE BETWEEN FOOT VALVE & THE NEAREST
D.
DIAMETER OF SUCTION PIPE
I
WALL
3.
Fig.6
2.
i
,,.;..-q,,~..,,.|,,..5,,.__,~
,. ,.~%,,,____'-__;~>_-;_H_,i_:_., -__,_ Q _ _-__,
._.,. _ _., ~..,.,_\:2_<~4'4 a,~~._ _._>_.V_ __ .. .______E._.
. ___._ -_- _.~ v- __-
-;
Rti
$.25
G
85
isou (on 0") war INSTALLATION ALARM VALVE!
In
ma n) mm In Szmmm msxmlmm
SPRINILERAI YBWT SYSTEHS
s.v. s.v. s.v. s.v. s.v. s.v.
DELIVERY MAIN T0 HYDRANT SYSTEM

S0nn IOR 2"}
FEED FOR
N.R.V. S.V.
uromrrgc snmxgs
PLIQ $3.1;-.v. s.v.
1Q
SM
$2R1N.II.I..R
O.H. TANK
HYDRANT PUMP
N.R.v. s.v.
sucrrimmnmmwr
gm :.. "Si
_
__ FOOT Iv we :__-_:;:;
5-.__-__
K
\ 150:1: '1
(ommrmmx
mm,
*
T
+-~ --
'
'
N-V-K $-V.
-
1S0|I|| on 6"
0 LI
R KER SY I5"
1' mus-up |>_
sucnon FORIIAKE-UP mm
SUCTION son SPRINKLER rum
( smusn
WATER RESERVOIR
1som_onie")_ ngwnrnxs mun mos ovsn new-um;

REQUIRED CAPACITY 34,000 u'r|u:$ (on 7,S00VGAI.$_]_
JIBQUIRED usrcm 4.5-. (oius~-0") nova ms axcussr
SPRINKLER (ALTERNATIVE CAPACITY
23,000 LITRES (OR 5,000 GALS) REQUIRED HEIGHT

6m (OR Z0:-0") ABOYE THE HIGHEST SPRLEQLERI
NOTE :
I TER om:
OPERATION.
Schematic Diagram Pipe Connections for Sprinkler & Hydrant Systems
FIG." 7
iz vmxra ,/=2
86
m E P RM
W m N MM
QI
_20 m_U_D
gm"
__w;
EE
V_u___n_
Z
_:"6
__o><|oF|_<5Q_m_n_>_ _w
It
OON
OOI
__m;
EE
_W8
/
F___
|_WZ<n_
Gd S
I IFVI FI I Il I I '
_ / _/ /
_
_ L Z/E
g
g
___
dz/E___
l
l
TENFE
5'5
ll
>
Egmm
\
DUI
OEm
E68
_'L:Cbk;r
_xEpy
RCC ROOF
355"!!!
lmmn
"' H. T. ROOM
O
%
D. G. ROOM
I\ \ \ \ \ _\ \
SECTION A-A
FIG.9
88
FIRE PROTECTION
_ I
MANUAL
H.T.BREAKER
TRANSFORM R
sue-sr/mom
AUTOMATIC
L.T. B R EAKER
CIRCUIT BREAKER
ZI
LOAD POINTS
QQM
[PIC SWITCHFUSE
UNIT
TA TER
FIRE PUMP
MOTOR
H.T.BREAKER
GENERATOR
RANSFORMER
s
L.T.BREAKER
S U B-STATI ON
ClRCUII|'UI:FTEAAAI:|E:R
, , I To/:01 I , , I, II. PA;OI
ACB/OCB
I I,
LOAD POINTS
PUMP ROOM
\__
Y
E] :
TPIC SWITCHFUSE
um
STARTER
<
MOTOR
rv
6
I
w
(RULE-Z435 I
I
FIG.10
w:'.1n~Z\:
K2
-.~-_-.._....'-_,.,,l,;L..I!.L,. .;;.;;r=..wxn'r*z-:-svr=~=..-I-.-=.w.,....,_v,...,W..-L.,..~.....M~_I_
_~
{muW;al'.we=1
CASE ' "I
I H.T.BREAKER
GENERATOR
camzmron HOUSE
BQEAKER
"
'
'
L.T.BREAKEFI
I
PCC
AUTOMATIC
CIRCUIT BREAKER
,-\
\
PCC
BUS UPLE"
/\ PCC I\
Y I I I /
SUB-STATION __
LOAD POINTS
PUMP ROOM
INCOMING ISOLATOR
SUB-SWITCH BOARD/FUSE DISTRIBUTION BOARD

