Vibration of Angle-Ply Skew Plate Using RBF Base Meshless Method

IPASJ International Journal of Mechanical Engineering (IIJME)
A Publisher for Research Motivation........
Volume 4, Issue 4, April 2016
Web Site: http://www.ipasj.org/IIJME/IIJME.htm

Email: editoriijme@ipasj.org
ISSN 2321-6441
Vibration of angle-ply Skew Plate using RBF

base Meshless Method
Kumari Shipra Suman , Jeeoot Singh*
Department of Mechanical Engineering, B.I.T., Mesra, Ranchi
ABSTRACT
Paper presents free vibration response of angle skew plate. The governing differential equations (GDEs) are discretized using
polynomial radial basis function (RBF) to cast a set of simultaneous equations to form stiffness and mass matrix. Using
standard computational software of MATLAB, the eigenvalue problem is solved to get the eigen frequencies and eigen vectors.
Several numerical results depicting the non dimensional frequency parameter of the angle ply skew plates, utilizing first order
shear deformation theory (FSDT) are presented. In order to check the accuracy of the present method, the results are compared
with existing one in the literature. The effects span to thickness ratio, orthotropy ratio of the material and number of layers on
the frequency is also studied.
Keywords:- angle-ply, Skew plate, Meshfree Method, FSDT, Vibration
1. INTRODUCTION
The significant increase in the industrial use of skew plates construction calls for the development of new numerical
tools/methods for the analysis. The laminated composite skew plates are often subjected to harmonic excitation. In
order to design the safe structures, it becomes necessary to predict free vibration response of such structures. The
researchers have employed several numerical methods like finite difference method (FDM), finite element method
(FEM), boundary element method (BEM), extended finite element method (XFEM), differential quadrature method
(DQM), and radial point interpolation method (RPIM). Among numerical methods finite element method is widely
adopted for solving the complex problems. This method is well developed and has made significant impact over the last
couple of decades in the industrial applications. However, the some drawbacks of finite element method like in moving
boundary problems has originated meshless or meshfree or finite point methods (MFree). The free vibration analysis of
skew orthotropic plates, with two opposite edges simply supported and the other two free using the finite strip method
was obtained by Thangam Babu and Reddy [1]. Natural frequencies and modes and buckling analysis for clamped skew
plates using Galerkins method (Durvasula[2-3]), simply supported skew plates using Rayleigh-Ritz method
(Durvasula[4-5]) was proposed. Laura and Grosson [6] obtained the buckling loads for clamped skew plates using
conformal mapping and variational approach. Natural frequencies and modes of tapered skew plates using Lagrange's
equations and double Fourier sine series in oblique co-ordinates was obtained by Chopra and Durvasula [7]. Xiang et al
[8-9]for linear flexural and free vibration analysis of the laminated composite and sandwich plates. Barton [10] used
Rayleigh-Ritz method and characteristic beam function to obtain the frequency parameters, nodal patterns and mode
shape amplitude coefficients of cantilever skew plates. Conway and Farnham [11] adopted the point matching method
for the free flexural vibration of isotropic simply supported parallelogram plates and clamped rhombic plates. Ferreira
et al. [12], use the FSDT in the multiquadric radial basis function (MQRBF) procedure for predicting the free vibration
behavior. Hasegawa [13] proposed polynomial deflection functions in conjunction with Rayleigh-Ritz method for the
vibration analysis of clamped skew plates. The excellent literature surveys Leissa, [14]; Liew and Wang, [15] and
Wang et al., [16] show a great insight into the history and development of the analytical and numerical techniques for
free vibration and buckling of skew plates, respectively. The exact solution for free vibration of simply supported
isotropic skew plate was given by Seth [17] Liew et al[18-19] used reproducing kernel approximations and meshfree
method for buckling analysis of isotropic circular and skew plates. In the present study, the free vibration analysis of
angle-ply skew plates using polynomial radial basis function and FSDT is presented.
2. MATHEMATICAL FORMULATION
The displacement field at any point in the plate is expressed as ignoring initial displacements in X and Y direction:
u z x , v z y , w w0
(1)
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Figure1: Geometry of skew plate

The skew plate geometry is shown in Figure 1. Thickness h is along z axis whose mid plane is coinciding with x-y
plane of the coordinate system is considered.
The strain-displacement relations can be written as:
x
xx x
y
(2)
yy z
xy

z x z y
x
y
w0
y y
w0
x x
The constitutive stress strain relation for kth lamina can be written as:
xx Q Q
0
0 xx
12 Q16
11

