Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
National University Singapore, National University of Singapore, Version correct as of 19/11/2012 08:31, (c) The British Standards Institution 2012
BRITISH STANDARD
BS 6464:1984
Incorporating
Amendment No. 1
Specification for
Reinforced plastics
pipes, fittings and
joints for process plants
Confirmed
January 2009
UDC 621.643.2:678.067.5:66.026
Licensed copy: Mr. National University Singapore, National University of Singapore, Version correct as of 19/11/2012 08:31, (c) The British Standards Institution 2012
BS 6464:1984
The following bodies were also represented in the drafting of the standard,
through subcommittees and panels:
British Adhesive Manufacturers Association
British Board of Agrment
Greater London Council
Heating and Ventilating Contractors Association
Institute of Plumbing
Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food
Pitch Fibre Pipe Association of Great Britain
Date
Comments
6294
November
1990
Licensed copy: Mr. National University Singapore, National University of Singapore, Version correct as of 19/11/2012 08:31, (c) The British Standards Institution 2012
BS 6464:1984
Contents
Page
Committees responsible
Inside front cover
Foreword
iii
Section 1. General
1
Scope
1
2
Definitions
1
3
Nomenclature, symbols and units for design
1
Section 2. Materials and properties
4
Thermosetting resin systems
2
5
Fibrous reinforcement
2
6
Aggregates and fillers
2
7
Thermoplastics liners
2
8
Cement for bonding spigot and socket joints
2
9
Mechanical properties
3
10 Thermal properties
3
11 Chemical properties
4
12 Construction of a chemical liner
4
13 Flammability
4
Section 3. Design and design calculations
14 General
5
15 Laminate design and thickness
6
16 Design calculations for pipes subject to internal pressure
7
17 Design calculations for pipes subject to vacuum
7
Section 4. Dimension markings and information
18 Dimensions
8
19 Tolerances on dimensions of pipes and fittings
9
20 Marking
9
21 Information
9
Section 5. Construction and workmanship
22 Manufacturing conditions in works involving the cure of resins
10
23 Manufacturing procedure
10
24 Thermoplastics liners
10
25 Fittings
11
26 Joints
15
Section 6. Testing
27 Tests for design
18
28 Production testing
19
29 Welding procedure tests for thermoplastics linings
20
30 Tests for production welds in thermoplastics linings
20
31 Production samples for mechanical tests on a laminate
20
Section 7. Inspection and testing
32 Facilities for inspection and testing
20
33 Certification of inspection and testing
20
Appendix A Information to be given with an enquiry or tender or on
receipt of an order
22
Appendix B Methods of test
22
Appendix C Worked examples of the design method specified in section 3
28
Appendix D Methods of manufacture of reinforced plastics pipes
34
Appendix E Acceptable limits of visual defects
35
BSI 03-1999
Licensed copy: Mr. National University Singapore, National University of Singapore, Version correct as of 19/11/2012 08:31, (c) The British Standards Institution 2012
BS 6464:1984
Page
36
37
ii
BSI 03-1999
Licensed copy: Mr. National University Singapore, National University of Singapore, Version correct as of 19/11/2012 08:31, (c) The British Standards Institution 2012
BS 6464:1984
Foreword
This British Standard has been prepared under the direction of the Plastics
Standards Committee. Its purpose is to establish a general standard for the
design and manufacture of reinforced plastics pipes and fittings for process plant.
The manufacture of pipes and fittings in reinforced plastics involves a number of
materials, plastics and reinforcing systems and a number of different methods of
manufacture.
Metallic pipes, being made from materials which are isotropic, may conveniently
be designed by calculating permissible stresses, based on measured tensile and
ductile properties. Reinforced plastics are usually anisotropic, and the design
method adopted in this standard, being based on unit loading, is particularly
suited to the design of composite materials.
This standard includes a method of calculation for an appropriate laminate
construction based on the allowable unit loading and unit modulus for the type of
composite concerned. Design factors are included to cover such variables as:
a) deterioration of the composite properties over a long period;
b) effect of temperature on the properties of the composite;
c) repeated or alternating loading.
The nominal pipe sizes specified in this standard have been selected from those
under consideration within Technical Committee 138, Plastics pipes and fittings
for the transport of fluids, of the International Organization for Standardization
(ISO).
It is implicit that pipes and fittings covered by this standard should be made only
by manufacturers and operators (see 23.1 and 24.4) who are competent and
suitably equipped to fulfil all the requirements of this standard.
It is expected that these principles will be proved by documentation of past
experience or by prototype testing, being supplied to the satisfaction of the
purchaser or the nominated inspecting authority as appropriate.
Attention is drawn to BS 5480 which covers pressure and non-pressure GRP
pipes, joints and fittings intended for conveying, above or below ground, liquids
including potable and non-potable water, foul sewage and storm water.
The following publications give information on stress/strain analysis of laminates
(see clause 9 and 15.1).
Jones, R M, Mechanics of composite materials, McGraw Hill (1975)
Calcote, L R, The analysis of laminate composite structures,
van Nostsand (1969)
Eckold, G C, Leadbetter, D, Soden, P D, and Griggs, P R, Lamination theory in
the production of pipeline envelopes for filament wound materials subject to
biaxial loading, Composites (1978)
A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a
contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application.
Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity
from legal obligations.
Summary of pages
This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to iv,
pages 1 to 52, an inside back cover and a back cover.
This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had
amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on
the inside front cover.
BSI 03-1999
iii
iv
blank
Licensed copy: Mr. National University Singapore, National University of Singapore, Version correct as of 19/11/2012 08:31, (c) The British Standards Institution 2012
Licensed copy: Mr. National University Singapore, National University of Singapore, Version correct as of 19/11/2012 08:31, (c) The British Standards Institution 2012
BS 6464:1984
Section 1. General
2 Definitions
1 Scope
2.1
curing2)
the chemical reaction resulting in the final
polymerized product
NOTE It may be effected at ambient temperature or by the use
of heat. In certain resin systems the full cure has to be effected in
two stages of which the first may, and the second does, involve
the application of heat. This second stage is known as the
post-cure.
2.2
laminate2)
a resin reinforced with a form of glass fibre material
2.3
laying-up2)
a process of applying or producing laminates in
position on a former prior to cure
2.4
aggregates
an inert granular material of a size range
between 5 mm and 0.05 mm used as a design part of
the structure
NOTE Aggregates, such as silica sands, may be incorporated
where they are a design part of the composite structure.