WITH HRC FUSES '
TPIC ISOLATOR
R
MOTOR
CASE - IV
\
H.T.BREAKER
l\
H.T.BREAKER
3 T"*~$F""'E" 5 T"*"$F"~'E"
GENERATOR
GENERATOR HOUSE
AC.BJO.C.B.
LTBREAKEFI
POO
AUTOMAUC
CIFICUITBREAKER
A
I\
FCC
f\
POO
BUS 9-IPLER
LOAD POINTS
CHANGEOVER swrrcu
EMERGENCY PCC
PREFERABLY IN
DETACHED ROOM
AOBIOCB
PUMP ROOM
INCOMING ISCLATOR
SLB-SWITCI*I BOARDIFUSE DISTRIBUTION BOARD
WITH HRC FUSES
TPIC ISOLATOR
iiii
STARTER
FIRE PUMP
MOTOR
(RULE - 7.4.3.5)
1
FIG.l1
E
I
x
in-mnanu.-'
90
FIRE STATION
FRONT vnzw
.<
I
SIDE VIE\V
I
F-
FIG.12
\ ~
-.~@...._),-q.-,..........L;_,,.' ...
. .,,__ ___.
___,
,1 ,_.
.4 ~,_-._
_<.,
*:
ii
<
1
I

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FIRE PROTECTION MANUAL

FIRE PROTECTION MANUAL

FIRE PROTECTION MANUAL

its latest version.

._. ..... ,.._ A. ... .

FIRE PROTECTION MANUAL

Requirements regarding submission of plans .................................................................................... ..5

Procedure to be followed in the case of application for discounts ................................................ .. 7

Inspection staff .......................

Hand appliances .................................................................................................................. .. 10

Small bore hose reels ......................................................................................................

Mechanically driven fire engines and trailer pumps ....................................................................... .. 16

Hydrant protection for High Rise Buildings (Non-industrial) ......................................................... .. 18

Hydrant service ................................................................................................................................. .. 23

Classifications of occupancies .............................................................................................. .. 23

Water supply ........................................................................................................................ .. 28

Steam driven pumps ............................................................................................... .. 36

Electrically driven pumps ......................................................................................... .. 37

Petrol or motor spirit engine driven pumps ........................................................

Compression Ignition Engine Driven Pumps .......................................................... .. 42

Mains ' ........................................... .................................................................................... .. 46

Hydrants/xed monitors ....................................................................................................... .. 50

Hose pipes and nozzles .... ................................................................................................. .. 56

Foam compounds ................................................................................................................. .. 58

Fire fighting personnel ......................................................................................................... .. 58

Maintenance ..................................................... ..,.................................................................. .. 59

7.10.1 Pumps ...................................................................................................................... ..59

7.10.2 Mains ........................................................................................................................ ..59

7.10.3 Hydrants ................................................................................................................... .. 60

7.10.4 Hose pipes and noules .................................................................................... .... .. 60

FIRE PROTECTION MANUAL

Special provisions for Thermal/Gas based power plants ................................................... .. 61

Hydrant protection of cotton gin and press factories .................................................................... .. 62

Hose pipes and nozzles ....................................................................................................... ..63

Fire fighting staff .................................................................................................................. .. 63

MUTUAL AID SCHEME .................................................................................................................. .. 64

Effective capacity of reservoir .......................................................................................................... .. 29

Capacity for hydrant service ............................................................................................................ ..30

3.&3A. Size of pipe mains ........................................................................................................................... ..48

Application for fire extinguishing appliance(s) discount .................................................................. .. 66

Guarantee regarding fire extinguishing appliances .......................................................................... .. 67

Details of fire extinguishing appliances .................................................................................... ..... .. 68

Certificate from Insurers Engineer ................................................................................................... .. 74

Fire drill register ............................................................................................................................... .. 75

Water pressure table ......................................................................................................................... .. 76

______,___,,_,_M_ _,_,__ __,. ,_

FIRE PROTECTION MANUAL

REQUIREMENTS REGARDING SUBMISSION OF PLANS :

FIRE PROTECTION MANUAL

Fireproof doors and/or Shutters to be marked as follows :

Double Fireproof Doors

above the highest roof to be stated.

Sky lights to be marked Sky Lights" or S.L.".

Boiler to be shown by a rectangular figure marked Boiler.

1.5.11 Cut-off valves to be marked / drawn across the mains.

1.5.13 Pumpls) suction piping to be shown dotted and diameter indicated.

FIRE PROTECTION MANUAL

m.m. (Z) SPK MAIN

1.5.17 Sprinklered blocks to be marked "S"

PROCEDURE TO BE FOLLOWED IN THE CASE OF APPLICATION FOR

FIRE PROTECTION -MANUAL

Route of cable from Sub-Station to tire pump house.

Legend explaining the various symbols used should be given.

____,_,,_,_M_ _,_, ,. ,_