Diploma Programme

Mathematics SL formula booklet

For use during the course and in the examinations
First examinations 2014

Edited in 2015 (version 2)

International Baccalaureate Organization 2012

5045

Contents
Prior learning

Topics

Topic 1Algebra

Topic 2Functions and equations

Topic 3Circular functions and trigonometry

Topic 4Vectors

Topic 5Statistics and probability

Topic 6Calculus

Mathematics SL formula booklet

Formulae

Prior learning
Area of a parallelogram

A = bh

Area of a triangle

1
A = (b h)
2

Area of a trapezium

1
A = ( a + b) h
2

Area of a circle

A = r 2

Circumference of a circle

C = 2r

Volume of a pyramid

1
V = (area of base vertical height)
3

Volume of a cuboid (rectangular prism)

V = l w h

Volume of a cylinder

V = r 2 h

Area of the curved surface of a cylinder

A = 2rh

Volume of a sphere

4
V = r 3
3

Volume of a cone

1
V = r 2 h
3

Distance between two points ( x1 , y1 , z1 ) and

d = ( x1 x2 ) 2 + ( y1 y2 ) 2 + ( z1 z2 ) 2

( x2 , y2 , z2 )
Coordinates of the midpoint of a line segment
with endpoints ( x1 , y1 , z1 ) and ( x2 , y2 , z2 )

Mathematics SL formula booklet

x1 + x2 y1 + y2 z1 + z2
,
,
2
2
2

Topics

Topic 1Algebra
1.1

1.2

1.3

The nth term of an

arithmetic sequence

un = u1 + (n 1) d

The sum of n terms of an

arithmetic sequence

Sn =

The nth term of a

geometric sequence

un = u1r n 1

The sum of n terms of a

finite geometric sequence

Sn =

u1 (r n 1) u1 (1 r n )
, r 1
=
r 1
1 r

The sum of an infinite

geometric sequence

S =

u1
, r <1
1 r

Exponents and logarithms

ax = b

Laws of logarithms

log c a + log c b = log c ab

a
log c a log c b = log c
b
r
log c a = r log c a

Change of base

log b a =

Binomial coefficient

Binomial theorem

Mathematics SL formula booklet

n
n
( 2u1 + (n 1) d ) = (u1 + un )
2
2

x = log a b

log c a
log c b

n
n!
=
r
r !(n r )!
( a + b) n = a n +

n n 1
a b+
1

n nr r
a b +
r

+ bn

Topic 2Functions and equations

2.4

Axis of symmetry of graph

of a quadratic function

f ( x) = ax 2 + bx + c axis of symmetry x =

2.6

Relationships between
logarithmic and
exponential functions

a x = e x ln a
log a a x = x = a loga x

2.7

Solutions of a quadratic
equation

ax 2 + bx + c = 0

Discriminant

= b 2 4ac

x=

b
2a

b b 2 4ac
, a0
2a

Topic 3Circular functions and trigonometry

3.1

3.2

3.3

Length of an arc

l =r

Area of a sector

1
A = r2
2

Trigonometric identity

tan =

Pythagorean identity

cos 2 + sin 2 = 1

Double angle formulae

sin 2 = 2sin cos

sin
cos

cos 2 = cos 2 sin 2 = 2cos 2 1 = 1 2 sin 2

3.6

Cosine rule

c 2 = a 2 + b 2 2ab cos C ; cos C =

Sine rule

a
b
c
=
=
sin A sin B sin C

Area of a triangle

1
A = ab sin C
2

Mathematics SL formula booklet

a 2 + b2 c2
2ab

Topic 4Vectors
4.1

4.2

Magnitude of a vector
Scalar product

v = v12 + v2 2 + v32
v w = v w cos
v w = v1w1 + v2 w2 + v3 w3

4.3

vw
v w

Angle between two

vectors

cos =

Vector equation of a line

r = a + tb

Topic 5Statistics and probability

5.2

Mean of a set of data

fx

i i

x=

i =1
n

i =1

5.5

5.6

5.7

5.8

5.9

n ( A)
n (U )

Probability of an event A

P ( A) =

Complementary events

P ( A) + P ( A) = 1

Combined events

P ( A B ) = P ( A) + P ( B) P ( A B )

Mutually exclusive events

P ( A B ) = P ( A) + P ( B)

Conditional probability

P ( A B ) = P (A) P (B | A)

Independent events

P ( A B ) = P ( A) P ( B)

Expected value of a
discrete random variable X

E ( X ) = = x P ( X = x)

Binomial distribution

X ~ B(n , p ) P ( X = r ) =

Mean

E ( X ) = np

Variance

Var ( X ) = np (1 p )

Standardized normal
variable

z=

Mathematics SL formula booklet

n r
p (1 p ) n r , r = 0,1,
r

,n

Topic 6Calculus
6.1

6.2

y = f ( x)

Derivative of x n

f ( x) = x n

Derivative of sin x

f ( x) = sin x

f ( x) = cos x

Derivative of cos x

f ( x) = cos x

f ( x) = sin x

Derivative of tan x

f ( x) = tan x

f ( x) =

Derivative of e x

f ( x) = e x

Derivative of ln x

f ( x) = ln x

Chain rule

y = g (u ) , u = f ( x)

Product rule

y = uv

Quotient rule
6.4

dy
f ( x + h) f ( x )
= f ( x) = lim
h

0
dx
h

Derivative of f ( x)

y=

u
v

n
x dx =

1
cos 2 x

f ( x) = e x

f ( x) =

1
x
dy dy du
=

dx du dx

dy
dv
du
=u +v
dx
dx
dx
du
dv
u
dy
= dx 2 dx
dx
v
v

Standard integrals

f ( x) = nx n 1

x n +1
+ C , n 1
n +1

x dx = ln x + C ,

x>0

sin x dx = cos x + C
cos x dx = sin x + C
e
6.5

Area under a curve

between x = a and x = b

A = y dx
a

Volume
of
revolution
V=
about the x-axis from x = a
to x = b
6.6

Total distance travelled

from t1 to t 2

Mathematics SL formula booklet

dx = e x + C

y 2 dx

distance =

t2

t1

v(t ) dt