2.5
inert fillers
a fine material with a particle size below 0.05 mm
2.6
angle of lay,
the angle of the application of continuous rovings
with respect to the horizontal axis
2)
BSI 03-1999
Licensed copy: Mr. National University Singapore, National University of Singapore, Version correct as of 19/11/2012 08:31, (c) The British Standards Institution 2012
BS 6464:1984
d
R
5 Fibrous reinforcement
The glass fibre reinforcement used in the body of the
laminate shall comply with BS 3396, BS 3496,
BS 3691 or BS 3749, as appropriate, and shall have
a surface treatment compatible with the resin.
7 Thermoplastics liners
If thermoplastics liners are used, the material shall
be selected on the basis of resistance to the fluid to
be carried.
If unplasticized polyvinyl chloride (uPVC) is the
specified liner, uPVC pipe complying with BS 3505
or BS 3506 shall be used. In the case of nominal
sizes greater than 500 mm uPVC sheet complying
with BS 3757 shall be used for fabrication
(see clause 24).
The minimum thickness for uPVC shall be 2.5 mm.
If used, the minimum thickness of polypropylene
shall be 2 mm except for pipe of diameter 80 mm or
less, for which the minimum thickness shall
be 1.5 mm.
NOTE Specialized liners such as CPVC, FEP, PVDF and PTFE
may be required for very difficult process conditions.
BSI 03-1999
Licensed copy: Mr. National University Singapore, National University of Singapore, Version correct as of 19/11/2012 08:31, (c) The British Standards Institution 2012
BS 6464:1984
Definition
Derivation
Symbol
Unit
N/mm
(per kg/m2 glass)
Layer design
unit loading
Determined by multiplying ux
the unit modulus, X, by the
allowable strain for the
particular laminate layer.
N/mm
(per kg/m2 glass)
Unit modulus
N/mm
(per kg/m2 glass)
ULAM
UOVL
N/mm width
Unit load
9 Mechanical properties
The mechanical properties of the laminate layers
shall be not less than the values given in Table 2
when tested in accordance with the appropriate
methods described in Appendix B.
The values given in Table 2 apply to laminates
incorporating only E glass reinforcement and
complying with BS 3396, BS 3496, BS 3691 or
BS 3749, and having a glass content by mass as
determined by the method described in
BS 2782:Method 1002 within the range shown in
Figure 2.
If higher values for mechanical properties are used
as a basis for design the manufacturer shall
demonstrate their accuracy.
If continuous rovings are filament wound at an
angle to the pipe axis, values of circumferential
and longitudinal unit modulus shall be calculated
by application of the graph in Figure 3 and the
factors given in Table 3 as appropriate to the angle.
N/mm width
Circumferential
factor
0 < < 15
15 < < 75
0.5
0.5
75 < < 90
Longitudinal
factor
10 Thermal properties
The heat distortion temperature of the fully cured
resin system used for the reinforced laminate, when
determined in accordance with
BS 2782:Method 121A, shall be not less than 20 C
higher than the design temperature of use of the
pipe and fitting.
BSI 03-1999
Licensed copy: Mr. National University Singapore, National University of Singapore, Version correct as of 19/11/2012 08:31, (c) The British Standards Institution 2012
BS 6464:1984
Property
Ultimate tensile
unit strength
(see B.3)
Unit modulus
(see B.4)
Lap shear
strength
(see B.5)
N/mm
(width per
kg/m2 glass)
N/mm
(width per
kg/m2 glass)
N/mm2
200
14 000
7.0
250
16 000
6.0
430
90
23 000
10 000
6.0
6.0
450
25 000
6.0
500
28 000
6.0
Continuous rovings
11 Chemical properties
NOTE 1 The chemical resistance of resins varies with the type,
the source and the state of cure.
13 Flammability
Where pipe is intended to convey flammable fluids
the resin in the external surface layers shall be
modified so as to have a surface spread of flame
characteristic that complies with clause 2 of
BS 476-7:1971. The test shall be carried out on a
laminate representative of that to be used for the
pipe.
BSI 03-1999
Licensed copy: Mr. National University Singapore, National University of Singapore, Version correct as of 19/11/2012 08:31, (c) The British Standards Institution 2012
BS 6464:1984
14 General
BSI 03-1999
(1)
Part factor k1
Handwork
1.5
Repeatable machine controlled work 1.5
Spray application
3.0
Licensed copy: Mr. National University Singapore, National University of Singapore, Version correct as of 19/11/2012 08:31, (c) The British Standards Institution 2012
BS 6464:1984
< 20 %
1.2
> 20 % < 50 %
Interpolate between
20 % = 1.2
50 % = 2.0
> 50 %
Material unsuitable
(2)
ux = d Xx
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
BSI 03-1999
Licensed copy: Mr. National University Singapore, National University of Singapore, Version correct as of 19/11/2012 08:31, (c) The British Standards Institution 2012
BS 6464:1984
(7)
pD
Axial unit load Q a = -----------i
4
(8)
where
p
(9)
where
M is the total bending moment.
16.2.2 Vertical pipes. The maximum axial unit load
for conditions a) to d) in 16.2.1 plus the addition of
the mass of pipe, fittings, contents, and attachments
above or below the point of consideration shall be
calculated from equation (10).
pD
4M
F
Axial unit load Q a = ----------i ------------- ---------2
4
;D
i
;D i
(10)
where
F is the algebraic sum of all the appropriate
vertical forces acting on the pipes adjacent to the
support.
Vertical forces causing tension in the pipe shall be
considered positive, and forces causing compression
shall be considered negative.
16.3 Permissible axial compressive load.
A check calculation shall be made to ensure that the
region of the pipe subject to the highest compressive
load is adequate to resist collapse by local buckling.
To make this check the overall unit modulus, XLAM,
(for the axial direction using axial compressive
properties) for the proposed construction shall be
calculated from equation (4).
The permissible maximum axial compressive unit
load, Qp, to resist buckling shall then be calculated
from equation (11) which includes a safety factor
of 4.
0.6tX LAM
Q p = --------------------------4D i
(11)
Licensed copy: Mr. National University Singapore, National University of Singapore, Version correct as of 19/11/2012 08:31, (c) The British Standards Institution 2012
BS 6464:1984
(14)
where
J
(12)
(15)
where
XLAM
(13)
LAM
0.18D o JD s p
l = --------------------------------------E LAM
(16)
(17)
(13)
25
32
40
50
150
200
250
300
600
700
800
900
65
80
100
125
350 400
450
500
1 000
BSI 03-1999
Licensed copy: Mr. National University Singapore, National University of Singapore, Version correct as of 19/11/2012 08:31, (c) The British Standards Institution 2012
BS 6464:1984
20 Marking
Each pipe and fitting shall be permanently marked
with the following information:
a) manufacturers name or initials and
identification code;
b) nominal size;
c) pressure rating and temperature rating;
d) number and date of this standard,
i.e. BS 6464:19843);
e) resin type and thermoplastics liner type if
used.