0 yy
yy Q12 Q22 Q26 0

0 xy
xy Q16 Q26 Q66 0

0
0
0 Q44 Q45 yz
yz

0
0
0
Q
Q
45
55 k zx
zx k
yz

zx
Where,
(3)
(4)
Qij are the transformed reduced stiffness coefficients and are expressed as:
Q11
m4
2 2
Q12
m n
4
Q 22
n
3
Q16
m n
Q 26 mn3
m2 n 2
Q 66
Q
0
44
Q
45
0
Q55
k 0
2m 2 n 2
n4
4m 2 n 2
m4 n4
m2 n2
4m 2 n 2
0
0
2m 2 n 2
m4
4m 2 n 2
0
0
mn3 m3 n mn3 2mn( m2 n 2 )

0
0
m3 n mn3 m3 n 2mn(m 2 n 2 )
0
0
2m 2 n2
m2 n2
(m 2 n 2 ) 2
0
0
0
0
0
m2 n2
0
0
0
mn mn
0
0
0
n2 m2 k
0
Q11
Q12
Q22
Q66
Q44
Q55 k
(5)
Where,
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ISSN 2321-6441
m Cos , n Sin , Q44 G23 , Q55 G13 , Q66 G12 ,
Q11
E11
,
1
12 21
Q22
E22
,
1
12 21
Q12
21 E11
,
1
12 21
The governing differential equations of plate are obtained using Hamiltons principle and expressed as:
M xx M xy
2 x
Qx I2
x
y
t 2
M xy
x
M yy
y
Q y I2
2y
(6)
t 2
Q x Q y
2w
I0 2
x
y
t
Where,
x
M D
D
D
xx
11
12
16
Myy D12 D22 D26
D
D
Mxy 16 26 66
y
X
y x
Qy
A44
K
A45
Qx
(7)
w0
y
A45 y
A55 w0
x
x
(8)
h /2
Aij,D ij Q ij
2
1,z dz
(9)
-h/2
h/2
I0 , I2
1, z dz
2
(10)
h/2
K=shear correction factor taken here as 5/6.

The boundary conditions for an arbitrary edge with simply supported conditions are as follows:
s , w, M nn 0
(11)
Where,
s ny . x nx . y
M nn nx2 M xx +2n x n y M xy +n 2y M yy
nx cos( ), ny sin( )
3. SOLUTION METHODOLOGY
The governing differential equations (6) are expressed in terms of displacement functions. Radial basis function based
formulation works on the principle of interpolation of scattered data over entire domain. The unknown field variables
w0 , x and y appearing in governing differential equations is assumed in terms of radial basis function as:
N
w0 ( x, y )
g X X
w0
j
,m
,m
j 1
N
x ( x, y )
g X X
x
j
j 1
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ISSN 2321-6441

N
y ( x, y )
g X X
y
j
,m
j 1
For free vibration problems, harmonic solution in terms of displacements is assumed as:
w0 ( x, y, t ) W0 ( x, y )eit
x ( x, y, t ) x ( x, y)eit
y ( x, y , t ) y ( x, y )eit
Where, N is total numbers of nodes which is equal to summation of boundary nodes NB and domain interior nodes ND.
g X X j ,m
X Xj
is polynomial radial basis function expressed as g r m , wj , j x , j y are unknown coefficients.
is the radial distance between two nodes.
Where, r X X j
x xj y yj
and m is shape parameter. The value of 'm' taken here is 5.
The discretized governing differential equation is expressed as eigenvalue for predicting the natural frequency.
K M 0
2
Where [K] is the stiffness matrix and [M] refers to mass matrix, and the parameter refers to the frequency parameter.
4. NUMERICAL RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

