Project Planning Process

Establish project objective

Define scope
Create WBS
Assign responsibility
Define specific activities
Sequence activities
Estimate activity durations
Develop project schedule
Estimate activity resources
Estimate activity costs
Determine budget

Planning
for Information Systems Development
Definition
Computer-based system
Accepts data as input
Processes the data
Produces useful information

Examples

Computerized order entry

E-commerce
Automatic teller machines
Billing, payroll, and inventory

Process
Plan, execute, and control
Systems Development Life
Cycle

Problem definition
System analysis
System design
System development
System testing
System implementation

Establish Project Objective

Project objective includes

Expected benefits
Primary project end product or deliverable
Date required to be completed
Budget

Changes agreed upon by customer and

contractor
Project objective should be clear and concise at
the beginning of the project.

Example of Project Objective

To reduce outstanding accounts payable by RM20
million by implementing a new billing, collection,
and receiving systems by May 31 2014 within a
budget not exceed RM200,000.
Give an example of a project objective to help
repair a city that has been damaged by an
earthquake.

Exercise
A corporation called ABC Office designs has a large number of
sales representatives who sell office furniture to major
corporations. Each sales representative assigned to a specific
state, and each state is part of one of four regions in the
country. To enable management to monitor the number and
amount of sales for each representative, for each state, and
for each region, ABC has decided to build a Web-based
reporting information system that will track prices, inventory,
and the competition

What is this project objective?

Define Project Scope

It describes in detail the work to be accomplished on
the project.
Project Scope Document
Project Scope
Usually contains

Defines what needs done

Includes
Items contained in project
charter, RFP, proposal
More detail

Establishes common
understanding of scope
with stakeholders

Customer requirements
Statement of Work
Deliverables
Acceptance Criteria
Work Breakdown Structure

Establishes baseline
Change control system to
avoid scope creep

As time progresses, the scope of a project should become more clear

and specific.
Table 5-3 provides an example of how the scope becomes progressively more detailed
in scope statements labeled Version 1 and Version 2.

The project scope statements often refer to related

documents, which can be product specifications,
product brochures, or other plans.

As more information becomes available and decisions

are made related to project scope, such as specific
products that will be purchased or changes that have
been approved, the project team should update the
project scope statement.

Exercise
A corporation called ABC Office designs has a large number of
sales representatives who sell office furniture to major
corporations. Each sales representative assigned to a specific
state, and each state is part of one of four regions in the
country. To enable management to monitor the number and
amount of sales for each representative, for each state, and
for each region, ABC has decided to build a Web-based
reporting information system that will track prices, inventory,
and the competition

What is the project scope and the project scope document for
this project?

Plan for Quality

To ensure that the project will satisfy the
needs for which it was undertaken.

Complete work according to specifications and standards

Plan for assuring quality as project progresses

Include
References for specifications and standards
Written procedures for quality tools and techniques
Key aspects
Monitor as the project progresses
Do work right the first time rather than rework

Project quality management involves three main processes:

1) Planning quality management includes identifying which quality requirements

and standards are relevant to the project and how to satisfy them.
Incorporating quality standards into project design is a key part of quality
planning.

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Project quality management involves three main processes:

2) Performing quality assurance involves periodically evaluating overall
project performance to ensure that the project will satisfy the relevant
quality standards.
The quality assurance process involves taking responsibility for quality
throughout the projects life cycle.

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Project quality management involves three main processes:

3) Controlling quality involves monitoring specific project results to ensure that

they comply with the relevant quality standards while identifying ways to
improve overall quality.

The main outputs of quality control include quality control measurements,

validated changes, validated deliverables, work performance information, change
requests, project management plan updates, project documents updates, and
organizational process asset updates.

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Create Work Breakdown Structure

(WBS)
WBS
Establishes the framework for how the work will get
done to produce the project deliverables.
Deliverable is output of work package
Resource requirements and durations can be
assigned
Accountability can be assigned
Project manager can monitor and control

Graphic chart or indentured list

CREATING THE WORK

BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE
A work breakdown structure (WBS) is a deliverable oriented
grouping of the work involved in a project that defines its total
scope.
The WBS is a foundation document in project management
because it provides the basis for planning and managing project
schedules, costs, resources, and changes.
The project scope management plan, scope statement,
requirements documentation, enterprise environmental factors,
and organizational process assets are the primary inputs for
creating a WBS.
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CREATING THE WORK

BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE
The main tool or technique is decomposition that is, subdividing
project deliverables into smaller pieces.
The outputs of the process of creating the WBS are the scope
baseline and project documents updates.

The scope baseline includes the approved project scope

statement and its associated WBS and WBS dictionary.

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WBS - Graphic Chart

A WBS is often depicted as a

task-oriented tree of activities,
similar to an organizational

chart.

What does a WBS look like?

to help visualize the whole

project and all of its main parts.
Work item
work. package is a task at the lowest
level of the WBS.

WBS - Indentured List

Assign Responsibility
Responsibility assignment matrix (RAM)- maps the work
of the project, as described in the WBS, to the people
responsible for performing the work.
The RAM allocates work to responsible and performing
organizations, teams, or individuals, depending on the
desired level of detail.

Assign Responsibility
RACI charts to show four key roles for project stakeholders:
Responsibility: Who does the task?
Accountability: Who signs off on the task or has authority for it?
Consultation: Who has information necessary to complete the task?
Informed: Who needs to be notified of task status and results?

a RACI chart lists tasks vertically and lists individuals or groups

horizontally.
Each intersecting cell contains an R, A, C, or I. A task may have
multiple R, C, or I entries, but there can be only one A entry per row to clarify
who is accountable for each task.
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Assign Responsibility
For example, a mechanic is responsible for repairing a car, but the shop owner is
accountable for the repairs being made properly. The car owner and parts
supplier would be other stakeholders with various roles for different work
activities, as shown in Table 9-2.
Project managers can use the RACI codes or any other codes to help clarify the
roles that different organizational units or specific stakeholders have in getting the
work done.

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Exercise
A corporation called ABC Office designs has a large number of
sales representatives who sell office furniture to major
corporations. Each sales representative assigned to a specific
state, and each state is part of one of four regions in the
country. To enable management to monitor the number and
amount of sales for each representative, for each state, and for
each region, ABC has decided to build a Web-based reporting
information system that will track prices, inventory, and the
competition
Identify the major tasks that need to be accomplished to
develop the Web-based reporting information systems (hint:
SDLC).
Develop the WBS and assign responsibility