21 Information
21.1 The manufacturer shall declare the lining and
laminate system to be employed which shall be
specified in full including the following details
determined at the design stage:
a) lining system;
b) number of layers and notional thickness of
each layer;
c) total minimum thickness of the laminate
system;
3)
Marking BS 6464:1984 on or in relation to a product is a claim by the manufacturer that the product has been manufactured to
the requirements of the standard. The accuracy of such a claim is therefore solely the manufacturers responsibility. Enquiries as
to the availability of third party certification to support such claims should be addressed to the Director, Quality Assurance
Division, BSI, Maylands Avenue, Hemel Hempstead, Herts HP2 4SQ for certification marks administered by BSI or to the
appropriate authority for other certification marks.
BSI 03-1999
Licensed copy: Mr. National University Singapore, National University of Singapore, Version correct as of 19/11/2012 08:31, (c) The British Standards Institution 2012
BS 6464:1984
23 Manufacturing procedure
23.1 The manufacturer shall eliminate as many
variables as possible to ensure consistency in both
materials and fabrication, and shall provide
adequate supervision at all stages of manufacture.
NOTE All operators to be employed should be experienced in
carrying out the type of work involved in the order.
Representative test pieces of laminate should be submitted to
prove the competence of each operator unless evidence of prior
satisfactory work is available.
10
24 Thermoplastics liners
24.1 If uPVC is the required liner uPVC pipe
complying with BS 3505 or BS 3506 shall be used
for lining pipe up to 500 mm diameter. In the case of
larger pipes uPVC sheet complying with BS 3757
shall be used and this shall be stress relieved in an
oven at temperatures between 120 C and 140 C
for 15 min from attaining this temperature.
All forming operations of uPVC shall be performed
at a temperature between 120 C and 140 C.
24.2 Polypropylene and PVDF liners if required
shall be formed from extruded sheets to which is
attached a glass fibre backing. The thickness of the
sheet shall be as specified in clause 7.
24.3 All welds shall be butt welds
Before welding of the liner commences the edges to
be welded, together with a filler rod, shall be
suitably cleaned. In addition, glass backed
thermoplastics liners shall have the glass backing
stripped back to a distance between 3 mm and 6 mm
on either side of the weld preparation to ensure that
no glass filaments are included in the welded joint.
BSI 03-1999
Licensed copy: Mr. National University Singapore, National University of Singapore, Version correct as of 19/11/2012 08:31, (c) The British Standards Institution 2012
BS 6464:1984
BSI 03-1999
25 Fittings
25.1 The minimum dimensions of sockets shall be as
specified in Table 6.
25.2 The minimum dimensions of fittings,
dependent upon the method of fabrication to be used
for the pipeline described in Appendix F, shall be
calculated from the appropriate method given in
Table 7 using the relevant values given in Table 8.
NOTE 1 The location of the dimensions in Table 7 and
Table 8 are shown in Figure 7 and Figure 8.
NOTE 2 The preferred method of manufacture for fittings
from 25 to 600 nominal size is by one-piece moulding.
11
Licensed copy: Mr. National University Singapore, National University of Singapore, Version correct as of 19/11/2012 08:31, (c) The British Standards Institution 2012
BS 6464:1984
25
32
40
50
65
80
100
125
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
600
700
800
900
1 000
12
25
25
25
36
40
40
50
60
65
75
100
100
100
100
105
105
110
115
120
135
150
4 bar
mm
25
25
25
36
40
40
70
75
75
75
100
100
100
100
105
110
115
120
120
135
150
6 bar
mm
25
25
25
36
40
40
70
75
75
75
100
100
105
120
120
125
150
175
200
225
250
10 bar
mm
25
25
32
36
40
40
70
75
75
75
100
100
120
135
143
165
200
235
265
300
16 bar
mm
25
25
40
40
50
60
70
75
85
110
150
180
220
240
270
300
25 bar
mm
25
40
40
40
65
85
100
120
135
180
220
270
300
40 bar
mm
50
50
50
75
95
115
145
180
215
285
64 bar
mm
58
75
95
150
185
230
290
BSI 03-1999
Licensed copy: Mr. National University Singapore, National University of Singapore, Version correct as of 19/11/2012 08:31, (c) The British Standards Institution 2012
BS 6464:1984
Fabrication method
Method 1
Method 2
Method 3
R + L2
R + L3
R + A + L2
C1 + L2
C1 + L 3
C1 + A + L2
E1
Sd + D/2
Sd + D/2 + L3d
Sd + D/2 + Ad
E2
Sd + d/2
Sd + d/2 + L3D
Sd + d/2 + AD
L1
Hd1 + Hd2
NOTE 1
NOTE 2
Subscripts D and d refer to the values for the related diameter of each branch.
For location of dimensions see Figure 7 and Figure 8.
Nominal size
D or d
C1
L2
L3
25
40
50
80
150
150
150
175
50
50
75
100
100
100
125
125
75
115
150
225
75
75
75
75
50
50
50
50
75
75
75
75
100
150
200
250
200
225
275
300
125
100
125
100
150
200
225
250
300
225
300
250
75
125
150
200
50
75
75
75
100
125
175
200
300
350
400
450
350
400
450
475
125
150
175
175
275
325
350
375
300
350
400
450
225
275
300
350
75
100
100
100
225
275
325
350
500
600
700
800
500
500
500
550
200
225
275
325
400
450
525
575
500
600
700
800
375
450
525
600
100
100
100
100
375
450
350
400
900
1 000
600
650
350
400
625
675
900
1 000
675
750
100
100
450
500
BSI 03-1999
13
Licensed copy: Mr. National University Singapore, National University of Singapore, Version correct as of 19/11/2012 08:31, (c) The British Standards Institution 2012
BS 6464:1984
0.2 %
Pipe nominal
size
0.16 %
0.13 %
Pressure up to 10 bar
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
50
65
10
10
10
10
10
11
12
13
102
121
80
100
125
150
10
14
15
16
11
15
16
17
12
16
17
18
14
18
19
20
200
250
300
350
18
22
26
26
20
24
29
29
22
26
31
31
400
450
500
600
28
30
31
35
30
32
34
38
33
35
36
40
43
46
50
54
mm
10b
10b
10b
107
127
28
30
133
172
194
219
142
162
192
218
32
32
32
32
24
28
34
34
276
337
406
448
273
328
378
438
38
45
50
55
36
38
39
44
511
546
603
714
489
539
594
695
55
60
60
65
BS 3293:
Class 150
BS 4504:
Table 10
47
50
55
59
829
937
1 045
1 159
Pressure up to 10 bar
23
24
25
Pressure up to 6 bar
0.2 %
39
42
47
50
0.1 %
BS 4504:
Table 10.