A RBF based meshless code in MATLAB is developed following the analysis procedure as discussed above. In order to
demonstrate the accuracy and applicability of present formulation, several examples have been analyzed and the
computed results are compared with the published results. Based on convergence study, a 1515 node is used
throughout the study. The material properties of plate have been taken as follows:
E1/E2 = 40; G12 = G13= 0.6E2; G23=0.5E2; 12=0.25 and density =1, for orthotropic plate.
The dimensionless natural frequency parameter is defined as:
a2
2
h E2
(1/2)
Table 1A: Frequency parameter of simply supported angle-ply skew laminated [45/-45/45/-45/45] plate with
various skew angles (a/h = 10)
Method
Nodes
Skew Angle
30
45
60
75
90
1.3196
2.2596
2.1274
2.083
2.0254
Present
5x5
3.9465
2.1338
1.998
1.9872
1.9127
7x7
4.1582
2.1396
1.9687
1.9365
1.8876
9x9
4.3033
2.1567
1.9602
1.9167
1.8824
11x11
4.3995
2.1768
1.9556
1.9077
1.8792
13x13
4.4667
2.1944
1.9505
1.9033
1.8782
15x15
4.0227
2.5028
2.0074
1.8838
1.8248
[21]
2.4788
2.0002
1.8792
[20]
3.8619
2.4862
2.0382
1.8586
1.8357
[12]
Table 1B: Frequency parameter of simply supported angle-ply skew laminated [45/-45/45/-45/45] plate with
various skew angles for first 8 modes (a/h = 10)
Modes
Skew Angle
30
45
60
75
90
1
4.4667
2.1944
1.9505
1.9033
1.8782
2
4.8939
3.5159
3.4546
3.5399
3.3853
3
5.2264
4.754
4.0634
3.6121
3.7028
4
5.8486
4.966
4.8797
5.0452
4.9793
5
6.6226
5.8908
5.7333
5.5617
5.4821
6
7.4372
6.0725
6.2119
5.6167
5.6145
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7
8
7.8661
7.9106
6.9727
7.455
6.3417
7.1916
6.6041
6.9672
6.5767
6.9389
Table 2: Effect of span to thickness ratio on frequency parameter of simply supported angle-ply skew laminated
[45/-45/45/-45/45] plate with various skew angles (E1/E2=40)
a/h
30
2.4596
4.4667
7.6113
9.4245
10.3485
10.8892
12.2749
5
10
20
30
40
50
100
45
1.4653
2.1944
2.7542
2.9744
3.0963
3.1799
3.4204
Skew Angle
60
1.3460
1.9505
2.4920
2.7321
2.8652
2.9545
3.1986
75
1.2971
1.9033
2.3344
2.5027
2.6001
2.6702
2.8873
90
1.2790
1.8782
2.2413
2.3373
2.3729
2.3887
2.4046
Table 3: Effect of orthotropy ratio on frequency parameter of simply supported angle-ply skew laminated [45/45/45/-45/45] plate with various skew angles (a/h=10)
E1/E2
Skew Angle
30
45
60
75
90
2.2604
1.3698
1.0444
0.8593
0.7794
3
2.2055
1.4788
1.1751
0.9986
0.9222
5
2.8183
1.6763
1.4076
1.2448
1.1783
10
3.8614
1.9216
1.6890
1.5560
1.5054
20
4.2746
2.0792
1.8540
1.7589
1.7208
30
4.4667
2.1944
1.9505
1.9033
1.8782
40
4.5885
2.2850
1.9888
2.0059
1.9998
50
4.5
4.0
0
skew angle 30
0
skew angle 45
0
skew angle 60
0
skew angle 75
0
skew angle 90
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
5x5
7x7
9x9
11x11
13x13
15x15
Number of Nodes
Figure-2: Convergence of frequency parameter of simply supported angle-ply skew laminated [45/-45/45/-45/45]
plate with various skew angles (a/h = 10)
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14
12
10
skew
skew
skew
skew
skew
angle
angle
angle
angle
angle
30
0
45
600
0
75
0
90
2
0
20
40
60
80
100
a/h
Figure- 3: Effect of span to thickness ratio on frequency parameter of simply supported angle-ply skew laminated
[45/-45/45/-45/45] plate with various skew angles (E1/E2=40)
4.8
4.0
skew
skew
skew
skew
skew
3.2
angle
angle
angle
angle
angle
30
0
45
0
60
0
75
0
90
2.4
1.6
0.8
0
10
20
30
40
50
Orthotropy Ratio
Figure 4: Effect of orthotropy ratio on frequency parameter of simply supported angle-ply skew laminated [45/45/45/-45/45] plate with various skew angles (a/h=10)
2.2
2.0
Skew Angle 45
0
Skew Angle 90
1.8
1.6
2
10
11
12
Number of Layers
Figure 5: Effect number of layers on frequency parameter of simply supported angle-ply skew laminated [45/45/45/-45/45] with various skew angles (E1/E2=40, a/h=10)
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ISSN 2321-6441
In order to show the accuracy and efficiency of the present solution methodology, detailed convergence studies for
simply supported angle ply skew laminated [45/-45/45/-45/45] plate with various skew angles (a/h = 10) is carried out.
The plate edge length and thickness are denoted by a and h, respectively. The convergences of the frequency
parameter for different skew angles are obtained and shown in Table-1 along with results obtained due to Liew et al
[21],Wang[20] and Ferreria et al [12]. And same is depicted in Figure-2. It can be seen that good convergence (within
1%) is achieved at 1515 nodes.
Table-2 and Table-3 shows the effect of span to thickness ratio and orthotropy ratio respectively with skew angle of a
simply supported skew laminated plate. The same results are depicted in Figures 3&4 respectively. It is observed that
effect of span to thickness ratio becomes almost negligible for frequency parameter after a/h=40. From Figure 4, it is
observed that frequency parameter increases as orthotropy ratio increases. In both cases frequency parameter increases
