Table of Contents

ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................................... 2

1.

2.PROJECT DESIGN ............................................................................................................................. 3

DESIGN ...................................................................................................................................... 3

2.1
2.2

PRINCIPLE ............................................................................................................................ 3

2.3

ASSUMPTION ....................................................................................................................... 3

2.4

3-D DESIGN ........................................................................................................................... 3

MATHEMATICAL MODELLING ............................................................................................... 4

3.

DIMENSIONS ........................................................................................................................ 4

3.1
3.1.1

SHELL ............................................................................................................................... 4

3.1.2

TUBE .................................................................................................................................. 4

4.

HEAT TRANSFER THROUH CONVECTION ............................................................................ 4

5.

ANSYS ........................................................................................................................................... 5
PRO-E MODEL .......................................................................................................................... 5

5.1
5.2

MESHING .............................................................................................................................. 6

5.3

MESH REPORT ..................................................................................................................... 6

5.4

SETUP .................................................................................................................................... 7

5.4.1

GENERAL ......................................................................................................................... 7

5.4.2

MODEL ............................................................................................................................. 8

5.4.3

MATERIALS .................................................................................................................... 8

BOUNDARY CONDITION ........................................................................................................... 9

6.

INLET ZONE ............................................................................................................................. 9

6.1
6.2

HEAT TRANSFER TABLE ................................................................................................. 10

6.3

SOLID WALL ...................................................................................................................... 11

CALCULATIONS ........................................................................................................................ 11

7.
7.1

RESULTS ................................................................................................................................. 12

7.2

FLUX REPORT ........................................................................................................................ 12

CONTOURS ................................................................................................................................. 12

8.

CONTOURS OF VELOCITY .................................................................................................. 12

8.1
8.2
9.
10.

CONTOURS OF TEMPERATURE ..................................................................................... 14

CONCLUSION: ............................................................................................................................ 15
REFERENCES ......................................................................................................................... 16

1. ABSTRACT
In this report, we are going to discuss the thermal analysis using
simulation software (ANSYS, Fluent) and counter current flow. We are using
water as working fluid. We have used Pro-e for the preparation of the geometry.
Workbench for meshing of the geometry of our proposed project. For simulation
and
determination
of
required
heat
transfer
rate,
we
have
used "ANSYS, Fluent.We have come to know that for constant Heat Transfer
Rate the size of heat exchanger is compact for two tube passes than one tube passe
due increases in larger surface area..

2.PROJECT DESIGN
2.1 DESIGN
The design consists of a simple heat exchanger with one shell and
two tube passes and different materials..Hot water will flow through inside tube while
cold water is flowing through annular tube.

2.2 PRINCIPLE
Heat transfer is the exchange of thermal energy between
physical systems. The rate of heat transfer is dependent on the temperatures of the
systems and the properties of the intervening medium through which the heat is
transferred. Heat will transfer from the hot water to the cold water, by convection
only.

2.3 ASSUMPTION
i.
Thermal resistance of inner tube is negligible because the tube material is
highly conductive and its thickness is negligible.
ii.
Flow is fully developed.
iii. Radiations effects are neglected.
iv.
Properties of water are constant.
v.
Steady operating condition exist.
vi.
Heat Exchanger is well insulated so that heat loss to the surrounding is
negligible and thus heat transfer from cold fluid is equal to the heat transfer to
the cold fluid.

2.4 3-D DESIGN

Figure 3.1

3. MATHEMATICAL MODELLING
3.1 DIMENSIONS
3.1.1 SHELL
Dia=7cm
Length=56cm

Figure 3.2
3.1.2

TUBE

Dia=2.5cm
Length=114cm

Figure 3.3

4. HEAT TRANSFER THROUH CONVECTION

The LMTD method could still be used for this alternative
problem, but the procedure would require tedious iterations, and thus it is not practical.
In an attempt to eliminate the iterations from the solution of such problems, Kays and
London came up with a method in 1955 called the effectivenessNTU method, which
greatly simplified heat exchanger analysis. This method is based on a dimensionless
parameter called the heat transfer effectiveness defined as

For heat transfer through convection we have:

Q= m Cp (TH1 TH2)
= Av

For hot water:

h = 0.19625kg/s, Cp =4180
For cold water:
c = 0.573kg/s, Cp =4180
So by putting the values of area in the above equation we get:
Q = 0.19625 (TH1 TH2)
Q = 0.573 (TC2 TC1)

Inside TUBE
Anular TUBE

Now by simply putting the values of temperature gradient we can calculate the heat
transfer through every tube.
From the above calculations we can see that heat transfer through each tube is equal.

5. ANSYS
5.1 PRO-E MODEL
The model is made on the PRO-E software in 3-D. When model is made then it will
easily import in ANSYS for further Analysis.

Figure 5.1

5.2

MESHING

After naming the different zones and choosing the

appropriate , Meshing type, sizing and the type of centre, following mesh was
generated.

Figure 5.2

5.3 MESH REPORT

Table 5.1

Table 5.2

5.4 SETUP
5.4.1

GENERAL

The generals for this tube are Selected as shown in figure

With the maximum aspect ratio Equal to 1.69223e+01

Figure 5.4

5.4.2

MODEL

In models the energy equation

Is turned on and since radiation
effects are ignored so it is turned off.

Figure 5.5

5.4.3

MATERIALS

The tubes are made up of steel.

While the fluid is water.The properties are shown in fig

Figure 5.6

6. BOUNDARY CONDITION
6.1 INLET ZONE

Figure 6.1

Figure 6.2

Figure 6.3

Figure 6.4

6.2 HEAT TRANSFER TABLE

Figure 6.5

6.3 SOLID WALL

Figure 6.6

7. CALCULATIONS

Figure 7.1

7.1 RESULTS

Figure 7.2

7.2 FLUX REPORT

Figure 7.3

8. CONTOURS
8.1 CONTOURS OF VELOCITY

Figure 8.1

Figure 8.2

8.2 CONTOURS OF TEMPERATURE

Figure 8.3

Figure 8.4

Effectivness(experimental):
mass flow rate of hot water=.273kg/s
mass flow rate of cold water=.196kg/s
Cold water inlet temperature:27
Hot water inlet temperature:62
Hot water outlet temperature:54
Cold water out let temperature:31

T max=Th1-Tc1=35

,Cmin=0.196 *4180=819

Qmax=cmin T max=819* 35=28674.8 watts

Q=mcp (Th1-Th2)=mcp(Tc2-Tc1)=0.273*4180*(62-54)=9129.12watts
Effectiveness= Q/ Qmax=19161.12/28674.8=31 %

9. CONCLUSION:
In our project,we come to know that one shell
with multiple passes are compact design .And the heat transfer rate is more in counter
flow than in co current flow.
The difference between the values calculated and values from
simulation since there is a difference between real and ideal cases.

10. REFERENCES
1) HEAT TRANSFER BY YUNUS A. CENGEL
2) https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=ansys+tutorials+for+simulation
3) https://confluence.cornell.edu/display/SIMULATION/FLUENT+Learning+Modules