36
39
43
46
Flange (type C)
thickness, NC
BS 1560:
Class 150
25
32
40
700
800
900
1 000
Flange (type B)
thickness, NB
810
917
1 017
1 124
Pressure up to 6 bar
55
60
65
70
14
BSI 03-1999
Licensed copy: Mr. National University Singapore, National University of Singapore, Version correct as of 19/11/2012 08:31, (c) The British Standards Institution 2012
BS 6464:1984
Table 10 Thickness and mating dimensions of flanges and backing flanges (see Figure 10)
Pipe
Backing flange
nominal
thicknessa, W
size
Pressure 10 bar
Solid
Splitb
mm
mm
P.C.D.
mm
mm
Hole
diameter
Bolts
Number
in
14
14
115
125
134
152
178
79.4 5/
8
88.9 5/8
98.4 5/8
120.6 3/4
139.7 3/4
15.9
15.9
15.9
19.0
19.0
4
4
4
4
4
80
100
125
150
200
250
300
350
10
12
12
13
15
18
21
22
14
17
17
18
21
25
30
31
190
229
254
279
343
406
483
533
152.4
190.5
215.9
241.3
298.4
362.0
431.8
476.2
19.0
19.0
22.2
22.2
22.2
25.4
25.4
28.6
4
8
8
8
8
12
12
12
28.6
31.8
31.8
34.9
16
16
20
20
400
450
500
600
24
25
27
32
34
35
38
45
Pressure 6 bar
700
800
900
1 000
29
32
35
39
a
Based on
b
Two-part
c
41
45
49
55
597
635
698
813
7/
7
/8
7/
8
1
1
11/8
11/
539.8
8
577.8 11/4
635.0 11/4
749.3 13/8
927c 864c
1 061c 978c
1 168c 1 086c
1 289c 1 200c
13/8
15/8
15/8
15/8
34.9
41.3
41.3
41.3
26 Joints
26.1 General. The types of joints in general use are
as follows:
a) butt;
b) cemented spigot and socket;
c) flanged;
d) spigot and socket with elastomeric sealing
rings.
Type d) is not usually designed to take end loads.
BSI 03-1999
Hole
diameter
mm
mm
mm
/2
115
140
150
165
185
85
100
110
125
145
14
18
18
18
18
4
4
4
4
4
M12
M16
M16
M16
M16
5/
8
5
/8
3/
4
3
/4
3/
4
7
/8
7/
8
200
220
250
285
340
395
445
505
160
180
210
240
295
350
400
460
18
18
18
22
22
22
22
22
8
8
8
8
8
12
12
16
M16
M16
M16
M20
M20
M20
M20
M20
565
615
670
780
515
565
620
725
26
26
26
30
16
20
20
20
M24
M24
M24
M27
895 840
1 015 950
1 115 1 050
1 230 1 160
30
33
33
36
24
24
28
28
M27
M30
M30
M33
Size
1
1/
2
1
/2
5
/8
5
/8
1
1
11/8
11/4
11/4
Bolts
Number
Size
NOTE 1
P.C.D
in
10
10
3/
4
3/
4
O.D.
mm
25
32
40
50
65
28
28
32
36
11/4
11/2
11/2
11/2
15
Licensed copy: Mr. National University Singapore, National University of Singapore, Version correct as of 19/11/2012 08:31, (c) The British Standards Institution 2012
BS 6464:1984
Step
1 mm
1.5 mm
Above 400
2 mm
16
(18)
D
or ------i whichever is the greater
2
(19)
where
ULAM is determined in the axial direction.
An outer-layer of chopped strand mat shall be
provided, together with an outer resin-rich layer.
The outer edges of the overlay shall taper down to
the pipe so that they do not form stress raisers.
When practicable the interior of the joints shall be
freshly abraded to remove the glass finish and
sealed with a minimum of 900 g/m2 chopped strand
mat followed by a surface tissue layer and sealing
coat. This internal laminate shall not be considered
as making a contribution to the strength of the joint.
The pipe manufacturer shall provide precise details
of the laminate to be used for the joint and shall
provide full test evidence that illustrates that a joint
so produced is satisfactory.
26.4.2 Butt joints in lined pipes. The ends of the pipe
shall be chamfered back at a slope of 1 in 6 leaving
intact the thermoplastics liner (see Figure 6). The
liner shall be prepared for welding as specified
in 24.3, fixed in position and welded. The bond
strengths between the area adjacent to the weld and
the overlay shall comply with 12.1. The initial
overlay using 600 g/m2 of chopped strand mat shall
have a glass content of between 25 % and 33 % when
determined by the method described in
BS 2782:Method 1002.
The joints shall then be overlaid with a suitable
laminate such that the hoop axial and inter-laminar
shear strengths of the joint shall be at least equal to
the strength of the pipe.
The length of the overlay for pipes up to and
including 100 nominal size shall be not less than the
appropriate value given in Table 11.
BSI 03-1999
Licensed copy: Mr. National University Singapore, National University of Singapore, Version correct as of 19/11/2012 08:31, (c) The British Standards Institution 2012
BS 6464:1984
4 bar
6 bar
10 bar 16 bar
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
25
32
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
40
50
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
65
80
150
150
150
150
150
150
150
150
150
150
100
150
150
150
150
150
(20)
where
ULAM is in the axial direction
c) The manufacturer shall provide a cement that
is suitable for the process conditions for which the
pipe is intended.
d) The joint shall be designed so that the
thickness of the cement is between 0.15 mm
and 1.5 mm.
BSI 03-1999
(21)
where
ULAM is determined in the axial direction.
Unless there are records of satisfactory operating
performance each flange design shall be proved by
test. The test pressure on flanged joints of nominal
size up to 600 shall be 6 the rated pressure for the
pipes with a pressure rating up to 10 bar.
26.4.4.2 Manufacturing tolerances. All flanges shall
comply with the following.
a) Flatness. Flange faces shall not be concave and
shall be flat to within the following limits:
up to and including 450 nominal size
1 mm deviation;
above 450 nominal size
1.5 mm deviation.
17
Licensed copy: Mr. National University Singapore, National University of Singapore, Version correct as of 19/11/2012 08:31, (c) The British Standards Institution 2012
BS 6464:1984
Section 6. Testing
27 Tests for design
27.1 General. Manufacturers shall demonstrate
their ability to design and/or produce satisfactory
pipes and fittings for the specified duty. If
acceptable documentary evidence of past experience
is not available, prototype pipe shall be made and
tested.
NOTE The prototype tests may be witnessed by the purchaser
or inspecting authority.