with increase in skewness (As angle decreases, the skewness increases). Figure-5 presents that as skew angle decreases
(skewness increases) the frequency parameter increases and becomes more prominent for higher skewness. As number
of layer increases, frequency parameter also increases, but this increase becomes almost negligible for more than 5
layers.
5. CONCLUSION
Polynomial radial basis functions are used to predict the free vibration behavior of angle-ply laminated skew plates.
Effect of orthotropy and span to thickness ratio on frequency parameter of simply supported skew plate is presented.
Numerical results obtained are in good agreement with other published results. Some new results are also obtained. It is
found that effect of span to thickness ratio becomes almost negligible for frequency parameter after a/h=40.Frequency
parameter increases with increase in skewness (As angle decreases, the skewness increases).It is also found that as skew
angle decreases (skewness increases) the frequency parameter increases and becomes more prominent for higher
skewness. As number of layer increases, frequency parameter also increases, but this increase becomes almost
negligible for more than 5 layers.
REFERENCE
[1]. Babu P.V.Thangam and D.V. Reddy, Frequency analysis of skew orthotropic plates by the finite strip method,
Journal of Sound and Vibration Volume 18, Issue 4, 22 October 1971, Pages 465474
[2]. Durvasula, S. (1969a), Natural frequencies and modes of clamped skew plates, AIAA Journal 7(6), 1164-1166
[3]. Durvasula, S. (1970), Buckling of clamped skew plates, AIAA Journal 8(1), 178-181
[4]. Durvasula, S. (1969b), Free vibration of simply supported parallelogrammic plates, J. Aircraft 6, 66-68
[5]. Durvasula, S. (1971), Buckling of simply supported skew plates, J. Eng. Mech. Div. 97(3), 967-979
[6]. Laura, P.A., Grosson, J. (1971), Buckling Of Rhombic Plates, J. Eng. Mech. Div. 97(1), 145-148
[7]. Chopra, I., Durvasula, S. (1971), Natural frequencies and modes of tapered skew plates, Int. J. Mechanical
Sciences 13(11), 935944
[8]. S. Xiang, Ke-ming Wang, Yan-ting Ai, Yun-dong Sha and H. Shi, Analysis of isotropic, sandwich and laminated
plates by a meshless method and various shear deformation theories. Comps. Structs. 91(2009) 31-37.
[9]. S. Xiang, Shao-xi Jiang, Ze-yang Bi, Yao-xing Jin and Ming-sui Yang, A nth-order meshless generalization of
Reddys third-order shear deformation theory for the free vibration on laminated composite plates. Comps. Structs.
93 (2011) 299307
[10]. Barton, M. V. (1951), Vibration of rectangular and skew cantilever plates, J. App. Mech. 18, 129-134
[11]. Conway, H. D., Farnham, K. A. (1965), The free flexural vibrations of triangular, rhombic and parallelogram
plates and some analogies, Int. J. Mechanical Sciences 7(12), 811816
[12]. Ferreira A.J.M., Roque C.M.C., Jorge R.M.N. (2005), Free vibration analysis of symmetric laminated composite
plates by FSDT and radial basis functions, Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Engrg. 194, 42654278
[13]. Hasegawa, M. (1957), Vibration of clamped parallelogrammic isotropic flat plates, J. Aeronaut. Sci. 24, 145-146
[14]. Leissa, A.W. (1969), Vibration of Plates, Scientific and technical information division office of technology
utilization,NASA, Washington D.C.
[15]. Liew, K. M., Wang, C.M. (1993), Vibration studies on skew plates: treatment of internal line supports, Computers
and Structures 49(6), 941-951
[16]. Wang, C. M., Liew, K.M., Alwis, W.A.M. (1992), Buckling of skew plates and corner condition for simply
supported edges, J. Eng. Mech. 118 (4), 651-662
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plates, Proc. of Indian Academic Science Sec. A 25, 25-29
[18]. Liew KM, Huang YQ. (2003) Bending and buckling of thick symmetric rectangular laminates using the moving
least-squares differential quadrature method. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences 45 ,95114
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[19]. Liew KM, Chen XL, Reddy JN. (2004) Meshfree radial basis function method for buckling analysis of nonuniformly loaded arbitrarily shaped shear deformable plates. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics
Engineering 193 ,205224
[20]. Wang S., (1997), Free vibration analysis of skew fibre-reinforced composite laminates based on first-order shear
deformation plate theory, Comput. Struct. 63, 525538.
[21]. K.M. Liew, Y.Q. Huang, J.N. Reddy, Vibration analysis of symmetrically laminated plates based on FSDT using
the moving least squares differential quadrature method, Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Engrg. 192 (2003) 2203
2222.
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IPASJ International Journal of Mechanical Engineering (IIJME)

A Publisher for Research Motivation........

Volume 4, Issue 4, April 2016

Web Site: http://www.ipasj.org/IIJME/IIJME.htm