18
BSI 03-1999
Licensed copy: Mr. National University Singapore, National University of Singapore, Version correct as of 19/11/2012 08:31, (c) The British Standards Institution 2012
BS 6464:1984
BSI 03-1999
28 Production testing
28.1 General. The frequency at which production
pipes are to be tested shall be agreed at the tender
stage.
NOTE It is recommended that a minimum of 10 % of pipes and
fittings should be hydrostatically pressure tested at the
manufacturers works.
19
Licensed copy: Mr. National University Singapore, National University of Singapore, Version correct as of 19/11/2012 08:31, (c) The British Standards Institution 2012
BS 6464:1984
20
BSI 03-1999
Licensed copy: Mr. National University Singapore, National University of Singapore, Version correct as of 19/11/2012 08:31, (c) The British Standards Institution 2012
BS 6464:1984
BSI 03-1999
21
Licensed copy: Mr. National University Singapore, National University of Singapore, Version correct as of 19/11/2012 08:31, (c) The British Standards Institution 2012
BS 6464:1984
22
BSI 03-1999
Licensed copy: Mr. National University Singapore, National University of Singapore, Version correct as of 19/11/2012 08:31, (c) The British Standards Institution 2012
BS 6464:1984
BS 2044
BS 2782:Method 1001
B.1.2 Accuracy of testing equipment. Testing machines shall be calibrated in accordance with BS 1610 and
shall be maintained to grade A.
Extensometers, including ancillary or autographic equipment, shall be calibrated in accordance with
BS 3846 and shall satisfy at least grade E requirements.
B.2 Internal shear strength of bonding cement
B.2.1 Test pieces. Lap joints shall be assembled from laminates, 100 mm min. 25 1 mm 3 mm min.
thick, of equivalent resin reinforcement system to the socket and spigot materials and cement to give a
minimum cement layer between laminates
of 25 1 mm 12.5 0.5 mm 1.5 mm max. thick. The assembly shall be carried out in accordance with
the cement manufacturers instructions.
The ends of the laminates that are clamped to the tensile machine shall be built up to ensure the force is
applied along the cemented joint.
Three test pieces shall be tested.
B.2.2 Conditioning and temperature of test. The test pieces shall be conditioned at 20 5 C for not
less than 3 h immediately before testing. The test shall be carried out at 20 5 C.
B.2.3 Procedure. Measure the cross-sectional area of the cemented part of the joint.
Clamp the test piece in the serrated jaws of a suitable tensile testing machine so that the jaws grip the built
up faces of the end pieces and the test pieces are in axial alignment with the direction of pull.
Apply a force to the test piece by separating the jaws at a constant rate between 5.0 mm/min
and 6.5 mm/min.
Record the maximum force at which the joint fails.
Test pieces which fail within the laminate or at the laminate/cement interface shall be disconnected and
the test shall be repeated, unless the calculated shear strength is greater than that specified in clause 8.
B.2.4 Calculation. Calculate the internal shear strength, Sc, for each test piece from equation (22).
F
S c = -----Ac
(22)
where
F
Ac
The tests for ultimate tensile unit strength and unit modulus (see B.4) may be combined using the same test pieces.
B.3.1 Test pieces. The form and number of test pieces shall be as described in BS 2782:Method 1003 for
type II or type III specimens.
B.3.2 Conditioning and temperature of test. The test pieces shall be conditioned at 20 5 C for not
less than 3 h immediately before testing. The test shall be carried out at 20 5 C.
B.3.3 Procedure. Measure the mean width of the test piece to the nearest 0.05 mm and number of laminate
layers.
BSI 03-1999
23
Licensed copy: Mr. National University Singapore, National University of Singapore, Version correct as of 19/11/2012 08:31, (c) The British Standards Institution 2012
BS 6464:1984
Clamp the test piece in the serrated jaws of a suitable tensile testing machine so that the jaws grip the
entire faces of the end pieces and the test piece is in axial alignment with the direction of pull.
Apply a force to the test piece by separating the jaws at a constant rate such that fracture occurs in 0.5 min
to 1.5 min. Report the maximum force applied.
Results obtained on test pieces that break within the area of the end pieces shall be disregarded and
additional test pieces tested.
B.3.4 Calculation. Calculate the ultimate tensile unit strength u (in N/mm per kg/m2 glass) from
equation (23).
Fmax
u = --------------------b n x mx
(23)
where
Fmax
b
nx
mx
24
BSI 03-1999
Licensed copy: Mr. National University Singapore, National University of Singapore, Version correct as of 19/11/2012 08:31, (c) The British Standards Institution 2012
BS 6464:1984
B.4.5 Calculation. Calculate the unit modulus X (in N/mm per kg/m2 glass) from equation (24) or (25)
Ff
X x = ------------------------------------0.002 b n x mx
Ff or X LAM = -------------------
0.002 b
(24)
(25)
where
F
f
b
nx
mx
In cases where it is expected that 0.2 % strain may give rise to danger of fracture of the test piece, it is
permissible to carry out the test at 0.1 % strain (corresponding to an extension of 0.05 mm over a 50 mm
gauge length). The initial force shall be correspondingly smaller, and the unit modulus
(in N/mm per kg/m2 glass) shall be calculated from equation (26) or (27).
Ff
X x = -------------------------------------0.001 b n x mx
Ff
or X LAM = -------------------
0.001 b
(26)
(27)
BSI 03-1999
25
Licensed copy: Mr. National University Singapore, National University of Singapore, Version correct as of 19/11/2012 08:31, (c) The British Standards Institution 2012
BS 6464:1984
NOTE
A shear-type failure with some peeling at the interlaminar bond should result.
B.5.4 Calculation. Calculate the lap shear strength, Ss, for each test piece from equation (28).
FS s = -----ab
(28)
where
F
a
b
BSI 03-1999
Licensed copy: Mr. National University Singapore, National University of Singapore, Version correct as of 19/11/2012 08:31, (c) The British Standards Institution 2012
BS 6464:1984
Clamp the laminate horizontally in the jaws of a vice or clamp and apply a force to the thermoplastics lining
by means of weights until the force is just sufficient to peel the lining from the laminate. During this
operation ensure that the plane of the force remains normal to the laminate/thermoplastics interface
(see Figure 14).
B.7.4 Calculation. Calculate the peel strength of the bond from the total force at peel and the measured
width of the test piece, and express in newtons per millimetre width.
B.7.5 Report. The test report shall include the following:
a) identification of the lining/laminate;
b) conditioning of the test pieces;
c) bond peel strength of the thermoplastics lining/laminate combination reported as the arithmetic mean
of the bond peel strengths of the test pieces;
d) individual test results;
e) date of the test.
B.8 Tensile strength of thermoplastics sheet and welds
B.8.1 Test pieces. The test piece from sheet shall be of the shape and dimensions shown in Figure 15 and
the full thickness of the sheet.
The test piece of a weld shall be of the shape and dimensions shown in Figure 14.
Three test pieces shall be used for either test.
B.8.2 Conditioning and temperature of test. The test pieces shall be conditioned at 20 5 C for not
less than 3 h immediately before testing. The test shall be carried out at 20 5 C.
B.8.3 Procedure. Measure the mean width and thickness to the nearest 0.02 mm.
Clamp the test piece at the widened ends or insert plugs if available and mount in the tensile testing
machine in axial alignment with the direction of pull. Apply a force to the test piece by separating the grips
at a constant rate of 25 6 mm/min until it breaks, the range of the testing machine being such that the
maximum force falls between 15 % and 85 % of the maximum scale reading.
B.8.4 Calculation. Calculate the tensile strength, B, for each test piece of the sheet and welded sheet from
equation (29).
F
B = ---A
(29)
where
F
A
Calculate the arithmetic mean of the three results from each test and express the average value for the
welded test pieces as a percentage of the average value for the sheet test pieces.
B.8.5 Report. The test report shall include the following:
a) identification of the thermoplastics sheet;
b) individual results and arithmetic mean of the tensile strength of the sheet;
c) individual results and arithmetic mean of the tensile strength of the weld;
d) percentage tensile strength of the weld compared with that of the sheet;
e) date of the test.
BSI 03-1999
27
Licensed copy: Mr. National University Singapore, National University of Singapore, Version correct as of 19/11/2012 08:31, (c) The British Standards Institution 2012
BS 6464:1984
Xx K
200 100
= ------------------------------14000 8.3
= 0.17 %
28
BSI 03-1999
Licensed copy: Mr. National University Singapore, National University of Singapore, Version correct as of 19/11/2012 08:31, (c) The British Standards Institution 2012
BS 6464:1984
The design requirement is satisfied if ULAM is at least equal to the circumferential unit load
[see equation (6)].
hence 0.17 140 m n = 250
m n = 10.5 kg/m2 glass
Thus a suitable construction of laminate would be as follows [see Figure 16(a)]:
resin rich inner layer with tissue
0.6 kg/m2
9.6 kg/m2
0.45 kg/m2
10.65 kg/m2
C.2.2.2 Chopped strand mat and woven roving construction. In practice a large proportion of laminates are
not all CSM and they incorporate woven rovings. A simple form of this type of construction is shown in
Figure 16(b) where alternate layers of woven roving complying with the requirements of
BS 3749 (800 g/m2 ) and CSM (450 g/m2 ) are used.
For the calculation an operating temperature of 80 C is assumed and a dual resin system will be used with
the following properties.
Property
Resin
A
Fracture strain
Heat distortion temperature
2.5 % 1.75 %
125 C 100 C
BSI 03-1999
29
Licensed copy: Mr. National University Singapore, National University of Singapore, Version correct as of 19/11/2012 08:31, (c) The British Standards Institution 2012
BS 6464:1984
250 100
WR
e WR = ---------------- = ------------------------------------ = 0.141 %
16000 10.4
(n 1) + 0.8 16000 n)
As this value shall be at least equal to, Qc, i.e. 250 N/mm
n = 9.01 say 10.
Thus a suitable construction of laminate would be as follows [see Figure 16b)].
resin rich inner layer with tissue
Resin A
two layers of 600 g/m2 CSM
Resin B
Resin A
0.6 kg/m2
8.0 kg/m2
4.1 kg/m2
0.3 kg/m2
13.0 kg/m2
C.2.2.3 Chopped strand mat and continuous rovings construction. In this construction the continuous
roving laminates are laid by a machine controlled process between a CSM (2 600 g/m2) corrosion resistant
laminate and a CSM (450 g/m2) under the outer resin rich layer [Figure 16c)]. One type of resin as
in C.2.2.1 is considered.
a) Determine the design factor [see equation (1)].
Chopped strand mat (CSM):
K = 3 k1 k2 k3 k4 k5
= 3 1.5 1.2 1.0 1.4 1.1 = 8.3
Continuous rovings (CR):
K = 3 1.5 1.2 1.0 1.4 1.1 = 8.3
30
BSI 03-1999
Licensed copy: Mr. National University Singapore, National University of Singapore, Version correct as of 19/11/2012 08:31, (c) The British Standards Institution 2012
BS 6464:1984
XxK
200 100
= --------------------------------- = 0.17 %
14000 8.3
CR:
u & x = -----------X xK
550 100- = 0.24 %
= -------------------------------28000 8.3
1.2 kg/m2
25.2 kg/m2
0.45 kg/m2
26.85 kg/m2
Because this pipe does not have similar properties in circumferential and axial directions, the allowable
loading in the axial direction should now be checked.
0.17
ULAM(a) = ------------ (14000 (1.2 + 0.45) +
100
4)
BSI 03-1999
31
Licensed copy: Mr. National University Singapore, National University of Singapore, Version correct as of 19/11/2012 08:31, (c) The British Standards Institution 2012
BS 6464:1984
If circumferential and axial loads are applied simultaneously it is necessary to establish whether the
allowable loads under these conditions are less than those in the above calculation.
This may be done by the construction of a biaxial failure envelope (see Figure 17) using information
obtained from the physical testing of the proposed laminate.
The following conditions are applied:
1) if Qc > 0 and Qa > 0
or if Qc < 0 and Qa < 0
then Uc = ULAM(c) and Ua = ULAM(a)
or 2) if Qc > 0 and Qa < 0
or if Qc < 0 and Qa > 0
then Uc = ULAM(c) (1 Ua/ULAM(a))
and Ua = ULAM(a) (1 Uc/ULAM(c))
Where Ua and Uc are the allowable axial and circumferential unit loads under biaxial loading.
The completed biaxial failure envelope shows the combinations of loads which may be applied to the
laminate, for example, from Figure 17, a combined load of Ua = 80 N/mm and Uc = 160 N/mm would be
satisfactory but a combination of Ua = 80 N/mm and Uc = 160 N/mm would not be satisfactory.
C.2.3 Thickness calculations. If we assume a glass content of 30 % for CSM, 50 % for woven rovings
and 65 % for continuous rovings Figure 2 gives the thicknesses expected for these constructions for a resin
density of 1.3 as follows:
CSM: 2.2 mm per kg/m2 glass.
WR: 1.2 mm per kg/m2 glass.
CR: 0.85 mm per kg/m2 glass.
Therefore the thicknesses of the laminates (excluding surface reinforced gel coats) in the three
constructions are as follows.
a) The all CSM construction of example C.2.2.1 requires a total mass of 11.25 kg/m2 glass and the design
thickness of this laminate is calculated as:
2.2 10.65 = 23.4 mm
b) The mixed CSM/WR construction of example C.2.2.2 will have a design thickness:
for CSM layers (1.2 + 0.3 + 9 0.45) 2.2
= 12.2 mm
= 9.6mm
= 21.8 mm
c) The mixed CSM/CR construction of example C.2.2.3 will have a design thickness:
for CSM layers (1.2 + 0.45) 2.2
= 3.6 mm
= 21.4 mm
= 25.0 mm
BSI 03-1999
Licensed copy: Mr. National University Singapore, National University of Singapore, Version correct as of 19/11/2012 08:31, (c) The British Standards Institution 2012
BS 6464:1984
Substituting in equation (13) and assuming that the pipe is infinitely long, the necessary minimum
thickness, tmin, to prevent buckling is:
4 0.1 0.33
1043.6 --------------------------
= 29.94 mm
2 9436
This thickness is greater than the thickness required for pressure, therefore, construction needs modifying
(see C.3.2) or stiffening rings are required (see C.3.3).
C.3.2 Thickness calculation without stiffeners. The selected construction is to be in the
form 1 200 g/m2 CSM + (n 1) layers of 450 g/m2 CSM + n layers of 800 g/m2 WR + 300 g/m2 CSM.
Therefore to satisfy the required thickness:
(1.2 + 0.3) 2.2 + (n 1) 0.45 2.2 +
+ n 0.8 1.2 = 29.94
n = 14.16 say 15
Since the composite modulus varies with construction it is necessary to recheck the laminate unit modulus
to ensure that it is > 9803 N/mm2 i.e.:
XLAM = (1.2 + 0.3 + 14 0.45) 14000 +
+ 15 0.8 16000 = 301200 N/mm
t = (1.5 + 14 0.45) 2.2 + (15 0.8) 1.2
= 31.56 mm
X LAM
2
301200
E LAM = -------------- = --------------------- = 9544 N/mm
t
31.56
Since the modulus of the revised laminate construction is greater than the earlier modulus the proposed
construction is satisfactory.
The laminate construction required to satisfy a full vacuum design consideration is therefore as follows.
Resin rich inner
Resin system A
15 layers
14 layers
Resin system B
Under the requirements of 21.2 the stiffening rings should have a minimum second moment of area
determined from equation (16). Assume the diameter of the neutral axis is 1 100 mm and the composite
modulus, E, is that of CSM:
2
X
14000
E CSM = ------------- = ------------------ = 6364 N/mm
t CSM
2.2
BSI 03-1999
33
Licensed copy: Mr. National University Singapore, National University of Singapore, Version correct as of 19/11/2012 08:31, (c) The British Standards Institution 2012
BS 6464:1984
6
4
0.18 1043.6 3882 1100 0.1
l = ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ = 13.86 10 mm
6364
Considering equation (17), the length of pipe that may be considered as contributing to the stiffness of the
ring is:
Js = 0.75 (1043.6 21.8)0.5
= 113.1 mm
Contact moulded pipe is the most widely used GRP in the British chemical industry.
D.2.1 Unlined pipe. In this process the resin and reinforcement ring is applied to mandrels by hand lay-up
or by some form of mechanical application. The amount and type of glass put into the construction of the
laminate can be varied to suit any specific mechanical design requirement. Rolling is generally employed
to consolidate the resin and glass and to remove air. This process is done carefully so that the reinforcement
is not disturbed and the glass fibre strands are not broken.
The pipe is left on the mandrels until the resin has cured sufficiently to allow the pipe to be handled and
the mandrel removed.
D.2.2 Pipe with thermoplastics liners. The lining materials in common use are uPVC and polypropylene. In
the case of uPVC, pipe is available which is suitable for liners up to 500 mm. For pipe diameters greater
than 500 mm the liners are formed from sheet and welded.
For lined pipe to be successful it is necessary to promote a good bond between the thermoplastics lining and
the resin laminate. In the case of uPVC this is achieved by chemically bonding to the uPVC surface. In the
case of polypropylene or PVDF sheet used to form the tube it is supplied with a layer of woven glass fibre
for bonding purposes.
The thermoplastics liners form the mandrel for the contact moulding operation to proceed as in D.2.1.
D.3 Filament winding with continuous rovings
D.3.1 Construction
D.3.1.1 General. Filament wound GRP pipes are normally produced by winding specifically orientated
resin impregnated glass fibre continuous rovings on a mandrel, and there are two basic construction
methods for the structural thickness in current use, as follows:
a) biaxial construction;
b) helically wound construction.
In both types of construction, there is incorporated an inner layer and an interior layer consisting
respectively of a smooth resin-rich surface reinforced with surfacing tissue of glass, polyester or acrylic
fibre and a resin-rich corrosion resistant layer reinforced with glass fibres.
D.3.1.2 Biaxial construction. This method of construction consists of applying circumferentially and
longitudinally disposed glass fibres such that the corresponding circumferential and longitudinal strength
and stiffness of the finished pipe meets with design requirements.
This type of construction can be manufactured on any type of filament winding machine, either by a
discontinuous process employing a series of mandrels or a proprietory continuous machine.
34
BSI 03-1999
Licensed copy: Mr. National University Singapore, National University of Singapore, Version correct as of 19/11/2012 08:31, (c) The British Standards Institution 2012
BS 6464:1984
D.3.1.3 Helically wound construction. In this method of construction the glass is not wound around the
mandrel at right angles to the pipe axis but a guide for the glass rovings is moved to and fro along the
mandrel so that the fibres are in a helix around the pipe.
This type of pipe is produced only by a discontinuous process using conventional lathe type machines
employing solid or collapsible mandrels.
D.4 Reinforced plastics matrix pipe. This type of pipe is made in a similar manner to that described in
D.3.1.2, the differences being that special aggregate and filler are added in a predetermined sequence.
D.5 Centrifugal moulding. In this process, resin, glass and fillers are introduced into a rotating mould
to produce the designed pipes. Pipes so produced have a fixed outside diameter.
Liner
Non-liner
Blisters
None
Chips
None
Cracks
None
None
Crazing
None
Slight
Discoloured areas
None
(due to high exotherm
or contamination)
None
Dry spots
None
Entrapped air
None at surface
Exposed glass
None
None
None
None
Foreign matter
None
None
Pits
Scores
Sharp discontinuity
Surface porosity
None
None
Wrinkles
BSI 03-1999
35
Licensed copy: Mr. National University Singapore, National University of Singapore, Version correct as of 19/11/2012 08:31, (c) The British Standards Institution 2012
BS 6464:1984
Factory workshop
Erection/assembly of the
sub-assemblies to form pipework
systems. Flanged joints and butt
joints to be made where
appropriate.
36
BSI 03-1999
37
BS 6464:1984
Licensed copy: Mr. National University Singapore, National University of Singapore, Version correct as of 19/11/2012 08:3
BSI 03-1999
BSI 03-1999
Licensed copy: Mr. National University Singapore, National University of Singapore, Version correct as of 19/11/2012 08:3
BS 6464:1984
38
Figure 2 Relationship between thickness and glass content for laminates with resin of relative density, (+), 1.1 to 1.3
Licensed copy: Mr. National University Singapore, National University of Singapore, Version correct as of 19/11/2012 08:31, (c) The British Standards Institution 2012
BS 6464:1984
BSI 03-1999
39
Licensed copy: Mr. National University Singapore, National University of Singapore, Version correct as of 19/11/2012 08:31, (c) The British Standards Institution 2012
BS 6464:1984
40
BSI 03-1999
Licensed copy: Mr. National University Singapore, National University of Singapore, Version correct as of 19/11/2012 08:31, (c) The British Standards Institution 2012
BS 6464:1984
BSI 03-1999
41
Licensed copy: Mr. National University Singapore, National University of Singapore, Version correct as of 19/11/2012 08:31, (c) The British Standards Institution 2012
BS 6464:1984
42
BSI 03-1999
Licensed copy: Mr. National University Singapore, National University of Singapore, Version correct as of 19/11/2012 08:31, (c) The British Standards Institution 2012
BS 6464:1984
BSI 03-1999
43
Licensed copy: Mr. National University Singapore, National University of Singapore, Version correct as of 19/11/2012 08:31, (c) The British Standards Institution 2012
BS 6464:1984
44
BSI 03-1999
Licensed copy: Mr. National University Singapore, National University of Singapore, Version correct as of 19/11/2012 08:31, (c) The British Standards Institution 2012
BS 6464:1984
BSI 03-1999
45
Licensed copy: Mr. National University Singapore, National University of Singapore, Version correct as of 19/11/2012 08:31, (c) The British Standards Institution 2012
BS 6464:1984
NOTE Amount of overlay, t2 is a laminate having 1.2 times the UTUS of pipe wall liminate, t1.
All dimensions in millimetres.
46
BSI 03-1999
Licensed copy: Mr. National University Singapore, National University of Singapore, Version correct as of 19/11/2012 08:31, (c) The British Standards Institution 2012
BS 6464:1984
Figure 13 Test piece for the determination of lap shear strength of laminate
BSI 03-1999
47
Licensed copy: Mr. National University Singapore, National University of Singapore, Version correct as of 19/11/2012 08:31, (c) The British Standards Institution 2012
BS 6464:1984
48
BSI 03-1999
Licensed copy: Mr. National University Singapore, National University of Singapore, Version correct as of 19/11/2012 08:31, (c) The British Standards Institution 2012
BS 6464:1984
Figure 15 Test piece for tensile strength of thermoplastics sheet and welds
BSI 03-1999
49
Licensed copy: Mr. National University Singapore, National University of Singapore, Version correct as of 19/11/2012 08:31, (c) The British Standards Institution 2012
BS 6464:1984
50
BSI 03-1999
Licensed copy: Mr. National University Singapore, National University of Singapore, Version correct as of 19/11/2012 08:31, (c) The British Standards Institution 2012
BS 6464:1984
BSI 03-1999
51
52
blank
Licensed copy: Mr. National University Singapore, National University of Singapore, Version correct as of 19/11/2012 08:31, (c) The British Standards Institution 2012
Licensed copy: Mr. National University Singapore, National University of Singapore, Version correct as of 19/11/2012 08:31, (c) The British Standards Institution 2012
BS 6464:1984
Publications referred to
BS 476, Fire tests on building materials and structures.
BS 476-7, Surface spread of flame tests for materials.
BS 1560, Steel pipe flanges and flanged fittings (nominal size 1/2 in to 24 in) for the petroleum industry.
BS 1560-2, Metric dimensions.
BS 1610, Method for the load verification of testing machines.
BS 1755, Glossary of terms used in the plastics industry.
BS 1755-1, Polymerization and plastics technology.
BS 2044, Laboratory tests for resistivity of conducting and antistatic rubbers.
BS 2494, Materials for elastomeric joint rings for pipework and pipelines.
BS 2782, Methods of testing plastics.
BS 2782-Method 121A, Determination of temperature of deflection under a bending stress of 1.8 MPa of
plastics and ebonite.
BS 2782-Method 320A to F, Determination of tensile strength, elongation and elastic modulus.
BS 2782-Method 345A, Determination of compressive properties by deformation at constant rate.
BS 2782-Method 430B, Determination of water absorption at 23 C with allowance for water-soluble matter.
BS 2782-Method 1001, Measurement of hardness by means of a Barcol impressor.
BS 2782-Method 1002, Determination of loss on ignition.
BS 2782-Method 1003, Determination of tensile properties.
BS 3293, Carbon steel pipe flanges (over 24 in nominal size) for the petroleum industry.
BS 3396, Woven glass fibre fabrics for plastics reinforcement.
BS 3496, E glass fibre chopped strand mat for the reinforcement of polyester resin systems.
BS 3505, Unplasticized PVC pipe for cold water services.
BS 3506, Unplasticized PVC pipe for industrial purposes.
BS 3532, Unsaturated polyester resin systems for low pressure fibre reinforced plastics.
BS 3534, Epoxide resin systems for glass fibre reinforced plastics.
BS 3691, Glass fibre rovings for the reinforcement of polyester and of epoxide resin systems.
BS 3749, Woven roving fabrics of E glass fibre for the reinforcement of polyester resin.
BS 3757, Specification for rigid PVC sheet.
BS 3846, Methods for the calibration and grading of extensometers for testing of metals.
BS 4346, Joints and fittings for use with unplasticized PVC pressure pipes.
BS 4346-1, Injection moulded unplasticized PVC fittings for solvent welding for use with pressure pipes,
including potable water supply.
BS 4346-3, Specification for solvent cement.
BS 4504, Flanges and bolting for pipes, valves and fittings. Metric series.
BS 4504-1, Ferrous.
BS 5350, Methods of test for adhesives.
BS 5350-C5, Determination of bond strength in longitudinal shear.
BS 5350-C6, Determination of bond strength in direct tension in sandwich panels.
BS 5480, Specification for glass reinforced plastics (GRP) pipes and fittings for use for water supply or
sewerage5).
BS 5955, Code of practice for plastics pipework (thermoplastics materials).
BS 5955-7, Recommended methods for thermal fusion jointing.
5) Referred
BSI 03-1999
Licensed copy: Mr. National University Singapore, National University of Singapore, Version correct as of 19/11/2012 08:31, (c) The British Standards Institution 2012
BSI
389 Chiswick High Road
London
W4 4AL
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|